I found this gem in a West Coast airport. I bought it partly because I have spent 20 years "selling" governments on the idea of doing more with unclassified sources and less with expensive secrets that capture only 4% of the relevant information, and partly because when I role play the well-intentioned but largely hand-cuffed Director of National Intelligence (DNI), I see a real inability to make real change when allowing "business as usual" practices to continue.
This book is tremendous. It is coherent, well-presented, with great illustrations, and a superb "reality check" section that the DNI or any other Cabinet leader or non-governmental or corporate or state executive would do well to adopt.
The bottom line: any "sale," whether from an external or internal source, is ultimately about making change; about changing what has been done and how it has been done since time immemorial.
Second bottom line: virtually every customer lacks the high-quality internal decision-process for diagnostics, surveying of what the options are, or evaluating tradeoffs, and once chosen, the customer needs help in implementing any complex solution because this will require internal change that the entire customer's enterprise will resist.
The book opens with a brief summary of the three Eras of sales:
Era 1: follow a sales script, be persuasive, sell and move on
Era 2: listen, develop a relationship, be a problem solver, win-win
Era 3: serve as source of business advantage, be a strategist, nurture the missing decision process and cast of characters within the customer's enterprise, and be ready to implement, measure, and report results
I like the author's emphasis on the fact that win-win is not about selling a product, but rather about helping the customer create a process that leads to greater performance and hence greater profit or impact. In this context, I see real value for any vendor that is willing to step back from their "single point technology solution" and actually offer up a range of best in class offerings that can be integrated seamlessly and do not require "one contractor per laptop" to be effective.
The author stresses that in complex environments, implementing innovation that produces new value is the winning combination.
He points out that complex sales involve:
1) Large financial investments
2) Long sales cycles
3) Multiple decisions at multiple levels in the client organization
As I noted the last point I recollected my participation in the CIA's Mid-Career Course (Class 101, 1986) and the attempts then to create a "one agency culture." These attempts failed, and the current DNI is also failing, in part because we hire, train, and promote according to over 100 different systems--we do not train together, we do not work together, and who we promote has little to do with performance in part because there are no metrics for *outcomes*.
I like the author's illustration and discussion of how to build a bridge to change with diagnostics, which includes the following:
Customer's Business Objectives
Critical Success Factors
Job Responsibilities
Worry List
Indicators
Causes
Consequences
Expectations
Solutions
Wow. Imagine if the US Government saw itself working in this manner!
The author stresses that in complex decisions commoditization is not helpful because one size does not fit all, but at the same time, the customers simply do not have the foundation, process, or insights needed to get it right. I certainly found this to be true in government, where Contracting Officer's Technical Representatives (COTR), with a handful of exceptions, have not been able to do functional requirements surveys nor write Statements of Work (SOW) since the 1980's.
The author recommends a focus on customers in pain, because pain drives the willingness to change, and that, combined with the diagnosis, drives the sale and the willingness to implement change. As I write this I think to myself that the worst thing we could have done for intelligence reform was to increase the budget from $30 billion a year to $60 billion a year--not only is the secret world not feeling any pain, they are not being asked to account for *outcomes* that are all too meaningless--for example, no one is being held accountable for the fact that we still do not have a consolidated terrorism watch list, and the one we do have has over 750,000 names, at least half of which are false positives.
The author warns against providing unpaid consulting (stop at diagnostics--the client has to pay for devising solutions); for creeping elegance (the perennial lure of adding bells and whistles that are both unaffordable, and that will not be used to full effect--one estimate says that employees use less than 20% of existing desktop software capabilities); and of growing resistance inside the customer's enterprise if the needed changes are not explained step by step from day one.
From page 176 forward the author asks and discusses 12 questions. Here
1. What is our company all about?
2. Who are the customers we serve?
3. How do we develop new business?
4. What is our diagnostic engagement protocol?
5. What is our personal business plan?
6. What are our solutions?
7. Can we develop new business?
8. Can you diagnose the customer's situation?
9. Can you determine the cost of the problem?
10: Are you perceived as a creative problem solver by your customers?
11: Can you propose an effective solution?
12. Can you effectively present a proposal?
This is a great book, helpful to those who both sell and buy in a complex environment. The Earth is the most complex environment we have, and this book helped me think about how to help the United Nations, the Foundations, and the non-violent side of the Pentagon (the folks that now understand we must Wage Peace) come together.
A few other books that complement this one:
The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful GrowthGet Back in the Box: How Being Great at What You Do Is Great for BusinessCorporate Creativity: How Innovation & Improvement Actually HappenThe Change Handbook: The Definitive Resource on Today's Best Methods for Engaging Whole SystemsInvesting in Innovation: Creating a Research and Innovation Policy That WorksWellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of InnovationTransformational ChangePath of Least Resistance: Learning to Become the Creative Force in Your Own LifeInnovation Happens Elsewhere: Open Source as Business StrategyOrbiting the Giant Hairball: A Corporate Fool's Guide to Surviving with Grace