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Pakistan: A Hard Country [Hardcover]

Anatol Lieven
4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (26 customer reviews)


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Book Description

April 12, 2011
In the past decade Pakistan has become a country of immense importance to its region, the United States, and the world. With almost 200 million people, a 500,000-man army, nuclear weapons, and a large diaspora in Britain and North America, Pakistan is central to the hopes of jihadis and the fears of their enemies. Yet the greatest short-term threat to Pakistan is not Islamist insurgency as such, but the actions of the United States, and the greatest long-term threat is ecological change.

Anatol Lieven's book is a magisterial investigation of this highly complex and often poorly understood country: its regions, ethnicities, competing religious traditions, varied social landscapes, deep political tensions, and historical patterns of violence; but also its surprising underlying stability, rooted in kinship, patronage, and the power of entrenched local elites. Engagingly written, combining history and profound analysis with reportage from Lieven's extensive travels as a journalist and academic, Pakistan: A Hard Country is both utterly compelling and deeply revealing.



Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Lieven (Chechnya), who has reported on Pakistan off and on for 20 years, offers a compelling argument for reorienting Western interests (and investments) in its wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Given its enormous population (six times that of Afghanistan), the key role Pakistani intelligence plays in Western efforts against terrorism, the strong ties between Pakistan and Western countries (especially Britain), and the fact that Pakistan's army is one of Asia's strongest (complete with nuclear weapons), Lieven writes, "Pakistan is quite simply far more important to the region, the West and the world than is Afghanistan: a statement which is a matter not of sentiment but of mathematics." His extensive history and cartography of the country comes equipped with solid policy prescriptions—for drone attacks to be ceased and for the U.S. to acknowledge how powerfully the bungled invasion of Afghanistan contributed to instability in the region—and particularly the growth of the Taliban. Though his language can occasionally be patronizing, Lieven's writing is generally excellent. He wrestles huge amounts of material into a coherent whole, cogently explaining the intricate and interconnected roles played by kinship, regional allegiances, religion, and the military, shedding light on the country "in all its complex patchwork of light and shadow." (Apr.)
(c) Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.

Review

Kirkus, February 15, 2011
“Lieven breaks down his study by specific region; considers the structures of justice, religion, the military and politics in turn; and, finally, in a skillful, insightful synthesis, addresses the history of and issues concerning the Taliban, both Pakistani and Afghani. A well-reasoned, welcome resource for Western "experts" and lay readers alike.”

Edward Luce
“Everybody nowadays seems to take a view on Pakistan. Very few know what they're talking about. Anatol Lieven is that rare observer - a scholar who writes like the best kind of foreign correspondent about a country that he takes and measures on its own terms. Pakistan, a Hard Country offers an intimate and compellingly relevant portrait of an increasingly pivotal nation to the future of the world, for better or for worse. It fills a large gap in our understanding.”
 
Huffington Post, April 3, 2011
“Over the last decade, Lieven has been one of the smartest and most fair-minded commentators on the global situation, and in this important, very timely book, he explains the regions, classes, history, and prospects of Pakistan with equal value for both the neophyte and the expert. Based on Lieven's first-hand knowledge of the country for the past 20 years.”

Economist
, April 7, 2011
"Yet for drama, colour and complexity, [Pakistan] is hard to beat; and Anatol Lieven captures the richness of the place wonderfully. His book has the virtues of both journalism and scholarship..."
 
Foreign Policy’s The AfPak Channel blog, April 11, 2011
“The release of Anatol Lieven's latest book, Pakistan: A Hard Country, could not be timelier. This insightful, comprehensive portrait of Pakistan is the perfect antidote to stereotypical descriptions of the country as the most dangerous place in the world… Pakistan: A Hard Country has the power to dampen the paranoia about Pakistan's security complex, put terrorism in perspective, and humanize Pakistanis.”
 
Foreign Affairs, May/June 2011
“Challenging the notion that Pakistan is fragile, Lieven presents in exquisite detail how things actually work, for better or for worse, in that ‘hard country.’”

Evening Standard
, April 21, 2011
“The gulf between…the multiple realities most Pakistanis know - and how outsiders perceive their country is wide and deep. Lieven's book is an ambitious and much-needed attempt to bridge it. The most striking thing about the book is its informed and consistently sensible tone. This tone is not heard much in discussions about Pakistan, and it is refreshing. Lieven writes in an affable, conversational voice, but not a casual one. His observations are precise and judicious.”
 
Financial Times, April 22, 2011
“Pakistan, as Anatol Lieven explains in this thorough analysis of the internal sources of this resilience, will not disintegrate easily…He deftly tackles the misperception in the west that Islamist groups might easily sweep through Pakistan.”
 
The Nation, April 13, 2011
“This book could hardly be timelier. Lucid and well informed, he deals carefully with Pakistan’s well-known problems. He raises hope, avoiding the hysteria and partial judgment that disfigure much contemporary writing on the subject. Above all, he emanates a deep affection bordering on love for the unfortunate, beleaguered, magical Pakistan.”
 
The New Republic, May 5, 2011
“his book may be described as the most informed Gazetteer on contemporary Pakistan. Instead of the too often repeated narrative of Pakistan’s history and ills, he offers a broader sweep into the condition of the provinces, the climate, the political parties and their personalities—and, in his best chapter, an important discussion of how today’s Taliban represent a continuation of similar uprisings a century ago.
 
Dallas Morning News, May 9, 2011
“Since the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan last week, it’s become increasingly clear that anyone hoping to follow international affairs should perhaps have begun watching that country some time ago. Fortunately, Pakistan: A Hard Country serves as an outstanding primer — even reading just the introduction is supremely useful… Lieven crafts a lucid and thoroughly fascinating whole from a wealth of information… Lieven’s writing is excellent, especially crucial in a book tackling a topic with which many readers are entirely unfamiliar. Moreover, he clearly loves the place and its people. Pakistan: A Hard Country is the work of one of those rare writers able to see his subject in all its complexity, without either turning away or becoming a partisan of one perspective or the other.”
 
IBN Live, May 19, 2011
“If I had to review the book 'Pakistan: A Hard Country' in one line I would say it is brilliant. The book is well researched, informative, insightful, but most of all for a country that finds itself often in headline news for the wrong reasons, empathetic.”
 
The Age, May 20, 2011
“In his fine new book Pakistan. A Hard Country, Lieven argues that while the state is weak, Pakistani society is immensely strong.”
 
New Statesman, May 12, 2011
“does much to counter lazy assumptions about the country that proliferate elsewhere"
 
The Spectator, May 13, 2011
“His analysis of networks and systems is precise; his accounts of his travels illuminating as well as entertaining.”
 
The Guardian, May 1, 2011
“Lieven's Pakistan: A Hard Country is one such blow for clarity and sobriety… Lieven overturns many prejudices, and gives general readers plenty of fresh concepts with which to think about a routinely misrepresented country.”
 
The Independent, May 5, 2011
“Lieven's feat lies in his remarkable, flesh-and-blood portrait of the nation, ranging across demographic swathes and including a chorus of voices from farmers to intelligence officers. The picture is one of a semi-anarchic nation mired in police savagery, institutional corruption, population bulges, water shortages and the risk of catastrophic environmental disaster following last year's floods.”
 
The New York Times Book Review, June 26, 2011
“Ambitious…a sweeping and insightful narrative.”
 
Newsline Magazine, June, 2011
Pakistan: A Hard Country manages to be clear-headed and realistic, a welcome respite from the scare-mongering that taints so many western accounts of Pakistan.”
 
The Organiser (India), June 26, 2011
“This book is about the best that has been published in recent times about Pakistan.”
 
MoneyLife (India), June 18, 2011
Pakistan-A Hard Country is one of the most detailed accounts of a country which often seems like it is held together by chewing gum (or willpower, if you like)—but what still makes it tick? Anatol Lieven knows, and it shows in this work.”
 
Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2011
“[Lieven] brings an infectious enthusiasm to his task of summarizing the workings of the world's sixth most populous country. In this quest, he ranges effortlessly from a police station in Peshawar to a politician's mansion in the Punjab to the mean streets of Karachi. He dishes up pithy observations while delving deep into the nation's history, politics, culture and institutions… Mr. Lieven's eye for detail, command of subcontinental history and old-fashioned shoe-leather reporting make this in many ways an excellent primer on Pakistan.”
 
The Nation, July 18, 2011  
“Lieven has written a sensible and thorough exploration of Pakistan’s political sphere… Pakistan is a large subject, and an unforgivingly complicated one at that, yet Lieven manages to tackle some of its most obscure problems without losing his cool... Lieven has written a very measured book, no easy task when writing about such a hard country.”
 
TotalPolitics.com, summer reading guide, June 28, 2011
“counter-intuitive… [Lieven] argues that the question should be not why Islamist political movements are so strong in Pakistan today, but why they are so weak. Provocative.”
 
Irish Times, June 4, 2011
“An insightful book that is part anthropological study, part reportage. Threaded throughout are the voices of ordinary Pakistanis farmers, politicians, spooks, landowners, businessmen, soldiers, judges, clerics and jihadis whose contributions in the form of direct quotes enliven and illuminate this complex yet affectionate portrait of their country. Published just before bin Laden s death, the book does not read as if it has been overtaken by events. Indeed, its textured, penetrating survey of the dynamics shaping contemporary Pakistan could hardly be more timely, given the relative dearth of literature on the subject. Lieven makes a compelling case for why we should pay more attention to what is ...

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 592 pages
  • Publisher: PublicAffairs; 1 edition (April 12, 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1610390210
  • ISBN-13: 978-1610390217
  • Product Dimensions: 1.7 x 6 x 9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (26 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #282,542 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

And the book is very well written. David N. Thielen  |  6 reviewers made a similar statement
Those who follow the shallow coverage of the western media will realize how much we have been misinformed. Michael E. Murray MD  |  2 reviewers made a similar statement
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
41 of 42 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Inside Pakistan May 28, 2011
By Mike B
Format:Hardcover
In addition to the subtitle "A Hard Country" could also be added a "Complex Country". Mr. Lieven gives us Pakistan from that country's viewpoint and that is the great strength of this book.

We are presented with a turbulent multi-layered portrayal of a country surrounded by enemies (like India), unfriendly countries (like Iran) or failed states (like Afghanistan). Within Pakistan (with a population of close to 200 million) there are so many diverse groups competing with each other (sometimes violently) that it sometimes puts Pakistan's very survival in jeopardy.

As Mr. Lieven points out there are so many disparate Islamic groups and ethnicities that it is a misconception of Western countries that Pakistan is on the verge of becoming an Islamic State like Saudi Arabia. In fact, Pakistan is a veritable marketplace of different brands of Islam. At this stage the Taleban (spelt in this book with an "e" instead of an "i") would be unable to overthrow the government. They may be powerful in the ungoverned FATA and NWFP provinces, but aside from terrorist attacks they have not made significant inroads in the main provinces of Punjab and Sindh - actually the army has taken significant containment steps. The Talebans' austere brand of Islam would not sit well with the abundant Islamic groups who worship saints and shrines.

But this book still gives a gloomy view of the country - a state befuddled by corruption, patronage and an inept judicial system (that inadvertently promotes Taleban quick justice). It is also a state swept up in delusional paranoia that believes, among other delusions, that the Sept. 11 attacks were done by Israel, the Bush administration...

It is a state that since its inception in 1947 is ruled by fear - fear outside its borders - particularly of India and at one time of communism. It is ruled by fear from within - there is a separatist faction in Balochistan, the growth of fundamentalism in the Frontier areas. It's largest city Karachi, has several feuding ethnic groups. Also, all ranks of the population hate the U.S. for their presence in Afghanistan - for fighting other Muslims. Pakistan views Afghanistan as its own proxy state and fears any Indian influence their.

As per Mr. Lieven the only operative success in Pakistan is the army - to use a Prussian term "it is an army with a state".

This is not a pretty picture - it is an extremely volatile mix. As I remarked at the beginning, we are given a view from the Pakistani perspective. Unfortunately, we on the outside, view Pakistan as a breeding ground for global terrorists - terrorists who move easily between Afghanistan and Pakistan. If Pakistan cannot control this, along with the madrassa schools of religious indoctrination, the West will likely continue to intervene militarily in this area. This also needs to be coupled with humanitarian aid for both countries.

I learnt much from this book. We are provided with a wide scope of vivid portraits. The outlook given the illiteracy (particularly of women) and lack of broad-based education does not look promising. Mr. Lieven also warns us of the ecological disasters awaiting Pakistan, in a sense much more critical than the Islamic one, due to the rapidly expanding population.
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50 of 55 people found the following review helpful
Format:Hardcover
If I had to review the book `Pakistan: A Hard Country' in one line I would say it is brilliant. The book is well researched, informative, insightful, but most of all for a country that finds itself often in headline news for the wrong reasons, empathetic.
Pakistan is an enigma for even its own citizens. Mr Lieven loosens the knot of this enigma one thread at a time. Lieven has spent many years in the country and the region as a journalist. The network, knowledge and understanding he has assembled is evident each page of the book. What is more, he explains the country not just to western readers. His analysis opens new space for Pakistani readers too.
Lieven leads the reader through an apparent chaotic labyrinth that for many defines Pakistan. Step by step, he picks up each strand of the country's many facets: its politics, social structure, economy and security to weave a narrative that explains a country and its many problems. Pakistan's apparent follies no longer remain unique to the country. Its rent seeking and insensitive elite has its counterparts in many countries around the world. Its citizens' penchant to put the blame for all of the country's problems on foreign governments and their inability to own up to responsibility too is not unusual. Lieven contextualizes Pakistani attitudes in its social structure. He dedicates chapters to each of Pakistan's four provinces. They reveal a country diverse in many ways and yet integrated by common values and shared insecurities.
Among all these currents, Lieven leaves the reader reassured. Despite many natural disasters and challenges resulting from the follies of its governing class, the Pakistani people retain their heads above water. Through hope and surprising self-belief, the larger Pakistani population not only survives, but also believes in a better country for their children. Lieven feels that the country is too important to be given the capricious treatment it has so often received from its allies. The focus on Afghanistan must not detract from Pakistan's centrality. There will be no stability in the region without progress in Pakistan. Any military adventure against the country would not just be counterproductive. It may be a catastrophe.
Lieven's lucid prose is alive with details of personal anecdotes that enrich and strengthen his narrative. Perhaps the definitive work on Pakistan and one to be read by all those interested in the country and the region.
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16 of 16 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars An informative read on a complex country June 4, 2011
Format:Hardcover
This timely book has its merits and could undoubtedly contribute to a more nuanced interpretation of events in this important country. One can only hope that people involved in the foreign policy of the United States take note as one message that Mr. Lieven does get across is that a US-military intervention in Pakistan would have disastrous consequences for the whole of Southeast Asia.

Mr. Lieven explains the very big social and ethnic differences which characterise the 4 states which constitute Pakistan. Every observer should take these into account before drawing any conclusions on events in this `hard' and fascinating country. Terrorist attacks by the Taliban in Pathan-dominated regions have entirely different motives than for instance attacks by Baluchistan terrorists, financed by India.

Lieven illustrates very well how institutions (such as a judicial system, politics...), which characterize democratic countries have been adapted and perverted in Pakistan into something which cannot contribute to the efficient functioning of a modern state. Corruption and patronage seems to be intimately linked to politics and the judicial system seems to act inherently slow and to benefit only the rich...

The merit of this book is to underline this and should help Western journalists not to draw the wrong, tendentious conclusions.

The success of the Taliban in imposing shariah in the tribal areas, is for quite a lot of Western journalists an illustration of the dangers of this awful repressive and regressive regime. Lieven shows however that in the mainly Pathan-dominated regions the local population simply prefers to replace the state judicial system by a system which is experienced as faster and more just. The state judicial system is very slow, often corrupt and is de facto a colonial relic, imposed on the people with the utmost disregard for the existing traditional ethical system of Pasthunwali. It will come as a surprise, but the female population even prefers the shariah, as it is experiences it as more female-friendly than the old Pasthunwali system.

Politics in the Pakistani way seems to be a caricature of the democratic system known in the Western world. Votes are cast along tribal or feudal lines, mostly simply on basis of clientelism. The military is apparently the only institution based on meritocracy and has played a rather positive role in this state and could well be much more beneficial for the country and its people than for instance the democratically-elected kleptocracy of President Zardari. The Bhutto-regimes, mostly depicted positively in the Western press, were characterized by huge corruption

Pakistan is obviously a very intriguing but also complicated country. It is a pity that the confused organisation of this book does not always contribute to a clear understanding. One has the impression that for some reason this book has been hurried for publication.
The author does put in a lot of factual details, often on basis of first-hand experience gathered during his frequent visits to the country, however this does not always lead to a strong argumentation.
The author's statement that environmental factors could have a catastrophic impact on the future of Pakistan, mentioned in the introduction and in the conclusion is not worked out at all.

The subtitle `A Hard Country' does not completely reflect the theme of the book, which pays an undue great attention to the phenomenon of the Taliban, most likely due to Mr. Lieven's background as a journalist.

A very big deficiency of this book is the complete lack of maps.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
4.0 out of 5 stars Very comprehensive review of Pakistan
There is too much here for the layperson who only has a passing interest in Pakistan and its threats to us. Read more
Published 3 months ago by B. Crosby
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent
Based on a lot of direct research work, travelling all over the place and interviewing many people from all backgrounds, it paints a detailed picture of how present-day Pakistan... Read more
Published 3 months ago by Michele Mottini
5.0 out of 5 stars Shifts the focus away from short term irrelvancies
I really appreciated this book because it - very correctly - plays down the (Western media generated) hype about Islamism and other trivialities, and focuses on the truly... Read more
Published 4 months ago by Firdaus Janoos
5.0 out of 5 stars A Refreshing Re-look at Pakistan
Pakistan:A hard Country is an interesting book, written with an open mind. Lieven's insight in the social and cultural fabric of Pakistan is unique in the sense that what we as... Read more
Published 5 months ago by Mohammad Ashraf Chaudhry
5.0 out of 5 stars Great in depth and informative read on a very complicated and...
Great in depth and informative read on a very complicated and interesting country. Well researched and well written. Also a good book to read before travelling to Pakistan.
Published 5 months ago by ABrar
5.0 out of 5 stars How it works, if it does...
Personally, reading this book left me feeling that I know so much more about Pakistan than I did before, & that I understand so much more than I did before, & yet, because of the... Read more
Published 13 months ago by Souvik Mitra
5.0 out of 5 stars Incredibly good book
My mom bought me this book and I thought I was going to find it ok. Boy was I wrong. He makes the country and all the various groups in it come alive. Read more
Published 14 months ago by David N. Thielen
3.0 out of 5 stars Nice overview of the complexity of Pakistan
Anatol Lieven's book is very well researched and he gives you a flavor of the complexity of Pakistan, which has been absent in most simplistic writings about the country. Read more
Published 15 months ago by killerTcell
5.0 out of 5 stars A pox on all your houses
If what the author is saying has any reality to it, then US policy from Iraq to India over the last 20 years has been the height of folly. Read more
Published 15 months ago by Charles S. Fisher
5.0 out of 5 stars It doesn't look good....
Je viens de terminer un excellent livre sur le Pakistan.

C'est écrit par Anatole Lieven, professeur de relation internationale au King's College à Londres. Read more
Published 17 months ago by Danny Cote
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