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Leningrad: The Epic Siege of World War II, 1941-1944 [Hardcover]

Anna Reid
4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (39 customer reviews)

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Book Description

August 30, 2011

On September 8, 1941, eleven weeks after Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, his brutal surprise attack on the Soviet Union, Leningrad was surrounded. The siege was not lifted for two and a half years, by which time some three quarters of a million Leningraders had died of starvation.


Anna Reid's Leningrad is a gripping, authoritative narrative history of this dramatic moment in the twentieth century, interwoven with indelible personal accounts of daily siege life drawn from diarists on both sides. They reveal the Nazis' deliberate decision to starve Leningrad into surrender and Hitler's messianic miscalculation, the incompetence and cruelty of the Soviet war leadership, the horrors experienced by soldiers on the front lines, and, above all, the terrible details of life in the blockaded city: the relentless search for food and water; the withering of emotions and family ties; looting, murder, and cannibalism- and at the same time, extraordinary bravery and self-sacrifice.


Stripping away decades of Soviet propaganda, and drawing on newly available diaries and government records, Leningrad also tackles a raft of unanswered questions: Was the size of the death toll as much the fault of Stalin as of Hitler? Why didn't the Germans capture the city? Why didn't it collapse into anarchy? What decided who lived and who died? Impressive in its originality and literary style, Leningrad gives voice to the dead and will rival Anthony Beevor's classic Stalingrad in its impact.


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Editorial Reviews

About the Author

Anna Reid is the author of The Shaman's Coat: A Native History of Siberia and Borderland: A Journey Through the History of the Ukraine. She holds a master degree in Russian history and reform economics from the University of London's School of Slavonic and East European Studies. She was Ukraine correspondent for The Economist and the Daily Telegraph from 1993-1995, and from 2003-2007 she ran the foreign affairs program at the think-tank Policy Exchange

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 512 pages
  • Publisher: Walker & Company; First Edition edition (August 30, 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 080271594X
  • ISBN-13: 978-0802715944
  • Product Dimensions: 9.4 x 6.5 x 1.7 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (39 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #287,201 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
68 of 74 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Spellbinding, brilliant and a tour de force ! September 10, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Anna Reid has written a shocking tale about the most murderous siege in history. In September 1941, Leningrad was surrounded for two and a half years. Though the are still arguments about the number of those who perished during this horrible episode of WW2, most experts agree that around 750000 people lost their lives during the siege, or in other words: more than a third of the city's population.
Mrs. Reid uses a lot of newly published materials, such as diaries (both Russian and German) and other documents, many from Russian archives which were hitherto closed, to show the monstrosities perpetrated by the Nazi beasts in Leningrad. After the collapse of Communism, government archives opened, giving access to internal Party memos, security service reports on crime, public opinion and the operations of various government agencies, the case files of political arrestees, and transcripts of telephone calls between Leningrad leadership and the Kremlin.
The most significant result of the siege was starvation. Hundreds of thousands died on empty stomachs. Theft and crime were rampant because of the hunger, and there were also notorious cases of cannibalism-a fact which was constantly denied by the authorities until 2004. One of the NKVD reports stated that "a mother had smothered her eighteen-month-old daughter in order to feed herself and her three older children; a twenty-six-year-old man, laid off from his tyre factory, had murdered and eaten his eighteen-year-old roommate; and unemployed plumber had killed his wife in order to feed their teenage son and nieces, hiding the remains in the Lenenergo workers' hostel".
More cases like these were reported and on 20 February 1942, the head of the Leningrad Front's medical services called a special meeting of seven senior psychiatrists to decide "whether or not corpse-eaters should be held legally responsible for their actions".
The looting of corpses and abandoned houses was rampant. Those who enjoyed 'svyazi'- a Russian word which means 'connections' or string pulling, could obtain more food that generally given to the others, following the rationing system. In many cases, people had to subsist on 125 grams of food, most of it inedible. Bureaucratic inefficiency made life even harder. Scavenging meat from corpses and the consumption of animals' meat were seen almost everywhere and in the beginning months of 1942 some 100000 peopled died each month. Leningraders resorted to most desperate food substitutes, scraping dried glue from the underside of wallpaper and boiling up shoes and belts.
Books were used in many cases as fuel and, as one survivor said:" We warm ourselves by burning memoirs and floorboards. Prose, it turns out, provides more heat than poetry. History boils the kettle to make our tea". Shrouded corpses were pulled along the streets and burnt by soldiers who dumped the dead in pits and cemeteries, however, bodies were also dumped in impromptu mass graves such as open slit trenches in parks. The physical symptoms of starvation were, among others, emaciation, dropsical swelling of the legs and face, skin discolouration, ulcers, loosening or loss of teeth and the weakening of the heart. Women stopped menstruating and sexual desire vanished. One survivor, Lidiya Ginzburg, described starvation as a sort of premature ageing combined with alienation from the body.
But this was only one part of the story. The other one tells about the Leningrad people who were not spared any of the horrors inflicted on them by the Russian authorities. In other words, the NKVD, definitely with the blessing of Stalin, started a crackdown on the Leningrad intelligentsia immediately during the siege when, by autumn 1942, more than 9500 people had been arrested for political crimes, about a third of them described as "former kulaks, tradesmen, landowners, nobles and officials. This policy commenced after the siege ended in January 1944. Many others were regarded defeatists or spies and still others were victims of the the regime's paranoia. Among those targeted were Anna Akhmatova and the satirist Mikhail Zoshchenko.
This book is both a history of mainly darkness but also of light, superbly researched and extremely well written. We can be sure that it will very soon turn into a classic of its kind.
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35 of 38 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars An overwhelming catalogue of death September 27, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Reid approaches the siege of Leningrad differently than Harrison Salisbury in his 1969 classic "900 Days." Her focus is not Stalin or Andrei Zhdanov, his designated Communist leader in the beleaguered city, or, an analysis of the German or Russian military maneuvers and strategies in the attack, or, defense of Leningrad or the inexplicable politics of the Kremlin. Her concentration is its inhabitants; scheming to merely stay alive, scrounging for morsels of food, avoiding starvation, trying not to be that white sheeted corpse on the Nevsky Prospekt, or staying out of the murderous clutches of the NKVD. The vignettes of death are palpable; the reek of rotting bodies as the Spring of 1942 approaches, the pain of hunger, permeate the pages overwhelming the reader as the months from 1941 to 1944 click by. A whole chapter is devoted to cannibalism. Relying on poignant, well written memoires and diaries, these writers' erudite evocation of the inhuman conditions of starvation and the meager life for the survivors describe life in Leningrad better than any writings now. As the pall of death overwhelms, and one starts to sense repetition, Reid smartly switches the story line interspersing diary excerpts from a German soldier so the reader can see the siege from the German side. The Russian counterattack at Myasnoi Bor is a well written departure demonstrating the absurdity of military strategy under Stalin. Respite also comes when Reid describes the books read by the starving diarists, and then mentioning that these books are burned for heat. She adds touching poetry from the City's remaining poets like Olga Berggolts and Vera Inber. Reid's research is detailed and her approach underscores her passion about this aspect of Russian history.

In Reid's concluding chapter, she unnecessarily attempts to justify her "reality" approach to the siege calling Salisbury's book "romanticized." This dismissive comment disturbs as one does not think of Salisbury's book which has stood the test of time - as an historical account of the siege - as an unreal treatment of the siege. This is really beside the point for the interested reader as the two books are different in approach, scope and style. A reader of Russian history will find this book a welcome addition to one's reading.
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16 of 17 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars The current gold standard January 5, 2012
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Anna Reid's new history of what may be the most horrific chapter of the bloodiest theater of World War Two is a welcome addition to a body of literature that up to 1969 had been terra incognita West of the Iron Curtain. Near the height of the Cold War, New York Times journalist Harrison Salisbury presented readers with a monumental study of the Nazi blockade of the USSR's second largest city: the longest siege since biblical times. From the autumn of 1941 into 1944, Czar Peter the Great's "Paris of the North" was routinely bombed and shelled by the Germans. From 1941 to 1943 thousands of inhabitants perished from starvation thanks to a combination of German policy and Communist corruption and incompetence.

Since Russia in 1969 was still a totalitarian state where the ruling Communists had a vested interest in perpetuating the myth of their heroic leadership in the struggle against the cruel invader, Salisbury deserves enormous credit for getting out the basics of the story. His narration is as compelling as that of any great novel and he makes an excellent case of how close The USSR came to losing the war thanks to the incompetence of Kremlin military leadership.

His biggest failure, and Reid's biggest strength, is the starvation winter phase of the struggle. From 1941 to 1943, Leningrad had neither road nor rail contact with the rest of unoccupied Russia except for the tenuous links provided by Lake Ladoga. Between 750,000 and two million people perished over that period. Salisbury suggested that this tragedy was at least semi inevitable. Reid makes a convincing, and damning, case that a combination of monumental incompetence and the corruption of the city's Communist leaders made a bad situation far worse than it had to be.

The difficulties that face a would be historian of this tragic period are underlined by the ongoing debate over precisely how many people died over the course of the siege. Official, Communist, claims of between 600,000 and 700,000 almost certainly understate the toll. Salisbury's guesstimate of a million and a half souls is probably closer to the truth although critics of the supposed road to life over Lake Ladoga suggest that the wildly inflated claims of successful civilian evacuations over the ice make a toll of two million (or two thirds of the city's refugee swollen population) not beyond the realm of possibility.

Anyone who has a compelling interest in the period would do well to read both Salisbury and Reid (although the food distribution issue is by no means Salisbury's only error).

Someone who's looking for a readable and accurate account of Saint Petersburg's greatest ordeal can safely stick to the current work, however.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
4.0 out of 5 stars Harrowing account of this epic historical event
I'm currently living in Central Europe and have become fascinated by the human drama surrounding World War II. Read more
Published 3 days ago by Steven K McAllister
5.0 out of 5 stars Good reading of a disturbing story
I have read "900 days" by Harrison Salisbury. This is an excellent update to this story which reflects new source materials. Read more
Published 1 month ago by Michael C. Graves
5.0 out of 5 stars Great Book: Instant Classic..
My review of a BBC movie that gave a sympathetic hearing to the Nazi descendants was/is greeted by racist rants and stupid remarks by few uneducated Americans ( particularly by a... Read more
Published 1 month ago by Prabal Guha Biswas
5.0 out of 5 stars A Riveting Account in the Leningraders Own Words!
When I pick up a book, I cannot resist looking at all the photos first. The pictures here prepare you. Read more
Published 1 month ago by Happy Reader
4.0 out of 5 stars A good book with an excellent writing style
It is a really good book with an easy,flowing writing style.

While it is the first that i read,on the subject, i particularly liked the survivors testimonies and how... Read more
Published 1 month ago by Pink Barbouni
5.0 out of 5 stars Well Written
Well written compilation of the Leningrad siege. Anyone interested in The Great Patriotic War and the hardships endured by the Russian people will like this book.
Published 1 month ago by gpa
2.0 out of 5 stars not what i expected
mostly dealt with the armies manuevers and attacks and not enough accounts from the victims. did not enjoy it at all.
Published 2 months ago by penni randolph
5.0 out of 5 stars A good reference to what happened in World War II in the Soviet Union
For a more concise history of Leningrad during the world from eye witness accounts. It is unfortunate the the Soviiets supress much of what had happened at this city.
Published 2 months ago by Lee Jensen
5.0 out of 5 stars a splendid sense of time and place
A moving, rigorous, engrossing book covering one of the more momentous sieges in WWII - and perhaps in history. Read more
Published 2 months ago by tracypyper
5.0 out of 5 stars kindle edition review
The siege of Leningrad was a long ordeal, and the author does a good job of mentioning the events inside the city. Read more
Published 3 months ago by benark
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