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Useful account of Britain's energy crisis, December 4, 2008
This review is from: Out of the Energy Labyrinth: Uniting Energy and the Environment to Avert Catastrophe (Paperback)
David Howell, a Secretary of State for Energy under Thatcher, and Carole Nakhle, Energy Research Fellow at the University of Surrey, have produced a useful survey of Britain's energy crisis.
They sensibly write of recent US-British policy towards the Middle East, "What is crystal clear is that the Washingtonian belief in overwhelming force as the means of spreading democracy and `Western values', and thus stabilizing the world's dangerous regions - thereby ensuring reliable energy supplies - is a deeply flawed strategy. The outcome is the opposite." And, "The UK, by its compliance with US strategies, has placed its foreign policy in limbo and severely weakened its capacity to influence events - and to ensure energy security. It needs urgently to build ties with new friends - countries which are now setting the global agenda."
The authors show that we could reduce plane and car travel by investing in a better rail network. For example, by introducing the magnetic levitation system, as on the Tokyo-Osaka line, we could travel from London to Edinburgh at 280-300 mph.
They observe that we need new North Sea gas pipelines and new gas storage facilities, noting that the Thatcher government turned down British Gas's proposal to build a pipeline to bring gas from Norway's fields. We also need better oil refineries: the USA recovers 90% of the crude oil it gets, Britain only 75%. They call for `a modern domestic coal industry' - ironic, coming from a member of the government that did its damndest to destroy our coal industry, with its 1,000 years of reserves.
They point out that about 25 gigawatts (GW) of Britain's total power generation capacity of 75 GW will close by 2020. The government says that wind power will provide 35 GW (which would need 15,000 wind turbine generators). However, wind power is intermittent and variable and therefore unreliable. (When a 30 mph wind drops to 10 mph, the power output falls by 96%.) The government's policy of depending on wind is not designed to meet Britain's energy needs, but to obey the EU directive to cut carbon emissions by 80% by 2050.
To fill the energy gap, we need both nuclear power and clean coal technology with carbon capture and storage. Nuclear energy is a viable, low-carbon alternative that is not intermittent and is far cheaper than renewable energy. The authors admit that successive governments have allowed the rundown of our nuclear capacity. In 1980 the Thatcher government announced plans to build eleven nuclear power stations, but built only one, Sizewell B.
So we need to build a new generation of nuclear power-stations. This would create thousands of jobs for decades and reskill our workforce. However, as the authors acknowledge, the market cannot deliver this. The government would have to take the lead, and would have to ignore the EU and its rules against state aid to industry.
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