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The Moral Lives of Animals [Hardcover]

Dale Peterson
4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (10 customer reviews)

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Book Description

March 15, 2011

Wild elephants walking along a trail stop and spontaneously try to protect and assist a weak and dying fellow elephant. Laboratory rats, finding other rats caged nearby in distressing circumstances, proceed to rescue them. A chimpanzee in a zoo loses his own life trying to save an unrelated infant who has fallen into a watery moat.

The examples above and many others, argues Dale Peterson, show that our fellow creatures have powerful impulses toward cooperation, generosity, and fairness. Yet it is commonly held that we Homo sapiens are the only animals with a moral sense-that we are somehow above and apart from our fellow creatures.

This rigorous and stimulating book challenges that notion, and it shows the profound connections-the moral continuum-that link humans to many other species. Peterson shows how much animal behavior follows principles embodied in humanity's ancient moral codes, from the Ten Commandments to the New Testament. Understanding the moral lives of animals offers new insight into our own.

Dale Peterson's biography Jane Goodall: The Woman Who Redefined Man was a New York Times Book Review Notable Book and Boston Globe Best Book of 2006. His other publications include Visions of Caliban (with Jane Goodall) and Demonic Males (with Richard Wrangham). Peterson lectures in English at Tufts University.


Frequently Bought Together

The Moral Lives of Animals + The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Leading Scientist Explores Animal Joy, Sorrow, and Empathy - and Why They Matter
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Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

Science-writer Peterson (Visions of Calaban, 1993; Demonic Males, 1996) begins his survey of morality in nonhuman animals with a look at Melville�s Moby-Dick. In contrasting Ahab�s and Starbuck�s views on how to think about animals, the author sets up a dichotomy that he explores throughout: Is Moby Dick (and, by extension, are all animals) alive, aware, and morally responsible, as Ahab believes, or is he merely a dumb brute operating on instinct, as Starbuck asserts? Peterson suggests a third way of viewing animal minds, which allows for the existence of true minds as humans think of minds, but minds that are alien to our minds. The human ability for language means that our moral rules can be written down, but, as the author points out, the invisible structure of animal morality is revealed in their behavior. As he breaks down moral issues of behavior into larger issues such as authority, possession, cooperation, flexibility, and peace, Peterson gives examples from scientific studies of animal behavior that demonstrate the moral �rule� in question. Species range from fireflies to bonobos, but all illustrate moral behavior and all show us that we are not alone in possessing a moral code. --Nancy Bent

Review

“Dale Peterson adds originality and astonishing clarity to a discussion that has engaged science and philosophy in sometimes heated debate.  This book is a delight to read. The Moral Lives of Animals will change the way many think of animals, and it will vindicate what others have always known intuitively. It deserves to be an instant bestseller.”—Jane Goodall

“Instead of humanity having developed morality from scratch, by means of its superior intellect, things may well have started simpler. In our fellow primates, we already recognize many of the tendencies that gave rise to the moral emotions. Dale Peterson does an excellent and engaging job explaining how the one may have led to the other. In doing so, he places us closer to other animals than many a moral philosopher would ever admit.”—Frans de Waal, author of The Age of Empathy

The Moral Lives of Animals is without question the most fascinating book I’ve read in many, many years—a marvelously written page-turner about an important subject which until now has received little if any attention. Well, all that has changed. I can think of no other work that so clearly depicts our place in the animal kingdom, showing as it does how the forces of society work on other species much as they do on ours. The large number of stories that make this point are riveting. Everything in the book is riveting. You will read it with your hair on end and your eyes wide, just like some of the animal subjects herein when faced with an intense situation. There’s a special place in the hearts of many of us for books that express the ‘one-ness’ of life on earth, and this book tops them all.”—Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, author of The Hidden Life of Dogs

The Moral Lives of Animals is a breathtaking tour-de-force of enormous scope and deep importance. Filled with vivid and compelling stories, backed by numerous scientific studies, these pages should change the way we look at the workings of the hearts and minds of other species--as well as our own. Every literate human on earth should read it.”—Sy Montgomery, author of The Good, Good Pig and Birdology

The Moral Lives of Animals is a most-welcomed discussion of a complex and controversial question—are nonhuman animals moral beings whose lives are regulated by social codes of conduct and who know right from wrong? Renowned author Dale Peterson takes us on a wide-ranging discussion of a wide variety of animals who clearly show that they know what’s expected of them in various social situations and what they're supposed to do so that they’re accepted into their society and their social groups can run smoothly. Packed with good stories and scientific data, and grounded in sound evolutionary theory, this book provides a convincing argument that animals have rich moral lives that remind of us of our own. It will change the way in which ‘mere animals’ are viewed and open our eyes to who these beings truly are.”—Marc Bekoff, University of Colorado professor emeritus, author of The Emotional Lives of Animals; Wild Justice: The Moral Lives of Animals; and The Animal Manifesto: Six Reasons for Expanding our Compassion Footprint

“This is a book that could actually change readers’ assumptions, opinions and beliefs about the differences between Homo sapiens and other animals…Peterson traces an ambitious and exciting arc between gender relations, hierarchal authoritarian structures, ownership and displays of affiliation, and proposes that we have veered from Darwin’s findings that we are not unique, and that our fellow creatures have much higher order of feelings then we might be comfortable with. Sharing fascinating anecdotes about elephants, whales and primates, Peterson highlights the unity rather than diversity of social structures around sharing food, intimacy, competition for resources, grooming, mourning and dominance. A thorough and sophisticated book, yet accessible and enjoyable even for those with little previous exposure to the topic.”—Kirkus

“As he breaks down moral issues of behavior into larger issues such as authority, possession, cooperation, flexibility and peace, Peterson gives examples from scientific studies of animal behavior that demonstrate the moral “rule” in question. Species range from fireflies to bonobos, but all illustrate moral behavior and all show us that we are not alone in possessing a moral code.”—Booklist

“For people who think that humans are the only species to live with any kind of morality, Peterson’s book might be a game-changer. The Moral Lives of Animals is a thoroughly interesting read.”—Treehugger

“Cooperative hyenas, scorekeeping impalas, heroic rats—humans are not the only creatures with a code of ethics. Dale Peterson of Tufts University argues that animals across many species exhibit behaviors that reveal evolutionary continuity between us and them. The rules and values Homo sapiens shares with other species provide a basis for Peterson to speculate about the future of our relationship with our fellow fauna.”Scientific American “Recommended Books” column

"This isn’t another book about the splendor of the animal kingdom and how much we have to learn from the blessed beasts. Dredging through numerous studies and directly observing animal behavior, Peterson takes a more epistemological approach … Peterson’s examples are often short stories in themselves, and it’s not as though all this talk of morality means the animal kingdom is full of goodly souls. He uses fireflies to demonstrate how animals employ deceit, and the opening image of an elephant silently stalking her human prey makes Moby Dick seem as if he’s having a bad day. Peterson’s book also serves as a fine text on moral theory, why we ascribe moral value to a variety of actions. But because it’s about elephants, foxes and especially bonobos, it’s a lot more fun than that sounds."—Time Out Chicago
 
"This book challenges readers to absorb new information in an area unfamiliar to most. It is definitely worth the effort and is highly recommended."—Library Journal (starred review)
 
 
"Well written, well researched, and forward looking … The Moral Lives of Animals is eye opening, original, wide-ranging, and ambitious book … Peterson's book gives us a wealth of new and powerfully original ideas for future research and debate."Orion
 
"[Peterson’s] skills as a chronicler of animal goings on are highly developed."American Scholar
 
"Mr. Peterson does develop a provocative case for the existence of a broadly shared evolutionary imperative that under pins human moral instincts … It is hard to argue with his proposition that the powerful emotional saliency moral issues have for us, and their connection to serious matters of social organization and conflict—sex, territory, possessions, reciprocity, kinship—point to a hard-wired evolutionary adaptation of group-dwelling animals."—Wall Street Journal
 
"[Peterson’s] arguments are lucid and his writing is compellingly based upon decades of research and observation. Told in a loose anecdotal style, with plenty of thought-provoking details, The Moral Lives of Animals is likely to have you reconsidering your relationship with Fido or Mouser … propelling the book is Peterson’s gift for graceful, illustrative expression…This is a very serious book, one in which serious ideas are explored thoughtfully but also in a style accessible to the interested non-specialist. As for why anyone should be interested—well, many of us share our lives with animals every day. Even those of who do not, nonetheless share the planet with them."—Popmatters.com
 
"A thought-provoking read that glimpses into the minds and behaviors of mammals."Scientific American Mind

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 352 pages
  • Publisher: Bloomsbury Press; First American Edition edition (March 15, 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1596914246
  • ISBN-13: 978-1596914247
  • Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 1.8 x 9.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.2 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (10 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #519,933 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

4.2 out of 5 stars
(10)
4.2 out of 5 stars
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
16 of 17 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Indispensable book March 21, 2011
Format:Hardcover
In this lively, engaging, beautifully-written book, Dale Peterson makes a remarkable argument, using Melville's MOBY-DICK as a framework for thinking about animal behavior. Melville was unusual among nineteenth-century writers in saying that the whale in his book had malevolence, that he smashed the ship because he chose to end the battle with human hunters. In saying this, Peterson points out, Melville was suggesting that an animal could be responsible, could act from a decision, not "blind instinct." When you can acknowledge this possibility in an animal--and who hasn't observed a dog choose one person over another, growl at one and greet another affectionately--then you're recognizing that moral behavior involves choices and that intelligent animals can make them. I find this a fascinating idea, not least because I have always thought MOBY-DICK offered an amazing view of the inner lives of magnificent animals. But more than that, Peterson points out the ways animals constantly advertise a wide range of sophisticated behaviors--and we persist in calling them "blind instinct." The splendid payoff of his book is that he shows how liberating it can be to see the continuities between nonhuman animals and ourselves--that doing so makes us better humans and better animals too. The book shows the joy of thinking across species lines, of seeing the kinship between all species. We don't have to fall back on our own "blind instinct," which is to consider ourselves superior. We can be as generous and compassionate as the animals are.
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16 of 18 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Moral development March 15, 2011
Format:Hardcover
Peterson's book is an elucidating look at moral development, period, whether your interest is in the morals of homo sapiens or of other animals. It is well documented AND readable, showing the reader an evolutionary process involving the brain and moral development. Considering current research about the elasticity of the brain, and ties between body and emotion, this perspective almost seems like simple common sense. Terminology is easily defined for the lay reader, while those of a more scientific bent will not be disappointed with the evidence based theory. If you know theories of moral development and brain development, this will make a lot of sense. If you are not as familiar, you will be before you finish this book. This is probably not light reading for most, but not difficult to follow. I have always held that I learned more from the field of anthropology about human behavior than I did from psychology. Now I'll also say that I learned more about moral development from the field of animal behavior and evolution than I have from human developmentalists or philosophers! In addition to hearing the evidence, you will be entertained by the examples given of specific animal behavior. I've decided after reading this book to come back as a bonobo - a FEMALE bonobo!

This review is based on an Advanced Reader Copy.
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28 of 34 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Enlightens Animal Behavior, but Disturbing March 15, 2011
Format:Hardcover
Do animals make moral choices that favor their own interests or the interests of others?

Dale Peterson is the author of the award-winning Jane Goodall: the Woman Who Redefined Man, and is a lecturer in English at Tufts University. In the Acknowledgements of The Moral Lives of Animals, Peterson states that the idea for this book originated after a heated debate at a dinner party.

In this era of sensitivity to animal rights, it is imperative that a book has been written arguing that animals have moral codes and intellectual capacities greater than previously thought. Wide in scope, The Moral Lives of Animals is chock full of references to scientific studies, personal travels to study animal behavior, philosophy and literature. Perceptions of whether animals think or feel pain the same as humans are examined thoroughly. The book is intellectual and esoteric.

The Table of Contents contains no specific references to animals, but asks questions regarding morality applicable to humans as well.

* Where Does Morality Come From?
* What Is Morality?
* Where Is Morality Going?

Peterson states that animals have moral systems derived from a common origin to that of humans. Inherent in those systems are the ideas of conflict and choice.

His writing seems disorienting. The author is obviously well-versed in his subject, but becomes lost in the quagmire of "making his point." He sets forth the structure of the book clearly at the beginning, but does not adhere to his own organizational system and flows from anecdote into intellectual dissertation. For example, Peterson plunges into an exploration of the medieval concept of "the mind" after stating that "executing an elephant for the crime of murder strikes us today as profoundly irrational."

One wonders why the author used many depictions of animal cruelty to prove his points. Most disturbing to me were the descriptions of experiments where mice were injected with solutions causing pain in order to observe the sympathy of a non-injected partner mouse. How does the moral compass of the humans conducting the experiments compare to their animal subjects?

The Moral Lives of Animals is a heavy read, but is an important contribution to the way we understand and perceive animals. Animal lovers beware. The book is not for the fainthearted.

I thank Bloomsbury Press for supplying an advanced reader copy of this book. The opinions expressed in this review are unbiased and wholly my own.

Reviewed by Holly Weiss, author of Crestmont
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
4.0 out of 5 stars Still reading
I have just started reading this book. I had borrowed it in paperback, and it was obvious it was a book I would like to own, so I downloaded it to my Kindle. Read more
Published 3 months ago by Sandi
5.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating and thought-provoking
I had not realized that the impression of non-human animals as, essentially furry machines was an Enlightenment invention! Read more
Published 11 months ago by Cissa
5.0 out of 5 stars earth-shaking, epochal, stupendous
I could write a book about this book. I read Fabre as a child, Lorentz and von Frisch as a young man, Darwin, Wilson, Skinner, Goodal as an adult, Ristau and Griffin recently as a... Read more
Published 21 months ago by J. A. Haverstick
5.0 out of 5 stars Well-reasoned and forward-thinking
Dale Peterson has traveled the world and witnessed a broad swath of animal behavior and human-animal relationships. Read more
Published 21 months ago by Jonathan Balcombe
3.0 out of 5 stars "The right to do something does not mean that doing it is right."
(Full disclosure: I received a free review copy of THE MORAL LIVES OF ANIMALS through Library Thing's Early Reviewer program.)

What is the nature of morality? Read more
Published 22 months ago by Kelly Garbato
5.0 out of 5 stars A highly original and important book
This is a very important book that forces us to think about the wide-ranging emotional and moral capacities of animals. I've posted a long review here: [...].
Published on March 23, 2011 by Marc Bekoff
3.0 out of 5 stars The Age of Enlightenment
It is very pleasant to see that the age of enlightenment for the least enlightened animals of all, humans, is fully upon us. Read more
Published on March 20, 2011 by Matthew DeLuca
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