Number Theory: An Approach Through History from Hammurapi to Legendre (Modern Birkhäuser Classics Series) [Paperback]

André Weil (Author)

Book Description

Publication Date: 2007

This book presents a historical overview of number theory. It examines texts that span some thirty-six centuries of arithmetical work, from an Old Babylonian tablet to Legendre’s Essai sur la Théorie des Nombres, written in 1798. Coverage employs a historical approach in the analysis of problems and evolving methods of number theory and their significance within mathematics. The book also takes the reader into the workshops of four major authors of modern number theory: Fermat, Euler, Lagrange and Legendre and presents a detailed and critical examination of their work.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"The book makes a fascinating reading, permitting to perceive the birth of new ideas, and to understand why they should have been born... There are four chapters: Protohistory, Fermat and his correspondents, Euler and An age of transition: Lagrange and Legendre, and also several appendices, which introduce a modern point of view and provide proofs for many mentioned results. The book is strongly recommended to anybody interested in the history of mathematics and should be on the shelf of every number-theorist." --Zentralblatt Math "As the author says, this is a historical treatment of that oldest and purest field of mathematics, the theory of numbers; his presentation is meticulous and scholarly... The volume under review...is a discursive, expository, leisurely peek over the shoulders of several great authors in number theory, a subject "conspicuous for the quality rather than for the number of its devotees; at the same time it is perhaps unique in the enthusiasm it has inspired", as Professor Weil says in his preface." --Mathematical Reviews A very unusual book combining thorough philological exactness, keen observation, apt comments of the essential points, picturesque fantasy, enthusiastic love of the subject, and brilliant literary style: a romantic novel of documents. It is both number theory and its history in an inseparable oneness, helping us understand the very roots and the first big stage of progress of this discipline. The author, one of the most prominent number theorists…chose to give us a broad perspective of the birth of modern number theory. --Periodica Mathematica Hungaria

From the Back Cover

Number Theory or arithmetic, as some prefer to call it, is the oldest, purest, liveliest, most elementary yet sophisticated field of mathematics. It is no coincidence that the fundamental science of numbers has come to be known as the "Queen of Mathematics." Indeed some of the most complex conventions of the mathematical mind have evolved from the study of basic problems of number theory. André Weil, one of the outstanding contributors to number theory, has written an historical exposition of this subject; his study examines texts that span roughly thirty-six centuries of arithmetical work — from an Old Babylonian tablet, datable to the time of Hammurapi to Legendre’s Essai sur la Théorie des Nombres (1798). Motivated by a desire to present the substance of his field to the educated reader, Weil employs an historical approach in the analysis of problems and evolving methods of number theory and their significance within mathematics. In the course of his study Weil accompanies the reader into the workshops of four major authors of modern number theory (Fermat, Euler, Lagrange and Legendre) and there he conducts a detailed and critical examination of their work. Enriched by a broad coverage of intellectual history, Number Theory represents a major contribution to the understanding of our cultural heritage. ----- A very unusual book combining thorough philological exactness, keen observation, apt comments of the essential points, picturesque fantasy, enthusiastic love of the subject, and brilliant literary style: a romantic novel of documents. It is both number theory and its history in an inseparable oneness, helping us understand the very roots and the first big stage of progress of this discipline. The author, one of the most prominent number theorists…chose to give us a broad perspective of the birth of modern number theory.--Periodica Mathematica Hungaria The volume under review...a discursive, expository, leisurely peek over the shoulders of several great authors in number theory…is perhaps unique in the enthusiasm it has inspired. --Mathematical Reviews

Product Details

• Paperback: 375 pages
• Publisher: Birkhäuser (2007)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0817645659
• ISBN-13: 978-0817645656
• Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.1 x 1.2 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 5.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,217,514 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Most Helpful Customer Reviews

12 of 13 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Respectable and enjoyable guide to pre-Gaussian number theory, December 27, 2005

By 

Viktor Blasjo - See all my reviews
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This review is from: Number Theory: An approach through history from Hammurapi to Legendre (Hardcover)

When someone like Weil sets out to write a history of number theory it is destined to be the standard reference for decades to come. But this is not only an authoritative reference everyone loves to cite--it is also delightfully readable. It is not a substitute for a textbook (although Weil hints at this possibility is the preface), but even for readers with only a modest background in number theory this book will be a source of insight and joy.

Chapter 1 "Protohistory" treats briefly some of the scattered pre-Fermat attempts, which helped form the Diophantine tradition of what would constitute the staple problems of number theory--Pythagorean triples, sums of squares, Pell's equation, such things. These seeds blossomed in the hands of Fermat (chapter 2), with whom we start to see the formation of a coherent theory of numbers with some basic tools: infinite descent, modulo arguments, a precursor of elliptic curve arithmetic, etc. Fermat rarely wrote things down properly, and Euler (chapter 3) had to work hard to prove his theorems and conjectures, in the process adding some ideas of his own (the group theoretic core of modulo arithmetic and Z/pZ, auxiliary functions such as the phi function, etc.). Euler's further investigations along these lines also left many valuable ideas for future mathematicians such as the crystallisation of the importance of quadratic forms (taken up by Lagrange, chaper 4; later perfected by Gauss) and the statement of the law of quadratic reciprocity (taken up by Legendre, chapter 4; later proved in full by Gauss). Also highly decisive for the future development of number theory was Euler's bringing in of analytic ideas into number theory, in particular elliptic integrals (whose deep importance was later revealed by Jacobi) and the zeta function and L-series (whose deep importance was later revealed by Dirichlet and Riemann).

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Weil's Number Theory, June 3, 2009

By 

Stephen Rice "real reader" (Pasadena, CA USA) - See all my reviews
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Amazon Verified Purchase

This review is from: Number Theory: An Approach Through History from Hammurapi to Legendre (Modern Birkhäuser Classics Series) (Paperback)

This item is of very great interest to me. It covers thoroughly, in brilliant exegesis, the whole history and mathematics of number theory from Hammurapi to Legendre at a level suitable for the general reader with an interest in number theory. The author was one of the pioneers in this field.