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The Modern American Presidency [Hardcover]

Lewis L. Gould (Author), Richard Norton Smith (Foreword)
4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 2003
Their idiosyncrasies and failures were as diverse as their accomplishments. William McKinley tracked press opinion before Richard Nixon was even born. Calvin Coolidge utilized radio and press conferences long before today's spin doctors. And John F. Kennedy brought the culture of celebrity to the White House.

The president of the United States may be the most powerful man in the world. But even though all of our modern presidents have acted in what they believed to be the country's best interests, Lewis Gould suggests that most of them fell short of the challenges of an impossible job. To treat the modern presidency as a success story, he claims, is to falsify the historical record.

The Modern American Presidency is a lively, interpretive synthesis of our twentieth-century leaders, filled with intriguing insights into how the presidency has evolved as America rose to prominence on the world stage. Gould traces the decline of the party system and the increasing importance of the media, resulting in the rise of the president as celebrity. He traces the growth of the White House staff and executive bureaucracy. And he shows us a succession of men who have increasingly known less and less about the presidency, observing that most would have had a better historical reputation if they had contented themselves with a single term.

Engagingly written for general readers while firmly grounded in scholarship for classroom use, this book takes a no-holds-barred approach to occupants of the Oval Office. Gould marks the accomplishments of lesser-known presidents--Taft's anticipation of the budget office, Harding's plans for a Defense Department--and casts higher-profile personalities in a fresh light, whether revisiting Nixon's preoccupation with reelection, exploring why the effort to remove Bill Clinton weakened the impeachment power, or contemplating George W. Bush's efforts to wage war against terrorism.

As Gould observes, today's presidency is so bogged down in media manipulation, fund-raising, and self indulgence that it is no more capable of grappling with difficulties than it was a century ago. The Modern American Presidency advocates the radical rethinking of what the nation needs from its chief executive and gives us the understanding we need to go about it.



Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

In 1896, the White House employed just six stenographers and a handful of clerks and secretaries. A century later, the staff had swelled to thousands. How this change occurred-and what it did to the presidency-is the subject of Gould's astute primer in executive power and privilege. The focus is on bureaucracy: how each president assembled a staff, coordinated with Congress and projected his agenda (and image) to the press. Gould (The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt) sees William McKinley as the unrecognized father of the modern presidency: the first to appear on film, build a war room and use commissions to avoid congressional oversight. He was also the first to appoint a de facto chief of staff, a position that would become one of the most powerful in Washington. Gould has similarly illuminating insights on most of McKinley's successors. He shows that the staged "photo op" of today has its roots with Franklin Roosevelt, whose handlers were forced by his disability to make elaborate preparations for public appearances. Gould also notes that Woodrow Wilson was the first president to deliver the State of the Union address in person and that Richard Nixon installed the "continuous campaign" long before Dick Morris instructed Bill Clinton to do it. To be sure, this is strictly an introductory text; moreover, not every president has the goods to provoke worthwhile analysis. Nonetheless, this is a concise, intelligent survey of the transformations of the White House over the past century. 36 b&w photos.
Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Booklist

Gould is emeritus professor of history at the University of Texas and has written books covering the administrations of William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. If there is a common theme in his survey of presidents from McKinley to George W. Bush, it may be that the demands of the office have become too broad for anyone to be truly successful. As Gould indicates, a president is expected to act as a political leader and infighter while simultaneously serving as a moral example and national symbol. In Gould's view, presidents who come to power with sweeping agendas are likely to be frustrated by an essentially conservative system. Even if Congress does enact much of a president's legislative agenda, the law of unintended consequences frequently turns solutions into disasters. Besides, the press of media scrutiny and campaign financing cause presidents to devote an inordinate amount of time planning for and campaigning for reelection. This is a valuable and provocative examination of the office and the men who have strived to be effective in it. Jay Freeman
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 296 pages
  • Publisher: University Press of Kansas (May 2003)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0700612521
  • ISBN-13: 978-0700612529
  • Product Dimensions: 9 x 6.1 x 1.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #807,762 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars solid starting point, August 16, 2004
This is a briskly paced overview of one hundred years' worth of presidents, from McKinley to Clinton (with a very brief mention of George W. Bush). That Gould starts with McKinley is notable, for historians have tended to place the origins of the modern presidency with his successor, Theodore Roosevelt. In tracing the development of the presidency as an institution, Gould follows a handful of key themes: (1) the rise of mass media and its effects on the presidency; (2) the rise of continual campaigning; (3) problem-ridden second terms; and (4) the decline of parties and its consequences. Only the fourth receives unsatisfactory treatment: Gould mentions it as a theme and never really follows up on it, and while parties as nominating and institutional forces may have declined with the spread of primaries, they surely play a larger role in today's polarized political atmosphere.

Each president is assessed, and except for the somewhat unique argument for McKinley, the analyses are not surprising. Gould, for the most part, agrees with other historians' assessments. Not enough time has lapsed since Clinton, and the chapter he gets is weak; Gould opted to focus on the scandals and controversies. Most interesting of all, perhaps, is Gould's conclusion that the modern presidency is ill-equipped to deal with the problems of this century.

Overall, a solid overview of the presidency.
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11 of 12 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent overview of Presidency from McKinley to GW Bush, March 18, 2004
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This review is from: The Modern American Presidency (Hardcover)
This book is both erudite and accessible, and it's an excellent survey of the modern Presidency, which Gould, a respected University of Texas historian, points out has been transformed in roughly the past hundred years from an intimate, folksy, at times nearly one-man operation into an unwieldy, unworkable, and dangerously out-of-touch apparatus that has far less to do with running the country than it does with raising cash, making meaningless appearances and feeding the media, and getting re-elected to a Constitutionally-allowed (and historically-mandated) second term that in most cases is a failure compared with the first term. (Can you think of a President since Franklin Roosevelt whose second term was more successful than the first?)

Other reviewers of this book have pointed out that Gould's position on the evolution of the presidency is a paradox, since in order to be effective, the modern president must be a master of the perpetual campaign, and yet the perpetual campaign is what Gould believes is the bane of the presidency, transforming it into a position of celebrity and spectacle rather than one of leadership and policy. However, that is a paradox that needs to be examined more deeply in a philosophical context; this book is a survey, not a political science text, and Gould gets points for raising the paradox, which is a provocative one, in the first place.

The book is full of anecdotes and lucid detail about the modern presidents, along with Gould's snappy and precise evaluations of the strengths and weaknesses of each, and the factors in the broader political culture of each man's term in office that changed the presidency forever. He is not particularly partisan in his political stance; he has good and bad to say about each president. There are many surprises in this short but rewarding book, and there are excellent suggestions for further reading at the back.

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Inside This Book (learn more)
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
ern presidency, modern presidents, continuous campaign, other chief executives
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
White House, United States, Theodore Roosevelt, World War, First Lady, Bill Clinton, Richard Nixon, Capitol Hill, Woodrow Wilson, Soviet Union, Lyndon Johnson, Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Carter, New Deal, Oval Office, Cold War, Herbert Hoover, Calvin Coolidge, Harry Truman, University of Texas, Gerald Ford, Courtesy of the Library of Congress, New York, Supreme Court, Southeast Asia
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Front Cover | Front Flap | Table of Contents | First Pages | Index | Back Flap | Back Cover | Surprise Me!
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