The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA (2nd Edition) [Paperback]

Jos Warmer (Author), Anneke Kleppe (Author)

Book Description

ISBN-10: 0321179366 | ISBN-13: 978-0321179364 | Publication Date: September 6, 2003 | Edition: 2

Successful software developers have long recognized that proper modeling is a key element to the development process that leads to creating robust software. For the past decade, the Object Constraint Language has offered a more precise (but not very popular) means of expressing a software design -- more precise than even the Unified Modeling Language. The growing acceptance of the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) approach, and the significant changes to the UML 2.0 standard have placed the OCL near the forefront of object-oriented application development. The OCL no longer represents a level of detail that practitioners are likely to ignore. The OCL is now closely tied to both the UML 2.0 and MDA standardization initiatives. This closeness is certain to lead to an increased level of popularity in this precision language for modeling. This book, from the creators of the language, explains how software professionals can use the OCL to create better software.

Editorial Reviews

From the Back Cover

Praise for The Object Constraint Language, Second Edition

“MDA promises a revolution in the way we develop software. This book is essential reading for anyone intending to adopt MDA technology.”

         —Tony Clark, PhD
             King’s College, London

“Through examples, Jos and Anneke demonstrate the power and intuitiveness of OCL, and the key role that this language plays in implementing and promoting MDA. The theme, structure, contents, and, not lastly, the clarity of explanations recommend this book as the best advocate for learning, using, and promoting OCL, UML, and MDA. I am sure that this work will contribute in a significant manner to the development and widespread use of new software technologies.”

         —Dan Chiorean
             Head of the Computer Science Research Laboratory
             Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj

---

"In this thoroughly revised edition, Jos and Anneke offer a concise, pragmatic, and pedagogic explanation of the Object Constraint Language (OCL) and its different applications. Their discussion of OCL's potential role in Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is timely and offers great insight into the way that UML can be taken to the next level of automated software development practice. I highly recommend this book to anyone who is looking to get the most out of UML."

—Shane Sendall, PhD, Senior Researcher, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne

The release of Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.0 places renewed emphasis on the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Within UML, OCL is the standard for specifying expressions that add vital information to object-oriented models and other object-modeling artifacts. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) relies on OCL to add the level of programming detail necessary to enable platform-specific models (PSM) to communicate with platform-independent models (PIM).

This book is a practical, accessible guide to OCL for software architects, designers, and developers. Much care has been taken during the redesign of OCL to ensure that the syntax remains readable and writable by the average software modeler. The Object Constraint Language, Second Edition, utilizes a case study to show how to exercise these compact but powerful expressions for maximum effect.

This newly updated edition

Explains why OCL is critical to MDA--and why UML alone is not enough

Introduces an SQL-like syntax to OCL

Defines the new language constructs of OCL 2.0

Demonstrates how OCL can be incorporated into code

Shares tips and tricks for applying OCL to real-world modeling challenges—showing which can be solved with UML and which require OCL

Using a combination of UML and OCL allows developers to realize the effective, consistent, and coherent models that are critical to working with MDA. The authors' pragmatic approach and illustrative use of examples will help application developers come quickly up to speed with this important object-modeling method—and will serve as a ready reference thereafter.

About the Author

Jos Warmer is the primary author of the OCL standard. He is an active member of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) Revision Task Force, which defined the revisions in the UML 2.0 standard. Previously he was a member of the UML core team, where he was responsible for the development of the Object Constraint Language (OCL). The author of several books and numerous international articles, Jos is an advisor on the UML method and techniques at the De Nederlandsche Bank.

Anneke Kleppe is a consultant and adviser at Klasse Objecten, which she founded in 1995 to train and coach companies on the use of object technology, modeling, and MDA. She was intensively involved in the development of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the new UML 2.0 standard. The author of several books, Anneke started a knowledge center for object technology at KPN Research in Leidschendam, Netherlands. She is a member of the authoring team of the OCL 2 standard, where she has a special focus on the definition of the semantics of the OCL.

0321179366AB07222003

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Paperback: 240 pages
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional; 2 edition (September 6, 2003)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0321179366
• ISBN-13: 978-0321179364
• Product Dimensions: 9.2 x 7 x 0.6 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1 pounds
• Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #623,833 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • #78 in Books > Computers & Technology > Programming > Software Design, Testing & Engineering > UML

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars Needs to be reorganized - too much repetition, June 4, 2004

By A Customer

This review is from: The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA (2nd Edition) (Paperback)

I am puzzled that the any reviewer could give this book 5 stars - I can only give it 3 for the following reasons:

1) It is repetitive - Chapter 2, "OCL by example", covers much the same material that is presented in more detail in Chapter 3, "Building models with OCL" and also (in yet more detail) in Part 2, the "Reference Manual". Chapters 2 and 3 at least could be consolidated.
2) The book lacks focus and sometimes seems to ramble around lots of different topics.
3) For me, the book makes OCL, a fundamentally simple langauge, appear complex. This is largely because the explanations of OCL concepts are not clear or concise enough and are not presented soon enough or consistently enough. I also think that the authors could spend more time working out better examples and could express more of the OCL expressions in English to help the reader. Some diagrams illustrating some of the OCL expressions navigation paths through the models would be helpful.
4) The book lacks cohesion - it feels like lots of bits and pieces put together rather than a clear, focused exposition of OCL.
5) In some places it reads like an OCL apologia. For example the authors at one point state that if you don't like OCL syntax (and a lot of people don't) then you can create your own syntax. This is an accurate statement, but misses the point by a mile!
6) In some places it reads like an OCL sales pitch. I don't think the book presents a balanced view of OCL. It would be nice to have sections discussing some of the problems with OCL (and how to get around them) and perhaps a section discussing why it has been so slow to get off the ground (if indeed it has got off the ground yet). Jos Warmer is the primary author of the OCL so we can expect some bias, but I would have liked a more balanced approach.
7) Chapter 5, "Using OCL for MDA" seems to be redundant. The language used in Chapter 5 is not OCL - it is an extended non-standard version of OCL. I think that the chapter is trying to position OCL as the basis of the QVT (Query/Views/Transformations) language that is subject of an OMG RFP. Unfortunately this chapter might prove to be an own goal because on page 102 you see that a large amount of extended OCL code is needed to specify one of the most simple transformations possible. You come away from the chapter thinking that there just has to be a better way to do it than this!
8) All the UML models could be layed out more neatly. For example, figure 2.1, which is a key figure, is a bit of a mess - lots of bent lines, constraints, role names and multiplicities all close together and interfering with each other. A bit of time spent laying out the diagrams could make all the models much easier to read. This would make the whole book more appealing and easier to read.

Despite what I've said above, there is still a lot to like about this book (hence the 3 stars). It succeeds in providing a reasonable OCL reference and some sections (e.g. 3.10, "Tips and Hints") are very good.

5 of 6 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Take your Software Engineering Skills to the next level, November 18, 2003

By 

ART SEDIGHI (Old Bethpage, NY United States) - See all my reviews

This review is from: The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA (2nd Edition) (Paperback)

This books thru explanations, clear and concrete examples and a concise case study shows the reader how to take your software engineering skills to the next level. It shows practical uses and examples of the concepts that you leaned while studying Object Oriented concepts in school. For the Computer Scientists, this book is one smile after another of how some things that you always thought was great in concept have showed up in the real world. For a book that's less than 300 pages long, it sure compacts lots of information in there.

This was my encounter with the Object Constraint Language, or OCL. I have been using UML for work for a number of years now, but I never gave OCL a second thought other than a "nice-to-have-conpcept-that-makes-your-life-harder-than-its-worth" type of technology. This book was an eye opener. I am really glad that I took the time to real this book.

The book has three major parts:
1) User manual
2) Reference Manual
3) Appendices

By looking at the TOC, one is not really impressed. User manual? Reference Manual? I thought I am going to be bored to no end while reading this book. The TOC does not do justice to the book. The author in chapter 1 introduces MDA and its benefits (Portability, Productivity, Cross-platform interoperability, and easier maintenance and documentation). The author then introduces the concept of Modeling Maturity Levels (MML), which is very similar to the CMM levels for Software Engineering. MML has five levels and is used as an indication of, "...what role models play in your software development process, and the direction you need to take to improve this process."

i) Level 0: No Specification. Add-hoc development
ii) Level 1: Textual. Specs written in one or more natural language documents
iii) Level 2: Text with Diagrams. Several high-level diagrams are added to explain the over-all architecture
iv) Level 3: Models with Text. Models with a very specific and well-defined meaning, forms the specification of the software
v) Level 4: Precise Models. "A Model, meaning a consistent and coherent set of texts and/or diagrams with a very specific and well-defined meaning, specifies the software"
vi) Level 5: Models only. There will only be models and that is all.

Level 4, which is where MDA is targeted towards, is enabled only thru the use of a language such as OCL. I have never heard or seen anything on MML, but I certainly hope that people start using it more b/c it clearly explains an organization's software development process maturity.

In the rest of the chapters of part 1, the author goes thru extensive set of examples showing how to use OCL. Chapter 2, titled "OCL By Example" is a case study of what is referred to as a "Royal & Loyal" application in which there are tons of short, long, beginner, advanced, and everything in the middle types of examples.

One example of a concept that you would love to apply in the real world is the concept of "Design by Contract" (Chapter 3, page 43). There are a couple of books written on this topic (Meyer, McKim, etc...), but they all focus on Eiffel. OCL being language independent abstracts some of the limitations that some of the programming languages have and enables the developer to apply the idea of contracts thru preconditions and post-conditions. One still has to worry about the "under the hood" implementation of these concepts, but it is very nice to see that there are tools out there that are heading towards that direction. The author spends the rest of chapter 3 of the book applying OCL to various aspects of UML such a state charts, class diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams and Use-case diagrams.

A somewhat complete and good example of how OCL maps in to a programming language such a Java is shown in Chapter 4. It's a good reference, but at the beginning of the chapter, the author gives the URL of a web site that is dedicated to providing OCL implementation in various languages (http://www.klasse.nl/ocl/).

In part 2 of the book, various aspects of OCL such the context of an OCL expression are explained. The examples that were drawn in part 1 are used in go deeper into the heart of OCL and show the reader what is actually going on.
Chapters 7 thru 9, which are my favorite chapters in this book, are used to explain the elements of OCL. What makes up OCL? Data structures, user defined types, predefined types, and built-in operations. These chapters are truly reference manuals of OCL, but with tables, examples, and very short but sweet explanation of each topic. Each topic takes one-half or three-quarters of a page and is followed by a couple of examples. Chapter 9 on data structures that make up OCL (Bag, Set. OrderedSet, and Sequence) is probably the most important chapter of all three, since manipulation of collections is very common in almost any application.

All and all, the author did a great job showing the value and the promise of OCL as a technology that can take software engineering to its next level with the help of MDA.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Added value, December 4, 2003

By 

Dino Seelig (The Netherlands) - See all my reviews

This review is from: The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA (2nd Edition) (Paperback)

The Object Constraint Language Second Edition written by Anneke Kleppe and Jos Warmer, explains in no time, how to complete your Platform Independent Models, with business and query language.
The UML2.0 renewed emphasis on the Object Constraint Language extends the functionality needed to model more, and to program less.

This book focuses on the Business Rules implementation in MDA, and brings the details needed.
Step by step the book explains the OCL language and provides the reader with the knowledge to use OCL from a MDA point of view using transformation examples translating OCL to Java business rules.

This book can be considered as "Added value", also when readers are already familiar with the book 'MDA Explained The Model Driven Architect Practice and Promise book written by Anneke Kleppe, Jos Warmer and Wim Bast'.
The overlap is small.

Using the theory from the books, I succeeded in writing a bridge from Uniface to UML using XMI and visa versa.
In MDA terminology we transform a Platform Independent Model (PIM) to a Platform Specific Model (PSM).
We translate an Object Oriented Model to a Entity Relationship Model, including the OCL translation to simple business rules.

Have fun reading