This is the first English-language collection of Mendeleev's most important writings on the periodic law. Thirteen papers and essays reflect the era corresponding to the initial establishment of the periodic law, the priority disputes and experimental confirmations, and the ultimate acceptance for the law and increasing international recognition for Mendeleev.
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The Discoverer (Co-Discoverer?) of the Periodic Law and One of the Main Architects of the Periodic Table of Elements,
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This review is from: Mendeleev on the Periodic Law: Selected Writings, 1869 - 1905 (Dover Books on Chemistry) (Paperback)
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907) was and still is a Chemical underdog due to lack of interest in translating his works and ignorance of his contributions. Some of his important contributions to the Periodic Law and thus the Periodic Table can be found in this book via an actual research paper or essay or section of either one. There are 13 total in this selection, but it does set the stage from initial conjecture to testing to acceptance of the Periodic Law and the organization and evaluation of the Elements.
Here is the List of Papers or Essays and few topics discussed in this book (more topics than what I write are found in the book): "On the Relation of the Properties to the Atomic Weights of the Elements" (1869) Mendeleev's first Periodic Table is discussed; observations on the abundance or scarcity of elements with different weights; atomic weights determine properties of the element; one can predict the discovery of unknown elements; corrections that need to be made concerning atomic weights; his Periodic Law is introduced here for the first time "On the Correlation Between the Properties of the Elements and Their Atomic Weights" (1869) Physical differences (metallic or non-metallic) are not a good criterion to use when classifying the elements; optical behavior or general behavior or electrochemical behavior are not good criteria for organizing the elements; using valences as criterion is risky and very much uncertain, but Chemists moving in that direction; difficulties with atomic weights, but atomic weights can and should be used as a good criterion; column divisions by atomic weights; atomic weights correspond to valences in uniqueness; common behaviors occur between similar weighted elements ; atomic weights determine character of the elements; unknown elements may be predicted "On the Periodic Regularity of Chemical Elements" (1871) Elemental or fundamental properties and chemical properties are different; the work of Avogadro, Ampere, Regnault, Rose, and others has secured that atomic weights will not change ever; difficulties at the time for chemists to compare elements with different atomic weights; nature of the Periodic Law; modern rows of the Periodic Table begin to emerge and common behaviors are noted; properties seem dependent on atomic weights; reorganized Periodic Tables discussed; Periodic Law applied to determine atomic weights of little-known elements; Periodic Law to be used to determine the properties of yet undiscovered elements; elements were missing and formed gaps in the table but were supposed to have very distinct properties; Periodic Law used to correct atomic weights; differences in atomic weights also increase in a near linear fashion; Principle of Substitution; Principle of Limits; Periodic Principle "On the Question Concerning the System of Elements" (1871) Mendeleev defends his system as more special than previous attempts by other who used similar criteria as his system requires; atomic weights emphasized "On the Application of the Periodic Law to the Cerite Metals: A Reply" (1873) Whether or not some atomic weights need to be corrected; comparison to Rammelsberg's data; discourse on salts "Remarks Concerning the Discovery of Gallium" (1875) What the Periodic Law does; Gallium discovered via a method of spectrum analysis; this new metal is eka-aluminum; if properties of Gallium are further studied it could further support the Periodic Law as a useful tool for predicting elements "The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements" (1879) Periodic Law supersedes and sheds more light on the nature of elements than did other systems of classification of elements; Periodic Law allows for determining chemical and physical properties of elements; Gallium mentioned as an example of the predictive power of the Periodic Law "On the History of the Periodic Law" (1880) Mendeleev accused of taking Lothar Meyer's ideas without citation; re-emphasis on atomic weights as unique on Mendeleev's part; Meyer is countered as not having in mind a Periodic Law; Mendeleev emphasizes the importance of understanding the Philosophical and real aspects of the subject "The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements" (1889) Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes as founders of modern science in mixing mechanism with experiment; 8 points from the Periodic Law (atomic weights and valences being the most important); how generalizations emerged; history of the Periodic Law and Chemistry and Physics; ambiguities in periodicity; the chemical situation before and after the Law; Beryllium, Scandium, and Thorium and the Periodic Law; other elements enlightened by the Law; confirmation of the Law via atomic weights such as Platinum; properties predicted "On Argon" (1895) Argon is a simple body not a mixture; looking at the possible atomic weights of Argon; one of his estimates is 40 grams which is very very close to the true atomic weight of 39.95 grams "How I Discovered the Periodic System of Elements" (1899) Lavoisier marshaling chemical investigation; "simple bodies", "compound bodies", "allotropy"; his focus - distinguish between the "atom" and "simple body"; relationships among the chemical elements; Dalton's Laws; excellent list of atomic weights (200-202); repetition of properties; periodic behavior; history and application of Periodic Law; verification of Periodic Law via newly discovered elements; Gallium; Scandium; Germanium; Periodic Law used to determine atomic weights; future research "An Attempt at a Chemical Conception of Ether" (1904) Lord Kelvin's calculation for the weight of 1 cubic meter of Ether; Galileo and Newton and Ether; idea of electrons; Ether may be a gas that is incapable of chemical combination; 2 fundamental propositions of Ether as 1) the lightest gas with excellent penetrating power and 2) is not capable of chemical combination (inert gas) (234); Halogens and alkali metals (238); 2 Periodic Tables (239); composition, size, mass, and density of stars; speed and atomic weight of the lightest element X that travels freely throughout the universe (248) "The Grouping of the Elements and the Periodic Law" (1905) Crystalline; chemical behaviors; Periodic Tables (267-269); Periodic Properties 13 points (270-284); table summary of some physical properties such as melting points and compositions in molecules of known elements Overall Mendellev was one of the most important Chemists of all time due to the simplification that resulted from his Periodic Law. Of course there is one exception to his law that he may not have been aware of : Tellurium and Iodine where Iodine has a lower atomic weight than Tellurium but is found after Tellurium since it is also a Halogen and also because of it's atomic valency. But still overall, Mendeleev did some great work that has aided and simplified the research of Chemists and Physicists for the past century and beyond. He is greatly underestimated for his contribution to the knowledge of nature but at least he is not completely forgotten. People should read this book to read the words of the Chemist himself on his contributions to what Chemists and Physicists usually take for granted - the Periodic Table.
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