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The Language War [Hardcover]

Robin Tolmach Lakoff (Author)
4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (12 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 22, 2000 0520216660 978-0520216662 1
Robin Lakoff gets to the heart of one of the most fascinating and pressing issues in American society today: who holds power and how they use it, keep it, or lose it. In a brilliant and vastly entertaining discussion of news events that have occupied an enormous amount of media space--political correctness, the Anita Hill/Clarence Thomas hearings, Hillary Rodham Clinton as First Lady, O. J. Simpson's murder trial, the Ebonics controversy, and the Clinton sex scandal--Lakoff shows that the struggle for power and status at the end of the century is being played out as a war over language. Controlling language is a basis for all power, she says, and therefore it is worth fighting for. As a result, newly emergent groups, especially blacks and women, are contending with middle- to upper-class white men for a share in "language rights."
Lakoff's introduction to linguistic theories and the philosophy of language lays the groundwork for an exploration of news stories that meet what she calls the UAT (Undue Attention Test). As the stories became the subject of talk-show debates, late-night comedy routines, Web sites, and magazine articles, they were embroidered with additional meanings, depending on who was telling the story. Race, gender, or both are at the heart of these stories, and each one is about the right to construct meanings from languagein short, to possess power. Because language tells us how we are connected to one another, who has power and who does not, the stories reflect the language war.
We use language to analyze what we call "reality," the author argues, but we mistrust how language is used today--witness the "politics of personal destruction" following the Clinton impeachment. Yet Lakoff sees in the struggle over language a positive goal: equality in the creation of our national discourse. Her writing is accessible and witty, and her excerpts from the media are used to great effect.


Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

In a series of provocative, dazzlingly argued essays, Lakoff charts how the media's use of language shapes both public attitudes and social policies on current events, including the "political correctness" debate, the Anita Hill/Clarence Thomas hearings, the O.J. Simpson trial and the debate over "ebonics." A professor of linguistics at the University of California-Berkeley, she discusses how specific words and linguistic constructs have adopted political meaning--such as George Will's use of an unidentified "we" in his columns, with the presumption that all readers share his ideas and values. Lakoff shines in her careful reading of how declarative sentences paraded as questions in the Hill/Thomas hearings or of how jokes about "Hebonics" (the Jewish-American language) underlined the unspoken racism in the media's attack on ebonics. She is also especially adept in her investigation of the language used in the media to "construct" the public image of Hillary Rodham Clinton, in which she exposes how subtle changes in word usage, grammatical construction and tone have helped create multiple personas for the First Lady--from a sexually predatory monster to a contemporary Eleanor Roosevelt--to suit the emotional and psychological needs of different constituencies. Witty and illuminating, Lakoff's analysis is an important addition to both linguistic and political studies. (June)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal

Offering a linguist's view of big 1990s news stories, Lakoff (linguistics, Univ. of California, Berkeley) gives general readers insight into recent changes regarding language. She covers a range of topics (from politically correct phrases to the way news media influence events) to connect linguistics with politicsDcontributing to a trend in popular linguistics books that includes cognitive scientist Steven Pinker's latest, Words and Rules (LJ 12/99). Analyzing six news subjects (from Ebonics to the Clinton sex scandal), Lakoff applies linguistic theories and examines issues from a sociological/ political viewpoint. Overall, she successfully illustrates the importance of free speech in a democracy. Her tone is casual, and the prose is frequently laced with humor, anecdotes, and quotes from the media. For a related, more specialized treatment, look to John M. Conley and William M. O'Barr's examination of language in the operation of law in Just Words: Law, Language and Power (Univ. of Chicago, 2000). Recommended for larger public libraries.DMarianne Orme, West Lafayette, IN
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 332 pages
  • Publisher: University of California Press; 1 edition (May 22, 2000)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0520216660
  • ISBN-13: 978-0520216662
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.3 x 1.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (12 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,600,352 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

12 Reviews
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Average Customer Review
4.2 out of 5 stars (12 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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67 of 73 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars A linguist's charming look at recent political controversies, May 29, 2000
By 
This review is from: The Language War (Hardcover)
Lakoff, a Berkeley linguist, examines several recent controversies from a linguistic point of view. She has chapters on speech codes, Anita Hill, Hillary Rodham Clinton, O. J. Simpson, Ebonics, and Monicagate, but she doesn't discuss the events themselves (although her viewpoint is usually quite clear); rather, she concentrates on the national discourse on the events. Her overarching thesis is that each of these controversies is part of a language war, in which previously downtrodden groups (especially blacks and women) are trying to seize the right to define themselves away from the traditional holders of power over language (i.e., white middle-class men).

She speaks from a post-modern point of view, but much more rationally than I normally associate with the po-mo crowd. Through this book, I have developed much more sympathy for some of the underlying tenets of post-modern thought, if not for the more extreme examples that have turned post-modernism into self-parody (e.g., believing an article claiming that gravity is a social construct). Although Lakoff is somewhat out there at times, she's not too far out, and not all that often; and even when I don't agree with her, I still find myself understanding better the different sides of these very divisive issues, which in itself is a noble goal. And the book is a pure delight to read; Lakoff's style is breezy and pleasant, and she usually remembers to define linguistics jargon for her general audience. She is, however, a self-confessed unrepentant liberal, and more conservative readers may find her point-of-view somewhat hard to take.

My only quibble is that her publisher has fallen prey to the evil of endnotes; they are especially criminal in this case, where the notes are few in number but highly useful. They should have been placed at the bottom of the page, where they belong.

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21 of 21 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars The Disputed Power of Language, December 26, 2001
By 
Stephen Graham (Seattle, WA United States) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
This review is from: The Language War (Paperback)
Some events you experience directly. Most events you learn about, usually by listening to someone or by reading an account. Because of this, who tells you the story and how that person tells it is important. If you interrupt a fight between two children, you usually expect them to tell different stories about who started the fight and why. In the terms Robin Lakoff uses, multiple narrators frame the story in different ways.

Lakoff's central thesis is that many of our most recent political and social conflicts involve the use and ownership of language and discourse, often as the central point of the "war." This is immediately obvious in the chapters concerned with the history and usage of "politically correct" and speech codes and on the role of Ebonics in education. As Lakoff herself admits, her thesis is more controversial when she discusses the other topics in the book: Clarence Thomas & Anita Hill; public perception of Hillary Rodham Clinton; the O.J. Simpson Trial; and the Clinton-Lewinsky-Starr imbroglio.

Lakoff embraces a post-modernist view of language and its use: the speaker's use of language can shape perceptual reality. Words have power and who defines a word is important. As Lakoff argues, many of the assumptions underlying Standard American English derive from the views and experience of a particular constellation of economic, social and ethnic groups, primarily white and led by men. As various minority groups have become more influential or have greater access to center-stage, standing assumptions are challenged. And when the status quo changes, those who liked it react strongly.

Lakoff also reminds us that who gets to talk and ask questions and what are allowable questions and answers is an important practical concern in linguistics. Thus, when considering Hill and Thomas, she is less immediately concerned with the facts than with what questions were asked of whom and how the media and the Senate Judiciary Committee depicted those involved. The depiction of Anita Hill depended in part on a set of definitions of who women are and how they may behave, i.e., on a common understanding of English and its meaning, whether or not this matched reality.

Lakoff writes in a very clear and pleasant style. While she uses linguistic terms throughout the work, she does so in a way that does not overwhelm the non-specialist reader, but also assumes a level of intelligence and ability to learn. Her chapters form coherent wholes, incorporating sufficient background to supplement what knowledge we already have of each incident. Most readers should find something of value in Lakoff's work, even if they don't find it as compelling an argument as others.

The Language War is particularly apropos for those who read or write reviews on Amazon. Lakoff briefly discusses the reviews of It Takes a Village and the techniques used by those who didn't care for Rodham Clinton, regardless of the merit of the book.

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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A revenge fantasy for the masses!, March 4, 1999
By A Customer
Erika Lopez is a true Equal Opportunity Offender, in the ranks of Howard Stern and the Farrelly brothers (There's Something About Mary). Her humor is shriekingly, gross-out funny. I found myself screaming "EW! NO WAY!" out loud (and by myself) as I read Mad Dog. Aside from the incredible sound-bite imagery, the storyline makes you eat this whole book in one sitting. Mad Dog is a more fully realized narrative than Flaming Iguanas, showing Lopez' growth and confidence as a writer. Her artwork, as always, is gorgeous, this time geared more towards line drawings than stamp art, drawings of bodacious, Chiquita fruit bearing, thigh-weilding, pastie-wearing babes! A jilted Tomato aka Mad Dog Rodriguez is the antiheroine for anyone of any sexual proclivity who's ever indulged a revenge fantasy.
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