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The New Golden Rule: Community And Morality In A Democratic Society
 
 
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The New Golden Rule: Community And Morality In A Democratic Society [Hardcover]

Amitai Etzioni (Author)
2.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)


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Book Description

January 2, 1997
One of the world’s leading sociologists and most quoted intellectuals in America today, Amitai Etzioni has been the subject of numerous profiles in all the major media and has worked both with members of the Clinton Administration and Republican senators on social issues and policy. Now, in this important new book, he invites us to explore how a good society should operate and what values we must bring to our social interactions if we are to achieve stronger and more enduring community ties.As Etzioni has found in his years devoted to researching and studying the subject, the problem facing society today is that half the population is wary of order and morality, while the other half is suspicious of liberty, which is equated with permissiveness. In an in-depth analysis that masterfully cuts this Gordian knot, the author lays out how we can, indeed must, have both order and autonomy if we are to create a society in which communities and individuals can thrive. Recognizing that excessive morality and excessive liberty are each a dire threat to the health of society, Etzioni demonstrates how we have overreacted in recent years by assuming that there must be a tradeoff between morality and freedom. However, this need not be the case, because when order is largely based on moral commitments rather than on the law, and autonomy is regarded as a place in a social space, these two social virtues can reinforce each other.Using this framework, Etzioni studies the implications for the future of diversity in America, the implications for educating the next generation, and our relationships with other societies. He also explores the public policy implications of his observations and how governments, community groups and families can respond and grow.

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

A leading communitarian thinker, sociologist Etzioni contends Americans have overemphasized individual rights in recent years. In his searching treatise, he seeks to restore an equilibrium between personal liberty and the common good, urging the diverse strands of America's social fabric to come together, to commit to a core of shared values that will help renew the family, schools and public institutions. Arguing that rights and responsibilities go hand in hand, he champions the two-parent family, national service involving voluntary participation in agencies such as the Peace Corps and Vista, a nationally standardized public school curriculum, community courts as alternatives to the official judicial system, schools as character-building agents and devolving federal functions to voluntary associations and other community bodies. Challenging liberals and conservatives alike, Etzioni, a professor at George Washington University, cuts through a welter of issues, from bicultural education to curbing alcohol abuse, in this timely contribution to the debate over what constitutes a good society.
Copyright 1996 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Kirkus Reviews

This chapter of sociologist Etzioni's (George Washington Univ.) ongoing communitarian campaign breaks new ground but ends up mired in intellectual bickering. Proponents of individual freedom find the communitarian emphasis on shared social values dangerously close to authoritarianism. Etzioni's current response to this fear is a reformulation of the golden rule: ``Respect and uphold society's moral order as you would have society respect and uphold your autonomy.'' For Etzioni (The Spirit of Community, 1993, etc.), following this rule in any society requires maintaining a balance between individual freedom and social imperatives, with the content of political action at any given time or place determined by whether the society has moved too far in either direction. There is much common sense here, and a laudable intention to develop principles that can be applied in the real world. Unfortunately, more effort goes into rebutting critics and splitting hairs with other communitarians than into sustained consideration of substantive issues. Etzioni's interest in extending arguments within the continuing intellectual debate is understandable, but for anyone not directly involved in the discussion, other concerns are more important. His use of the golden rule when prescribing policy for the US, for example, suffers from the unwarranted assumption that applying his principle is a relatively straightforward matter. Even if everyone were to accept balancing individual and social concerns as the appropriate goal, assessments of current conditions and the measures required to stabilize the scales are hardly uncontroversial judgments that follow easily from the premise. Etzioni's seemingly endless effort to find the middle ground leaves him with something more akin to Aristotle's golden mean than a rule, golden or otherwise, and more substantive work is needed to defend specific proposals. A thought-provoking work that needed to be more thoughtful to achieve its full potential. -- Copyright ©1996, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 336 pages
  • Publisher: Basic Books; 1st edition (January 2, 1997)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0465052975
  • ISBN-13: 978-0465052974
  • Product Dimensions: 9.6 x 6.5 x 1.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 2.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #465,402 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

After receiving his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California, Berkeley in 1958, Dr. Amitai Etzioni served as a Professor of Sociology at Columbia University for 20 years; part of that time as the Chairman of the department. He was a guest scholar at the Brookings Institution in 1978 before serving as a Senior Advisor to the White House from 1979-1980. In 1980, Dr. Etzioni was named the first University Professor at The George Washington University, where he is the Director of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies. From 1987-1989, he served as the Thomas Henry Carroll Ford Foundation Professor at the Harvard Business School.

Dr. Etzioni served as the president of the American Sociological Association in 1994-95, and in 1989-90 was the founding president of the international Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics. In 1990, he founded the Communitarian Network, a not-for-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to shoring up the moral, social and political foundations of society. He was the editor of The Responsive Community: Rights and Responsibilities, the organization's quarterly journal, from 1991-2004. In 1991, the press began referring to Dr. Etzioni as the 'guru' of the communitarian movement.

Dr. Etzioni is the author of numerous books, including The Monochrome Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), The Limits of Privacy (New York: Basic Books, 1999), The New Golden Rule (New York: Basic Books, 1996), which received the Simon Wiesenthal Center's 1997 Tolerance Book Award, The Spirit of Community (New York: Crown Books, 1993), and The Moral Dimension: Toward a New Economics, (New York: Free Press, 1988). His most recent books are My Brother's Keeper: A Memoir and a Message (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), and From Empire to Community: A New Approach to International Relations (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).

Outside of academia, Dr. Etzioni's voice is frequently heard in the media.

In 2001, he was named among the top 100 American intellectuals as measured by academic citations in Richard Posner's book, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline.

Also in 2001, Dr. Etzioni was awarded the John P. McGovern Award in Behavioral Sciences as well as the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was also the recipient of the Seventh James Wilbur Award for Extraordinary Contributions to the Appreciation and Advancement of Human Values by the Conference on Value Inquiry, as well as the Sociological Practice Association's Outstanding Contribution Award.

Dr. Etzioni is married and has five sons.

 

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11 of 12 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Learned Introduction to Social Ethics, December 12, 2004
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This review is from: The New Golden Rule: Community And Morality In A Democratic Society (Hardcover)


My eyes glazed over in places, and I had to struggle to finish the book, but on balance believe the author provides a learned introduction to social ethics and the topic of how morality, community, and democracy are inter-twined.

My over-arching note on the book is that information can and should be a moral force, and a force for good within any community.

The author's bottom line is that morality must be inherent in the individual--it cannot be imposed, only taught--that those who consider themselves religious are not necessarily moral, and that politicians cannot be neutral on moral relativism, or they open the door to moral extremists.

Among my notes in the margins, inspired by the author: cannot turn responsibility into duty; citizens failing to be socially responsible can open the door to tyranny; anarchy comes with excessive autonomy--deviance allowed is deviance redefined as acceptable; communitarians may be an alternative to the extreme right, something is needed with the collapse of the democrats; organizational morality is important--should corporations be allowed to degrade and exploit humans in the name of "neutral" economic values?; shared values are the heart of sensible sustainable policy making; laws can inspire corruption and crime; inherent morality is the opposite; many policies (e.g. transportation, housing, education) do not provide for social impact evaluation; no such thing as "value free" anything; monolithic communities harm the multi-layered community.

Given seven layers of dialog, from neighborhood to national, it is possible to have every citizen participate in a national dialog in the course of a single day. This makes it irresponsible for any of us to accept a political process that claims to be value neutral while opening the door for extremists. I have said this, but this excellent book documents it: you get the government you deserve. Participate, or lose it.
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0 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
1.0 out of 5 stars Was missing a crucial term:, September 29, 2011
The word 'free association.' As in, societies, plural. The author posits a singular 'the "S"ociety, as if such were inevitably formable, as by forced association, and then proceeds to speak for what is best for 'it.'

Society, from the latin, socius: ally, known companion, as in, we freely choose our socius under a model of free -association.- In the American political context, we enjoy the tools of all of the 1st Amendment -- including and especially free speech, to clearly identify ourselves to each other for the purpose of selecting our socius, to define friend from fool-- no matter how we define friend, no matter how we define fool. If we do not actually have that freedom, then in fact, there is just one singular "S"ociety, and we are chosen for it before our birth. That distinguishes totalitarianism from individual freedom. We are one nation, composed of many societies, dedicated to our mutual freedom -- ultimately from each other.

Those of us with more or less stronger influence by our atavistic herd mentality genes rail at the hairshirt of individual liberty unequally. In America, barely yet, it is still possible to freely form societies, plural, under a model of free association. We have yet to concede Durkheim's lament (that ancient mankind has for centuries mistaken the totem 'God' for "S"ociety/the tribe, that "S"ociety is the True God, the state is its proper church, and it is the proper function of the state to 'socialize' the population via the machinery of state: exactly what we should expect in any Theocracy.

A reason for the appearance of such a more muscular 'R'eligion over a hundred years ago can be found by reading Scott Nearing's "Social Religion" from 1906, available on Google Books. Traditional 'R'eligions weren't muscular enough about pursuing Jesus' mission here on earth, and so...

Durkheim, prominently, in his summary of Religious Formes:

"Society is not at all the illogical or a-logical, incoherent and fantastic being which has too often been considered. Quite on the contrary, the collective consciousness is the highest form of psychic life, since it is the consciousness of consciousness. Being placed outside of and above individual and local contingencies, it sees things only in their permanent and essential aspects, which it crystallizes into communicable ideas. At the same time that it sees from above, it sees farther; at every moment of time it embraces all known reality; that is why it alone can furnish the minds with the moulds which are applicable to the totality of things and which make it possible to think of them."

The New Golden Rule, indeed. Now a brand new Holy Ghost has a seat at the table of mankind-- equally abusable for political leg lifting as the last Holy Ghost. Do unto "S"ociety as you would have it do unto you. After all, the collective consciousness is the highest form of psychic life, since it is the consciousness of consciousness...
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Inside This Book (learn more)
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First Sentence:
The age-old debate about what constitutes a good society has reintensified in the last decades. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
inverting symbiosis, strong social conservatives, communitarian paradigm, communitarian pattern, subgroup autonomy, normative accounting, moral infrastructure, inner moral voice, bounded autonomy, dual virtues, communitarian society, communitarian societies, moral dialogues, individualist paradigm, normative standing, social formulations, new golden rule, communitarian elements, peer marriage, communitarian position, generic paradigm, societal formations, welfare liberals, communitarian thinking, encompassing community
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
United States, African Americans, Supreme Court, New York City, Charles Taylor, Western Europe, First Amendment, Gertrude Himmelfarb, John Rawls, John Stuart Mill, Peace Corps, World War, Fifth Amendment, Fourth of July, Richard John Neuhaus, Richard Nixon, Adam Smith, Benjamin Barber, Derek Phillips, Ice Cube, Mary Ann Glendon, Pat Robertson, President Clinton, Rhoda Howard
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