10 of 10 people found the following review helpful:
2.0 out of 5 stars
Disappointingly biased without supporting evidence, November 7, 2008
The Panama Canal is not the first book in the Wonders of the World series we've purchased. Thus I was dumbfounded to find the inaccuracies and outright bias with which The Panama Canal ends.
I am a trained medical scientist, a member of the American Chemical Society's medicinal and analytical divisions - one with a lifetime love of history. Thus, when I read "Black Carribeans suffered a higher rate of death from accidents and disease than any other group in the Canal Zone" I want to see the supporting evidence for that claim, especially as the author blames this disparity on official US government policy of segregation.
The eradication of yellow fever and control of malaria in the Panama Canal Zone under the lead of William Gorgas is one of the finest accomplishments of the United States Public Health Service, one for which we remain grateful even today. One recent report from Harvard University's Contagion program states:
"Gorgas's success in Panama was as dramatic as in Cuba: by 1906, he eradicated yellow fever and contained malaria during the canal's 10-year construction period. Gorgas's sanitary workers drained, or covered with kerosene, all sources of standing water to prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs and larvae from developing; fumigated areas infested with adult mosquitoes; isolated disease-stricken patients with screening and netting; and constructed quarantine facilities. In major urban centers, new domestic water systems provided running water to residents, thereby eliminating the need for collecting rain water in barrels, which had provided perfect breeding sites for mosquitoes carrying yellow fever.
The US government's $20 million investment in the sanitation program also provided free medical care and burial services to thousands of employees. In addition, Gorgas's sanitation department dispensed approximately one ton of prophylactic quinine each year at 21 dispensaries along the Panama Canal route and added hospital cars to trains that crossed the Isthmus. Each year, hospitals treated approximately 32,000 workers, and 6,000 were treated in sick camps."
[...]
I have no doubt that more blacks suffered accidents & illness while working on the Panama Canal than did whites. Most of the lower paid jobs were filled by minorities from all over the world - Indians, Chinese and yes, Caribbeans. Most of the engineers were from the United States and white. There were very few black engineers anywhere in the world in 1903. But to describe that higher accident and illness rate as a result of racism is a total fallacy. More importantly, I have found no reliable statistics that bear out Mann's assertion that Caribbean workers suffered any higher rates of injury/illness than Indian workers or other ethnic groups.
In 1903 - the same year the US took over construction of the Panama Canal - a group of people in North Pownal, Vermont, suffered a much higher rate of accident and illness than their neighbors. Their children received a poor education and were often forced into dangerous work by age 10. These people were mostly immigrants and many did not speak English. They lived in substandard housing. They had little hope of ever leaving their dead end jobs or earning much more than they were making. You can read their story in
Counting on Grace. Make no mistake, this is a story that was repeated in virtually every town and city in New England in 1903. And it is not a story about racism or disparate treatment because of color. It is a story about poverty, low pay and lack of rights for workers. That, too, is a story that is with us even today.
I was further dumbfounded to read that in Mann's estimation the building of the Panama Canal provided no military advantage to the US. Certainly the US Navy would disagree with her assessment. The Panama Canal was vital to US and Allied interests during WWII and made a response to the destruction of the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor possible months earlier than would have otherwise occurred.
Nothing pains me more than to see the rewriting of history taught to children in order to push some "politically correct" agenda. We've plenty of incidents of real bias that none need be invented. This is one Wonders of the World book that will not be used in my classroom. And I'll be very cautious about buying any others in the series.
Not recommended.
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6 of 7 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars
Engineering triumphs of many different types, May 14, 2005
The Panama Canal was an incredible triumph of engineering and the final move towards completion was a patently illegal action by U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt. Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer who had built the Suez Canal was attempting to build the canal across Panama, but the company that he headed eventually abandoned the project in disgrace. At that time, Panama was a state in Columbia and President Roosevelt tried to get the Columbians to sign a treaty ceding the rights to a canal to the United States. When he considered the conditions demanded by the Columbians to be too onerous, he supported a "rebellion" in Panama that led to independence from Columbia. A treaty was then signed and the Americans started work on the canal.
The problems that had to be overcome were substantial, and they are very well detailed in this book. The damming of the Chagres River to make the 164 square mile reservoir Gatun Lake was a stroke of genius as it created a large waterway and provided a source of water to run the locks. I was surprised to learn that there are only 12 locks in the canal. A lot of this is due to the enormous amount of earth that was moved to create the Culebra cut, a ditch 272 feet deep and wide enough for ocean-going ships to pass through. It also requires 52 million gallons of water for a ship to go through the canal.
However, the greatest single problem to be solved had nothing to do with moving earth. It was the battle against the jungle and the associated tropical diseases. All of this is explained in great detail, including the solutions to these problems. This is an excellent way for children to learn how the Panama Canal was created and I recommend it to everyone who teaches history to children.
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