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Madison and Jefferson [Hardcover]

Andrew Burstein , Nancy Isenberg
4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (44 customer reviews)

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Book Description

September 28, 2010
A WATERSHED ACCOUNT OF THE MOST IMPORTANT POLITICAL FRIENDSHIP IN AMERICAN HISTORY
 
In Madison and Jefferson, esteemed historians Andrew Burstein and Nancy Isenberg join forces to reveal the crucial partnership of two extraordinary founders, creating a superb dual biography that is a thrilling and unprecedented account of early America.

The third and fourth presidents have long been considered proper and noble gentlemen, with Thomas Jefferson’s genius overshadowing James Madison’s judgment and common sense. But in this revelatory book, both leaders are seen as men of their times, ruthless and hardboiled operatives in a gritty world of primal politics where they struggled for supremacy for more than fifty years.

In most histories, the elder figure, Jefferson, looms larger. Yet Madison is privileged in this book’s title because, as Burstein and Isenberg reveal, he was the senior partner at key moments in the formation of the two-party system. It was Madison who did the most to initiate George Washington’s presidency while Jefferson was in France in the role of diplomat. So often described as shy, the Madison of this account is quite assertive. Yet he regularly escapes bad press, while Jefferson’s daring pen earns him a nearly constant barrage of partisan attacks.
 
In Madison and Jefferson we see the two as privileged young men in a land marked by tribal identities rather than a united national personality. They were raised to always ask first: “How will this play in Virginia?” Burstein and Isenberg powerfully capture Madison’s secret canny role—he acted in effect as a campaign manager—in Jefferson’s career. In riveting detail, the authors chart the courses of two very different presidencies: Jefferson’s driven by force of personality, Madison’s sustained by a militancy that history has been reluctant to ascribe to him.

The aggressive expansionism of the presidents has long been underplayed, but it’s noteworthy that even after the Louisiana Purchase more than doubled U.S. territory, the pair contrived to purchase Cuba and, for years, looked for ways to conquer Canada. In these and other issues, what they said in private and wrote anonymously was often more influential than what they signed their names to.

Supported by a wealth of original sources—newspapers, letters, diaries, pamphlets—Madison and Jefferson is a stunning new look at a remarkable duo who arguably did more than all the others in their generation to set the course of American political development. It untangles a rich legacy, explaining how history made Jefferson into a national icon, leaving Madison a relative unknown. It tells nasty truths about the conduct of politics when America was young and reintroduces us to colorful personalities, once famous and now obscure, who influenced and were influenced by the two revolutionary actors around whom this story turns. As an intense narrative of high-stakes competition, Madison and Jefferson exposes the beating heart of a rowdy republic in its first fifty years, while giving more than a few clues as to why we are a politically divided nation today.
 

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Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

James Madison and Thomas Jefferson are both in the pantheon of Founding Fathers, but Madison is frequently relegated to the second tier. He is often described as Jefferson’s protégée and “faithful lieutenant” and credited primarily with his role in the formation and ratification of the Constitution rather than achievements during his presidency. This extensive and well-researched examination of their relationship spanning 50 years paints a more nuanced and often surprising portrait of both men. The authors, both history professors, succeed in removing their subjects from their pedestals without diminishing their brilliance or importance. Both Madison and Jefferson were intense political animals in politically turbulent times. In his conflicts with Federalists, Jefferson used surrogates to engage in “dirty tricks,” while seeming to remain above the fray. Madison was much more than a “policy wonk.” He was an effective and tough legislator at both the state and federal levels; also, he did not shrink from opposing Jefferson’s policies when he disagreed with them. This is an important reappraisal of a critical partnership that shaped our early republic. --Jay Freeman

Review

“[A] satisfyingly rich dual biography [that] promotes Madison from junior partner to full-fledged colleague of the 'more magnetic' Jefferson…An important, thoughtful, and gracefully written political history from the viewpoint of the young nation's two most intellectual founding fathers.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review)

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 848 pages
  • Publisher: Random House; 1 edition (September 28, 2010)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1400067286
  • ISBN-13: 978-1400067282
  • Product Dimensions: 6.5 x 1.9 x 9.5 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (44 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #273,313 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
62 of 67 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars The True Complexity of the Past September 11, 2010
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
Dedicated aptly to those who appreciate the "true complexity of the past" Adndrew Burstein's and Nancy Isenberg's sprawling dual biography of over 650 pages of text and an additional 100 pages of notes and bibliography, "Madison and Jefferson" has the virtue of showing the difficult, multi-faceted character of historical study. The book resists the temptation of single-aspect historical explanation. The more one looks, the harder explanation becomes, to paraphrase the authors in their Preface. The book has two subjects and two authors. Burstein and Isenberg are the former coholders of the Mary Frances Barnard Chair in nineteent-Century U.S. History at the University of Tulsa. They are now, respectively, Manship Professor of history and professor of history at Louisiana State University. Isenberg is the author of a well-received revisionist biography of Aaron Burr, "Fallen Founder" Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr while Burstein has written previously on JeffersonJefferson's Secrets: Death and Desire at Monticello, Andrew Jackson, and other subjects in early American history. There is a degree of repetition in this lengthy study probably resulting from the dual authorship.

The book examines the friendship and relationship between the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson (1743 -- 1826) and the fourth president, James Madison (1751 -- 1836) during the course of over 50 years. The book has a number of aims which, in addition to its length and the complexity of its subject give it a polemical, disjointed character in places. It is a serious historical work but also has some of the unfortunate characteristics of an attempted blockbuster.

In tracing the interrelated careers of Madision and Jefferson, the book tries to rescue Madision from his position of relative obscurity and subordination to his more flamboyant, better-known colleague. The book has the commendable aim of making Madison better known. It separates his accomplishments from those of Jefferson by showing how the two founders had different perspectives, characters, and aims, how the frequently disagreed, and how Madison's accomplishments over the years, and his political skill as a legislatior and president were as important to the early United States as those of Jefferson. In focusing on Madision the politician, the book takes away to a degree from Madision's accomplishments at the Constitutional Convention (the author's deny that Madison is entitled to the title "Father of the Constitution"). The authors also tend to understate the importance of the "Federalist Papers" which Madison coauthored with his later political foe, Alexander Hamilton.

The book attempts to do substantially more than explore the long-term relationship between Madision and Jefferson. The book is written with the aim of changing how Americans view these individuals and the rest of the founders. The tone is set in the first sentence of the book which describes Madison and Jefferson as "country gentlemen who practiced hardball politics in a time of intolerance." The authors attempt to remove Madison and Jefferson from what they perceive as their current status as iconic heroes and to see them as politicians in a harsh, challenging age. The book is skeptical and somewhat deflationary. Madison and Jefferson must be understood, first and foremost, according to the book, as the products of the plantations in the Tidewater area of Virgina in which they were raised and to which they always owed their first allegiance. Throughout their political careers, Madison and Jefferson did and wrote nothing without first asking the question, "How will it play in Virginia." Their actions and political philosophies were geared to maintaining the primacy of Virginia among the colonies and then among the states. They did so, the book maintains, by promoting Westward expansion of the new nation for the purposes of increasing agricultural settlement by free farmers, and by defending the southern institution of slavery. More broadly, the aim of the book is to strip the generation of the founders from the sentimentality which, in the view of the authors, it still enjoys among too many people. The Revolution, its rhetoric to one side, did not promote equality among all but simply substituted the American elite, including Madison and Jefferson in Virginia and the commercial elite further North, from the ruling class of Great Britain.

In three lengthy parts, subdivided into chapters and subsections, the authors discuss Madison and Jefferson in the broader context of the revolutionary era. The first part "A Time of Blood and Fortune" covers 1774 -- 1789 and considers the Declaration of Independence, early colonial Virginia, the Revolution, and the Constitution, concluding with the Bill of Rights and the early days of Washington's presidency.

The second pat, "The Pathological Decade and Beyond" covers the years 1790 -- 1802, including most of Washington's presidency and that of John Adams. It deals with the early days of the Republic and the conflict between Hamilton and Madison, originally, and Hamilton and Jefferson when the latter became Secretary of State. The theme is the beginning of party politics which was, indeed, nasty and personal during the 1790s. The part ends with Jefferson's election to the presidency in 1800 and westward expansion with the Louisiana Purchase.

The third part "Signs of a Restless Future", covers 1803 -- 1836 and discusses the eventuful latter part of Jefferson's presidency and his vindictiveness against Justice Samuel Chase and Aaron Burr. It proceeds to the events which led to the nearly disastrous War of 1812 during Madison's presidency. Madison distanced himself, eventually from his predecessor in rechartering the Bank of the United States, which both had earlier opposed, and in strengthening the Nation's defenses and expanding its budget in an unJeferrsonian way. The final sections of this chapter consider the retirement of the two ex-Presidents, their continued friendship and political activity and their efforts, especially those of Jefferson, to shape how the revolutionary generation would be viewed by posterity. The book concludes with a rambling epilogue "Thawing Out the Historical Imagination" in which the author's try, with limited success, to tie together the many threads of their narrative.

There is much to be learned from this study. Among the values of the book, it shows that history must be learned slowly, with caution, over time, and from many sources. It is all to easy to extrapolate from the present to the past, a course which does not allow the past to speak in its own difficult, different voice for the lessons it may have. The problem with this book is that the authors overestimate their own originality, resulting in an irreverant tone not only to the era they consider but to prior students of the era. The authors view their skeptical, political approach to the era as an antidote to the tendency to idealize. But their deflationary tone is more part of the current temper than a critique of it. It seems to me that Americans are less guilty of idealizing their history and the founding generation than of ignorance of and lack of interest in it. This book is unlikely to make much impact on those who are apathetic about American history because its appeal will be largely to those readers who have a background and interest in the subject. For these readers, the skepticism and polemics in the book is overdone and probably all too unnecessary. This book is still a valuable contribution to understanding Madison, Jefferson, and early American history.

Robin Friedman
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20 of 20 people found the following review helpful
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
I enjoyed this dual biography, even though I'm not at all a "history buff". It is quite a long book, but almost always interesting and well written, and I learned quite a bit about our forefathers.

The book is entitled "Madison and Jefferson" specifically because it is an attempt to restore Madison to his rightful place in history. Although the more outgoing Jefferson is far better known to most people, the authors feel that the more low-key Madison was equally as influential to our history.

The book tells the story of the political relationship, as well as the friendship between our 3rd and 4th Presidents. It does a good job of delving into their different personalities, and showing the men behind the people we now see as almost deities. You learn that these men who did so much toward establishing the country we live in (with The Constitution, the Federalist Papers, etc.), were also very human, with frailties, weaknesses, greed and thirst for power. It does much of the same for George Washington, and other early founders of these United States.

I was afraid that I would find this a boring history book, but I didn't. The book merges history with biography nicely, and while I did learn quite a bit, it was engrossing as well. I learned how important the State of Virginia (where both men were from), was to these men, as well as to the decisions that were made by these early Politicians.

I found it interesting, and somewhat reassuring that the game of Politics really hasn't changed as much as most of us think it has, and that these men that we admire so much were still Politicians as much as they were human beings.

I would recommend this book to anyone - whether you are a history novice like I am, or a history buff - there is a LOT of information in this book, and it is presented in a style of writing that can be enjoyed by anyone.
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24 of 25 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars The basic humanity of both men is revealed September 12, 2010
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
Many people look back at the leaders that drove the American Revolution and then wrote the American constitution and think of them in a deistic manner. There is a modern political movement that demands a shift back to the "purity" of those times when the founding fathers put country ahead of ambition and personal advancement. This mode of thought completely dismisses the fact that those leaders were men that were at times irrational, uncertain and even greedy for wealth and power.
James Madison and Thomas Jefferson were two men that were key in the creation of the United States, Jefferson considered the author of the Declaration of Independence and Madison the father of the constitution. They were also close friends and were the two principal founders of the Democratic-Republican Party that was in opposition to the Federalists of Alexander Hamilton. Although they occasionally disagreed the two men had a strong bond between them, while they were Americans, that characteristic was often secondary to their bond of being fellow Virginians.
Despite their triumphs, they were both subject to the usual human weaknesses, which is the most interesting part of this book. As a history buff, I was well aware of their major accomplishments but what made this book riveting were the revelations of how they often let their humanity overpower their intellect. Another key to the significance of the book is the descriptions of how brutal the early political climate was in the United States. It was very fortunate for the country that George Washington was held in such high esteem and that he was willing to serve two terms as the first president. Those eight years that he spent in office were years were the country was solidified despite the significant differences between the regions.
An additional theme that recurs throughout is the issue of slavery and the views that Jefferson and Madison had of it. Both possessed a fundamental dislike of slavery yet could conceive of no plan to phase it out. In the end, both rationalized it, accepting it as necessary now and that it would perhaps gradually be rendered untenable. The pragmatic Madison seemed willing to treat free blacks as equals yet the idealistic Jefferson considered them intellectually and morally inferior.
There is no question that Madison and Jefferson were great men, intellectually and politically. In this book you are taken beyond that greatness into their thoughts and actions that were the fundamental undercurrents of their lives and do not often make it into the history books.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
5.0 out of 5 stars Good book on good friends and colleagues!
I have read many books on each man but this is the first work that deals with both. It makes sense to write about both in one book because these two men were personal friends,... Read more
Published 10 days ago by Kay S. Walsh
5.0 out of 5 stars Relieves some of that collegiality we assume
Fascinating book, enlightens on the tensions and competing interests present in the early days of the USofA. Read more
Published 1 month ago by M. Goff
2.0 out of 5 stars So much potential, unfilled
I really, really wanted to like this book.

One of the hardest nuts to crack in any examination of the founding generation is the extent to which politics, as we... Read more
Published 3 months ago by Jim McCabe
4.0 out of 5 stars shows the transformation from revolutionary idealists to practical...
So much is written about revolutionary leaders during the revolutionary period, but this book focuses specifically on the relationship between Jefferson and Madison and how they... Read more
Published 8 months ago by Carol C.
3.0 out of 5 stars An Aggressive Tome
This is indeed a well-researched book, and the authors clearly love their work and their subjects. I consider myself a history buff, but I was humbled by this book. Read more
Published 11 months ago by XCreader
5.0 out of 5 stars Worth the Dig
This book is not a light read. But it exposes the roots of how good research is conducted and accurate biography is written. Read more
Published 12 months ago by Randy Sales
3.0 out of 5 stars Detailed, well researched friendship between Madison and Jefferson
Overall:
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The book is a very well researched description of the friendship between Madison and Jefferson. Read more
Published 16 months ago by L. C Glover
5.0 out of 5 stars Superb Dual Biography
It has taken me a long time to read this book, but not due to lack of interest. Conversely, I didn't want to rush it, because Andrew Burnstein and Nancy Isenberg didn't race... Read more
Published 17 months ago by Cheryl C. Malandrinos
2.0 out of 5 stars Unfocused
The main problem with this book is lack of focus. The author's take a scattershot approach that makes the book a tedious and unfocused read. Read more
Published 20 months ago by Matthew Smith
5.0 out of 5 stars Oustanding portrayal of partnership
Pundits and politicians alike (both liberal and conservative) seem to delight in talking about the original intent of the Founding Fathers of this great country of ours. Read more
Published 22 months ago by Michael Meredith
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