The origin of playing cards is obscure - China and India are the two most likely sources - as is the meaning of their symbols. The earliest reference to cards in Europe occured in Italy in 1299. The 52-card deck is now standard throughout the world. Playing cards are used for a variety of games: bridge, preference (a Russian card game), and other things as well, such as magic tricks, telling fortunes, boardgames, and simply for building houses of cards.