The 36th Iowa was deployed at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas, where it saw its first battle in July 1863; in the abortive attempt on Vicksburg in 1863; and in Steele's successful campaign at Little Rock in 1863. William returned home to recruit new volunteers in 1864 (the 36th had the eighth-highest fatality rate from disease of all the Iowa regiments); he was away when his compatriots were defeated at the Battle of Marks' Mills, Arkansas, during which the regiment suffered so many casualties that they returned to garrison for the rest of the war.
At times during the war Mary Vermilion lived with William's parents in Indiana, and the contrast between attitudes toward slavery, African Americans, and secession in Iowa and Indiana adds a good deal of drama to their letters—attitudes in Iowa were not always ideal, but Indiana's were much worse. This additional tension reveals much about the damage suffered by families and communities both north and south. Taken altogether these letters remind us that battles are fought both at home and on the Weld during wartime and that a strong devotion to such a cause as abolition can allow couples to endure years of separation.
