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The Political Philosophy of Hobbes: Its Basis and Its Genesis (Phoenix Books)

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Leo Strauss, in his first printed work, does a superb job of distilling Hobbes essential ideas on man. By showing us the educational background of Hobbes and the philosophers he read Strauss, shows how Hobbes comes to believe that "man acts out of fear of death". The preservation of life is the primary goal of man in the "Hobbesean" world. "Vanity is the force that makes men blind, fear is the force which makes men see".

Strauss points out that Hobbes started out as a classical political philosopher who was influenced by his readings of Aristotle and Plato. Not until Hobbes was forty years old and he discovered the works of Euclid did Hobbes move away from the "humanist" view to a more "scientific" approach to political philosophy. Euclid teaches Hobbes that politics must have a philosophy; it can't just be studied through history. Hobbes criticism of Aristotle and historism was; "that the historian takes the great as his standard, while the philosopher is concerned with the right and true". Hobbes is the first to see clearly between "right" and "law" the state is founded on the "right" "law" is a mere consequence. Strauss points out that, "Hobbes becomes the first philosopher to realize that politics can be raised to the rank of science".

This book is not an easy read for the casual reader but is essential for one to understand the concept of political philosophy.

I just want to note that quotations from Latin in this book are left untranslated so if you are not familiar with this language, a scholarly reading may require additonal work on your part.

Leo Strauss, in his first printed work, does a superb job of distilling Hobbes essential ideas on man. By showing us the educational background of Hobbes and the philosopher's he read Strauss shows how Hobbes comes to believe that "man acts out of fear of death." The preservation of life is the primary goal of man in the "Hobbesian" world. "Vanity is the force that makes men blind, fear is the force which makes men see".

Strauss points out that Hobbes started out as a classical political philosopher who was influenced by his readings of Aristotle and Plato. Not until Hobbes was forty years old and when he discovered the works of Euclid, did Hobbes move away from the "humanist" view to a more "scientific" approach to political philosophy. Euclid teaches Hobbes that politics must have a philosophy; it can't just be studied through history. Hobbes criticism of Aristotle and historism was; "that the historian takes the great as his standard, while the philosopher is concerned with the right and true." Hobbes is the first to see clearly between "right" and "law" the state is founded on the "right" "law" is a mere consequence. Strauss points out that, "Hobbes becomes the first philosopher to realize that politics can be raised to the rank of science."

As a graduate student in philosophy and history, I recommend this book for advanced students of those disciplines, as well as politics. This book is not an easy read for the casual reader but is essential for one to understand the concept of political philosophy.

Leo Strauss, in his first printed work, does a superb job of distilling Hobbes essential ideas on man. By showing us the educational background of Hobbes and the philosopher's he read Strauss shows how Hobbes comes to believe that "man acts out of fear of death." The preservation of life is the primary goal of man in the "Hobbesian" world. "Vanity is the force that makes men blind, fear is the force which makes men see".

Strauss points out that Hobbes started out as a classical political philosopher who was influenced by his readings of Aristotle and Plato. Not until Hobbes was forty years old and when he discovered the works of Euclid, did Hobbes move away from the "humanist" view to a more "scientific" approach to political philosophy. Euclid teaches Hobbes that politics must have a philosophy; it can't just be studied through history. Hobbes criticism of Aristotle and historism was; "that the historian takes the great as his standard, while the philosopher is concerned with the right and true." Hobbes is the first to see clearly between "right" and "law" the state is founded on the "right" "law" is a mere consequence. Strauss points out that, "Hobbes becomes the first philosopher to realize that politics can be raised to the rank of science."

As a graduate student in philosophy and history, I recommend this book for advanced students of those disciplines, as well as politics. This book is not an easy read for the casual reader but is essential for one to understand the concept of political philosophy.

I read somewhere that Strauss carried this book in a water-tight container when he crossed the channel to England so that, even if the ship went down, his work would survive. However that may be, it is the rare opportunity to see Strauss genuinely struggle with a problem. The prevailing opinion, I am told, is that Hobbes' science, or the discovery of Galileo's analytic-synthetic method, was the origin of Hobbes political philosophy (the analysis of the prevailing order (state of nature), the synthesis or construction of a new order (Leviathan)). Strauss makes the convincing argument that not the scientific method, but instead Aristotelian humanism (in particular, the anthropology of the Rhetoric) was the "source" for Hobbes' Staatslehre. Central to this is a critique of aristocratism, and the aristocratic valorization of courage. Not courage but cowardice and the fear of death is the ruling passion of the Hobbesian bourgeois (if Bloom learned anything from Strauss, it was that). In particular, Hobbes borrowed from the Rhetoric the treatment of anger, in which the most asocial human passion is the desire for revenge (and justice). Strauss later repudiated (in Natural Right) the argument against Hobbes scientism, but the point was made.