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Lincoln's Generals (Gettysburg Civil War Institute Books) [Hardcover]

Gabor S. Boritt (Editor, Contributor), Stephen W. Sears (Contributor), Mark E. Neely Jr (Contributor), Michael Fellman (Contributor), John Y. Simon (Contributor)
3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)


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Book Description

September 29, 1994 0195085051 978-0195085051 1st Printing
From the moment the battle ended, Gettysburg was hailed as one of the greatest triumphs of the Union army. Celebrations erupted across the North as a grateful people cheered the victory. But Gabor Boritt turns our attention away from the rejoicing millions to the dark mood of the White House--where Lincoln cried in frustration as General Meade let the largest Confederate army escape safely into Virginia. Such unexpected portraits abound in Lincoln's Generals, as a team of distinguished historians probes beyond the popular anecdotes and conventional wisdom to offer a fascinating look at Lincoln's relationship with his commanders.
In Lincoln's Generals, Boritt and his fellow contributors examine the interaction between the president and five key generals: McClellan, Hooker, Meade, Sherman, and Grant. In each chapter, the authors provide new insight into this mixed bag of officers and the president's tireless efforts to work with them. Even Lincoln's choice of generals was not as ill-starred as we think, writes Pulitzer Prize-winner Mark E. Neely, Jr.: compared to most Victorian-era heads of state, he had a fine record of selecting commanders (for example, the contemporary British gave us such bywords for incompetence as "the charge of the Light Brigade," while Napoleon III managed to lose the entire French army). But the president's relationship with his generals was never easy. In these pages, Stephen Sears underscores McClellan's perverse obstinancy as Lincoln tried everything to drive him ahead. Neely sheds new light on the president's relationship with Hooker, arguing that he was wrong to push the general to attack at Chancellorsville. Boritt writes about Lincoln's prickly relationship with the victor of Gettysburg, "old snapping turtle" George Meade. Michael Fellman reveals the political stress between the White House and William T. Sherman, a staunch conservative who did not want blacks in his army but who was crucial to the war effort. And John Y. Simon looks past the legendary camaraderie between Lincoln and Grant to reveal the tensions in their relationship.
Perhaps no other episode has been more pivotal in the nation's history than the Civil War--and yet so much of these massive events turned on a few distinctive personalities. Lincoln's Generals is a brilliant portrait that takes us inside the individual relationships that shaped the course of our most costly war.

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Editorial Reviews

From School Library Journal

YA?A collection of five essays presented at the 1993 Gettysburg Civil War Institute. The first three consider and measure Lincoln's skill as a military strategist, including his frustration with his generals' lack of aggressive, offensive attacks and his final decision to remove McClellan, Hooker, and Meade from command. Stephen Sears's essay depicts McClellan as a complex, talented man who delivered a very flawed performance as Commander of the Army of the Potomac. The influence of the political situation on him and the president is discussed. Michael Fellman emphasizes Sherman's differences with Lincoln in personality and in attitudes toward slavery, blacks in the military, and the Union's approach to reconstruction of the defeated Confederate states after the war. These lucid essays will serve as excellent resources on any of the men under discussion.?Clodagh Lee, Pohick Regional Library, Burke, VA
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Booklist

If you live near Gettysburg, as does editor Boritt, you write about Father Abraham and commission others to do likewise, piling ever higher the interpretive literature on the savior of the Union. So much of that pile is dross, but thankfully, as with this set of five essays, some is golden. The subjects are McClellan, Hooker, Meade, Sherman, and Grant; the interpreters, Stephen Sears and Mark McNeely (both top-notch Civil War historians) plus three lesser but no less concise lights in the field. Overall, these authors refine, rather than define anew, the standard perceptions about the generals' relationship with their commander. As a long bibliographic essay hints, the writers are sitting atop evolving interpretations of, for example, the Little Napoleon's "slows," the blame for the Chancellorsville defeat, why Meade didn't "bag" Lee after the Gettysburg battle, and the secret to Grant's success. That success came from eschewing politics, according the author John Simon, a lesson Sherman didn't heed (which maybe explains his contempt for politicians). Yup, in one way or another, all five officers learned who was boss. Gilbert Taylor

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 248 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 1st Printing edition (September 29, 1994)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0195085051
  • ISBN-13: 978-0195085051
  • Product Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.6 x 1.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 10.4 ounces
  • Average Customer Review: 3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,170,135 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

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Average Customer Review
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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:
3.0 out of 5 stars Useful, but not pathbreaking, January 2, 2010
By 
Steven A. Peterson (Hershey, PA (Born in Kewanee, IL)) - See all my reviews
(VINE VOICE)    (TOP 500 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   
The editor, Gabor Boritt, notes what this book is about in his introductory remarks (Page xv): "This book takes a hard look at the interaction of five leading generals with their Civil War commander-in-chief." The five? George McClellan, Joseph Hooker, George Meade, William Sherman, and Ulysses Grant.

The first chapter looks at the relationship between George McClellan and Lincoln, and is written by Stephen Sears. The chapter notes the rather strange relationship, as Lincoln needed to get up to speed in his role as commander-in-chief. He had a strange relationship with McClellan, whose psychological quirks did not help him. McClellan did not perform well as a field general and was, in the end, fired.

Joseph Hooker? He was an intriguer and a good division and even corps commander. As an army commander? He did not succeed at Chancellorsville. The chapter by Mark Neely described the pressure from Lincoln for aggressive action and the problems facing Hooker in being aggressive. The third chapter explores the relationship between Lincoln and Meade, and is written by the editor himself. Lincoln's desire for an aggressive attack on Robert E. Lee's retreating forces created a tension between Lincoln and Meade. Boritt believes that, in fact, Lincoln was right, but that Meade was a cautious soldier. There follow chapters on Lincoln's relationship with Sherman and Grant.

This is an interesting look at Lincoln's relationship with some of his commanding generals. People who have read deeply on the Civil War may not find much that is new here. People who want to get a sense of the players and their interactions would probably find this book helpful. Like all edited volumes, there is some unevenness. In the end, though, a useful volume.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Good history never ages, August 26, 2010
This review is from: Lincoln's Generals (Paperback)
McClellan, Hooker, Meade, Sherman and Grant are some of the best-known Civil War generals. All had to work with Lincoln, most of them had a hard time doing so. Lincoln as Commander-in-Chief is one of the most durable stories of the Civil War. This book is a look at Lincoln's relationship with five of the most important generals.
Lincoln and McClellan by Stephen W. Sears, is an excellent statement of his position. Sears judged Mac and found him wanting. This 50-page essay details his reasons. While there is nothing new in this essay, it is an excellent concise argument for his position. For those following the ideas of Harsh, Rafuse or Beatie this is a valuable refresher.
Wilderness and the Cult of Manliness: Hooker, Lincoln and Defeat by Mark E. Neely, Jr. is a unique look at Fighting Joe. This is as much a look at the expectations of the era as a look at their relationship. I found this to be the best essay and the most thought provoking.
`Unfinished Work': Lincoln, Meade, and Gettysburg by Gabor S. Boritt is badly dated. When written in 1994, this was the standard historical view of Meade at Gettysburg. In the last five to ten years, historians are reevaluating this view and Lincoln's expectations. The author is unduly harsh in his appraisal of Meade's conduct from Gettysburg to the end of the war. It is a valuable look at how history can grow and change.
Lincoln and Sherman by Michael Fellman is a unique essay centering on the question of race. Sherman held a very standard view of the capabilities of Afro-Americans and refused to change. Lincoln went through a learning process as he moved toward emancipation and accepting Black soldiers. This is a look at that clash of ideas and of wills between two men that needed the other, when neither could gain the upper hand.
Grant, Lincoln, and Unconditional Surrender by John Y. Simon is a very different look at the relationship. The author's idea is that Lincoln both feared Grant politically and closely watched him militarily. This is less a relaxed working relationship built on trust as wary Lincoln keeping close tabs on Grant. While not entirely satisfactory in presentation, this raises some interesting questions.
This is well worth reading. While in its' teens, good history never grows old. There are new ideas, discredited ideas and some very good ideas. All of them are worth thinking about and fun reading.
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3 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent series of essays., February 21, 2009
Gabor S. Boritt is the Director of the Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College and this collection of five essays is a great addition to any well-read student of the Civil War.

The essays are:

-"Lincoln and McClellan" by Stephen W. Sears

-"Wilderness and the Cult of Manliness: Hooker, Lincoln and Defeat" by Mark E. Neely, Jr.

-"'Unfinished Work': Lincoln, Meade, and Gettysburg'" by Gabor S. Boritt

-"Lincoln and Sherman" by Michael Fellman

-"Grant, Lincoln, and Unconditional Surrender" by John Y. Simon

It also includes extensive endnotes and a suggestion for further reading written by each of the authors with commentary on the sources they used.

This is not a book for the beginning Civil War learner. The authors assume the reader is well-versed in the personalities involved. The essays are well-written and I learned some new things (I have nearly 100 books on the Civil War on my shelf), such as that Grant considered bringing McClellan back to lead an army in 1864.

Ironically, the worst of the bunch is written by Pulitzer Prize winner Mark E. Neely, Jr. It felt like it was edited from a much larger work. That being said, the overall quality is very high.

Highly recommended.
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First Sentence:
ON OCTOBER 29, 1985, A TUESDAY, a dozen or so self-described "Civil War buffs and historians" assembled on Connecticut Avenue at California Street in Washington. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
black recruitment, black troops
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Army of the Potomac, White House, Abraham Lincoln, United States, New York, West Point, General Meade, John Sherman, Army of Northern Virginia, Fort Monroe, President Lincoln, City Point, General Scott, Joe Johnston, Joseph Hooker, War Department, John Hay, Jefferson Davis, Fort Sumter, James River, Lorenzo Thomas, New Orleans, Stonewall Jackson, Winfield Scott, Army of the James
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