Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust [Hardcover]

Richard C. Lukas (Editor)

Book Description

Publication Date: September 21, 1989

" Richard Lukas's book, encompassing the wartime recollections of sixty "ordinary" Poles under Nazi occupation, constitutes a valuable contribution to a new perspective on World War II. Lukas presents gripping first-person accounts of the years 1939-1945 by Polish Christians from diverse social and economic backgrounds. Their narratives, from both oral and written sources, contribute enormously to our understanding of the totality of the Holocaust. Many of those who speak in these pages attempted, often at extreme peril, to assist Jewish friends, neighbors, and even strangers who otherwise faced certain death at the hands of the German occupiers. Some took part in the underground resistance movement. Others, isolated from the Jews' experience and ill informed of that horror, were understandably preoccupied with their own survival in the face of brutal condition intended ultimately to exterminate or enslave the entire Polish population. These recollections of men and women are moving testimony to the human courage of a people struggling for survival against the rule of depravity. The power of their painful witness against the inhumanities of those times is undeniable.

Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Lukas, author of Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation , here assembles oral histories by 60 Christian Polish men and women who survived the Nazi occupation. Told in plain language, their moving testimonies recount the sadism, mass murders, deportations and imprisonment which Poles suffered at the hands of Hitler's invading army. These first-person narratives demonstrate that thousands of Poles courageously rescued Jews, at great risk to their own lives. One point of controversy is Lukas's intention with this oral history to refute the "stereotype" that Poles were anti-Semites who "at a minimum were indifferent to the Germans' treatment of the Jews. . . ." Yet, in an introductory essay, he supportively quotes comments about the "unresisting attitude" and "passivity" of Jewish victims of Nazism. In this treatment, he largely ignores the torrent of anti-Semitic legislation, daily brutality and prejudice that many Polish Jews faced prior to the German occupation.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal

Korbonski was a prominent leader of the Polish underground resistance to German occupation during World War II, and, since leaving Poland in 1947, he has been a major figure among Polish political exiles in the United States. He provides a rapid-fire review of efforts by the Polish underground to assist Jews and to inform the Western allies of the destruction of Polish Jews. The second half of the book contradicts postwar charges of Polish anti-Semitism and reproduces statements and documents emphasizing Polish assistance to Jews. This vigorous partisan contribution to the ongoing debate about Polish attitudes and actions during the Jewish Holocaust is a valuable statement by a leading participant. For collections specializing in these subjects. Lukas presents a selection of oral and written memoirs of some 60 Polish men and women who lived through the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The contributors derive from a wide social and political background and their recollections, ranging from a few paragraphs to a dozen pages, are highly episodic rather than analytic or evaluative. Most discuss some aspect of the Jewish Holocaust, and some describe their efforts on behalf of Jews. Only a few refer candidly to animosities between Poles and Jews. There is a long litany of the brutalities of the occupation, only occasionally relieved by isolated acts of heroism and generosity. Unfortunately, almost no contributors report on the parts of Poland under Soviet occupation. Recommended for World War II and Holocaust collections.
- James B. Street, Santa Cruz P.L., Cal.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Hardcover: 224 pages
• Publisher: The University Press of Kentucky; First edition (September 21, 1989)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0813116929
• ISBN-13: 978-0813116921
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.3 x 0.8 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (3 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,672,147 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

12 of 12 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars An Information-Packed, Misrepresented Book, June 19, 2006

By 

Jan Peczkis "Scholar and Thinker" (Chicago IL, USA) - See all my reviews
(TOP 1000 REVIEWER)   

This review is from: Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust (Hardcover)

Richard C. Lukas has provided a detailed anthology of Poles who had undergone the brutal German conquest and occupation of Poland during WWII. The reader of this book becomes immediately aware of the fact that not only Jews but also gentile Poles suffered constant humiliation, privation, torture and large-scale death in the hands of the German Nazi occupant. The testimony of Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski (pp. 139-142) is especially revealing in that it includes discussion of his experiences as an inmate of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Henryk Wolinski (pp. 177-181) provides detail about his involvement in the aid of the Polish underground (AK) to Jews during their Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of April 1943. Wolinski soundly refutes charges that the AK did not provide more arms to the Jews because of anti-Semitic attitudes. He shows that the AK always had a severe shortage of arms, even a year later, when it came out in open warfare against the Germans.

This book includes mention of seldom-discussed factors tending to limit Polish aid to fugitive Jews. This not only includes the German-imposed death penalty for the slightest Polish assistance to Jews, but also the danger of fugitive Jews denouncing both would-be Polish rescuers and other Jews currently being hidden (Jackowski, p. 77; Kierszniewski, p. 90).

The careful (or even cursory) reader of this book can easily see that it has been egregiously misrepresented by he Publisher's Weekly review posted above. The claim that prewar and interwar Polish anti-Semitism had been ignored can be dispelled just by looking in the index (p. 194) which shows it discussed in no less than ten pages! The claim that prewar Polish Jews experienced "daily brutality and prejudice" is very much debatable. Based on direct personal experience, Januszewski (p. 79) points out that, while anti-Semitic legislation and incidents definitely occurred, most Poles got along well with Jews. He is of the opinion that prewar Polish anti-Semitism had been exaggerated. Wolinski, widely respected in both Polish and Jewish circles, is of the opinion that Polish anti-Semitism tended to die down in the face of common misfortunes caused by the German occupant (p. 178).

Of course, when they occurred, Polish-Jewish prejudices had been mutual, as candidly admitted by one Jewish scholar cited by Lukas (p. 9). Elsewhere, the Dubiks (p. 64) suggest that Polish anti-Semitism had been fueled by the prewar Jewish dominance of commerce and by the postwar Jewish over-representation in the hated Communist police establishment. Jackowski (p. 76) suggests that Polish anti-Semitism had been much stronger in eastern than in central Poland owing to the large number of Jews who had collaborated with the invading Soviet Communist forces. In fact, Czelny (p. 40) provides an eyewitness account of a group of Jewish militiamen guarding a group of Polish soldiers who had been disarmed by the invading Soviet armies.

The Publisher's Weekly review insinuates that Lukas was expressing an anti-Semitic opinion by suggesting that Jews were largely passive during the Holocaust itself. In fact, Jewish passivity has been discussed by numerous authors, including Jewish ones. For instance, the eminent Jewish psychiatrist, Bruno Bettelheim, cited by Lukas (p. 11), came out strongly against Jewish passivity. Does this make Bettelheim an anti-Semite in spite of himself? Furthermore, none of the authors of this volume presents Jewish passivity in any sort of pejorative manner other than perhaps the fact that most Jews seemed to be in denial about what was happening to them for a long time. Martin (pp. 117-118) discusses her experiences with Jews in this regard. Also, for a long time, Jews had tended to think of Germans as a cultured people (p. 47) for whom acts of genocide would be unimaginable. The Poles, in contrast, knew immediately what the Germans had in store for them, as Poland had been the recipient of German aggression for at least the last thousand years. For this reason alone, Poles were more prone to take up arms than the Jews.

21 of 24 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Learn the Truth About Poland's Assistance to Jews, February 17, 2000

By A Customer

This review is from: Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust (Hardcover)

From time to time, there are vague and unsubstantiated accusations that Poles did not do enough to assist the Jews during the German occupation of Poland and the ensuing Holocaust. Others gloss over the 3 million Polish gentiles murdered by the Germans during WWII. This book is a collection of eyewitness accounts of both the Holocaust and of Polish assistance to Jews. And, remember, that in Poland, unlike other German-occupied countries, the death penalty was imposed for the slightest assistance to Jews.

1 of 9 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars KINDA COOL READ, February 6, 2001

By 

Matt (Madison, OH USA) - See all my reviews

This review is from: Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust (Hardcover)

I thought this book was an ok read, but I wouldn't request just any old person to read it. I really liked how the people in the book explained the Holocaust and how it affected their lives. It amazed me what these people had to go through just to try to live and have a normal life. I also liked how the people explained what they did to live in specific details. What I didn't like about the book is how the people would talk about stuff a person like me would want to hear about, like, "your doing this for Poland",I mean not to be stuburn but I wanted to hear more about blood and gore. So that's my review, and thats my story and I'm stickin to it.