Moral Psychology: The Evolution of Morality: Adaptations and Innateness (Volume 1) [Paperback]

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (Editor)

Book Description

Publication Date: October 19, 2007 | ISBN-10: 0262693542 | ISBN-13: 978-0262693547

For much of the twentieth century, philosophy and science went their separate ways. In moral philosophy, fear of the so-called naturalistic fallacy kept moral philosophers from incorporating developments in biology and psychology. Since the 1990s, however, many philosophers have drawn on recent advances in cognitive psychology, brain science, and evolutionary psychology to inform their work. This collaborative trend is especially strong in moral philosophy, and these volumes bring together some of the most innovative work by both philosophers and psychologists in this emerging interdisciplinary field. The contributors to volume 1 discuss recent work on the evolution of moral beliefs, attitudes, and emotions. Each chapter includes an essay, comments on the essay by other scholars, and a reply by the author(s) of the original essay. Topics include a version of naturalism that avoids supposed fallacies, distinct neurocomputational systems for deontic reasoning, the evolutionary psychology of moral sentiments regarding incest, the sexual selection of moral virtues, the evolution of symbolic thought, and arguments both for and against innate morality. Taken together, the chapters demonstrate the value for both philosophy and psychology of collaborative efforts to understand the many complex aspects of morality.Contributors William Casebeer, Leda Cosmides, Oliver Curry, Michael Dietrich, Catherine Driscoll, Susan Dwyer, Owen Flanagan, Jerry Fodor, Gilbert Harman, Richard Joyce, Debra Lieberman, Ron Mallon, John Mikhail, Geoffrey Miller, Jesse Prinz, Peter Railton, Michael Ruse, Hagop Sarkissian, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Chandra Sekhar Sripada, Valerie Tiberius, John Tooby, Peter Tse, Kathleen Wallace, Arthur Wolf, David Wong Walter Sinnott-Armstrong is Professor of Philosophy and Hardy Professor of Legal Studies at Dartmouth College.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"In the last decade moral psychology has been transformed into one of the most interesting and important areas of interdisciplinary research -- a field where philosophers, psychologists, neuroscientists, anthropologists, and economists interact productively. Recent theories and findings have generated a genuine and justified sense of intellectual excitement. If you want to see what all the excitement is about, this book is a great place to start." --Stephen Stich, Board of Governors Professor of Philosophy and Cognitive Science, Rutgers University

(Stephen Stich, Rutgers University )

"Moral Psychology is a remarkable publishing achievement. Sinnott-Armstrong has a real talent for drawing together the cutting-edge researchers in the field, and letting them present their positions and challenge each other. These three substantial volumes cover many of the newer and more exciting issues being raised in ethics and moral psychology today. Essential reading for anyone who wants to know where the field is heading."--Peter Singer, Ira W. Decamp Professor of Bioethics in the UniversityCenter for Human Values, Princeton University

(Peter Singer, Princeton University )

About the Author

BRIGID DOHERTY teaches the history of modern andcontemporary art, literature, and film in the Departments ofGermanic Languages and Literatures, and Art andArchaeology, at Princeton University. Her book Montage: TheBody and the Work of Art in Dada, Brecht, and Benjamin will bepublished by the University of California Press in 2004, andshe is currently working on a second book project, Writing asMaking Present: The Art of Hanne Darboven, 1966--2000.

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong is Professor of Philosophy and Hardy Professor of Legal Studies at Dartmouth College.

Product Details

• Paperback: 608 pages
• Publisher: A Bradford Book (October 19, 2007)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0262693542
• ISBN-13: 978-0262693547
• Product Dimensions: 9 x 6.1 x 1 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.7 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #227,750 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

13 of 15 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars A good place to start, December 30, 2008

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Dr. Lee D. Carlson (Baltimore, Maryland USA) - See all my reviews
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This review is from: Moral Psychology: The Evolution of Morality: Adaptations and Innateness (Volume 1) (Paperback)

It is refreshing to know that in the last few decades musings over ethics and morality have entered into the scientific realm after being dominated for centuries by religious dogma and traditional philosophy. This is not to say that some philosophers have not entered into the arena that this book labels as `the naturalization of ethics' or `moral psychology'. They have, and with their rhetorical skills this makes the field of moral psychology a lively one, and certainly one that will increase in importance in years to come, in most part due to the advances in cognitive neuroscience.

This volume is the first of three that consists of a collection of articles that are written by selected individuals who work in the field. The book reads more like a debate between the contributors, but it is packed full of interesting information and will satisfy those readers who thirst for a more concrete, scientific approach to morals and ethics. It could also serve the needs of students who intend to pursue areas of research such as evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience.

Rule-based religious ethics has dominated ethical debate for centuries, if not millennia, but thankfully there are many scientists and philosophers who are seeking a different outlook on ethics that reject outright any constraints seemingly imposed by the `naturalistic fallacy.' The goal is to study not only on the origins of morality in human societies, but also find out whether or not morality is wired into the human brain in a manner that some say language is. These concerns lead to conceptions such as `naturalistic ethics' and `moral nativism', both of which are well represented by the articles in this book.

But readers interested in topics such as artificial intelligence, natural law, and legal reasoning may also find this book of benefit. The discussions on domain-specific versus domain-general reasoning mechanisms in the brain, and also neurocomputational systems are of great interest to those working in artificial intelligence. In addition, the discussions on `deontic logic' and empirical logic will pique the interest of readers who are interested in the automation or formalization of legal reasoning.

Another virtue of the book is that even though the debates are heated none of the authors are shouting at each other or engaging in any of the vituperation that you frequently find in contemporary political debates. The level of cordiality and professionalism "should" be adhered to in all fields of endeavor.

Rule-based systems of ethics, such as those typically proposed by religious schools, have difficulty dealing with all the different contingencies faced by humans. Therefore humans who follow these kinds of systems are frequently faced with situations that almost if not completely encourage them to be hypocrites, or at least are judged as such by external observers. It would seem that rule-based ethics is not general enough to deal with the complexities of everyday life, or cannot adapt itself to novel situations. This leads some ethicists to consider whether such formulations of ethics should be completely abandoned in favor of ones that effective enough to confront complex, rapidly changing environments. Some of the articles in this book address these issues, particularly the ones that discuss whether a "domain-general" treatment of ethics should be completely abandoned.

So the book as a whole is excellent, but it does have one weakness that is usually shared by nearly all conceptions of ethics, namely that a particular set of actions cannot be said to be moral if the agents do so out of their own self-interest. Such a bias towards what is good is shared by all of the authors in this book. They cannot seem to conceptualize, or do not find even credible, notions of morality that do not divorce the personal benefits one receives from the goodness of the acts themselves. Further a few of the authors implicitly or explicitly believe that morality is in fact a weakness, i.e. that in an evolutionary sense individuals who act morally will always have negative fitness advantages compared with those individuals who do not. This "morality = weakness" paradigm seems to be pervasive in modern society. It demands rigorous scientific scrutiny and empirical evidence, instead of being accepted blindly as some axiom. This would be a fascinating project on which to embark on, particularly for those individuals who do not accept the belief that morality is a sign of weakness rather than strength.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars State-of-the-art must read, October 24, 2010

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Ethical Science - See all my reviews

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This review is from: Moral Psychology: The Evolution of Morality: Adaptations and Innateness (Volume 1) (Paperback)

This three volume set is a must read for all who work in the field of moral psychology. Not everything that's important in the field is included; there are some glaring omissions, including only minimal consideration of the voluminous work that's been done on moral development. But no other collection rivals this three volumes in comprehensiveness and quality. Furthermore, the structure works very well -- major articles followed by two commentaries and a response from the original author(s). No respectable college or university library should be without this three volume set, and every researcher must know its contents.