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Powering the Dream: The History and Promise of Green Technology [Bargain Price] [Hardcover]

Alexis Madrigal
4.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (9 customer reviews)

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Book Description

March 29, 2011
Few today realize that electric cabs dominated Manhattan's streets in the 1890s; that Boise, Idaho, had a geothermal heating system in 1910; or that the first megawatt turbine in the world was built in 1941 by the son of publishing magnate G. P. Putnam--a feat that would not be duplicated for another forty years. Likewise, while many remember the oil embargo of the 1970s, few are aware that it led to a corresponding explosion in green-technology research that was only derailed when energy prices later dropped.

In other words: We've been here before. Although we may have failed, America has had the chance to put our world on a more sustainable path. Americans have, in fact, been inventing green for more than a century.

Half compendium of lost opportunities, half hopeful look toward the future, Powering the Dream tells the stories of the brilliant, often irascible inventors who foresaw our current problems, tried to invent cheap and energy renewable solutions, and drew the blueprint for a green future.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

Kirkus, 3/1/11
“Eye-opening micro-histories about American energy past, with an eye to the future...A well-told cautionary tale about the need for widespread renewable-energy production.”

Conservation, March 2011
“It’s refreshing to read a history book whose intent is to improve decisions in the present and near future…[An] able account of the very checkered history of green energy schemes in America…Madrigal has the best critique I’ve seen of the ‘appropriate technology’ philosophy promoted by my Whole Earth Catalog in the 1970s…[An] admirable book.”
 
Booklist, 4/1/11
“Madrigal rises above politics to review the surprisingly long and fruitful history of renewable energy in the U.S….He shows beyond a doubt that the past will lead the way to a greener future.”
 
Library Journal, 3/15/11
“Part history of America’s use of green technologies, part history of our relationship with that technology, and part hope for the future…On all these counts, the book is successful…Recommended for general readers with an interest in America’s past, present, and future relationship with green technology.”

Bookforum
, April/May 2011
“Madrigal manages—without any gonzo shenanigans—to engage and sometimes even electrify the reader with lean and jaunty prose, skillful storytelling, analytic theorizing, and a proficiency in factual gee-whizzery…He makes the dream of a perfect power source seem all the more urgent, nowthat we know for how long, and in how many past episodes, it’s been deferred.”
 
Grist.org, 3/28/11
“[An] absorbing, often astonishing new book…Rather than rehash well-understood problems or relitigate well-entrenched debates, Madrigal tells stories, unlikely, idiosyncratic stories, about real human beings…The book yields a continual sense of discovery, sometimes delight. Madrigal has produced a kind of anti-history: a chronicle of paths not taken, failed visionaries and cranks, near-misses and fiascos. Along the way there are lessons learned, but no Grand Theories or first principles. With epistemic humility that's rare in the green space, Madrigal picks through these events for observations about what seems to work and how we might avoid our past mistakes.”
 
Mother Jones (website), 3/29/11
“[Madrigal is] a master at autopsies of promising yet deceased technologies.”
 
Time.com, 4/6/11
“[An] excellent new book...Madrigal shows that American policy toward green energy has been a mess, long before this new batch of Republicans went into Congress fixed on dismantling environmental protections.”
 
New York Journal of Books, April 2011
“In a world reeling from the news of the nuclear plant failures at Fukushima, no book could be more timely than Alexis Madrigal’s Powering the Dream. Headlines filled with nuclear disaster and soaring oil prices have reignited the energy debate while news stories about alternative energy focus almost exclusively on the sexiest new technology. What’s lacking is contextual background and perspective. Powering the Dream provides that…This book is far from a dull scientific read. Mr. Madrigal is a storyteller. He seems naturally drawn to the drama of success and failure and the fascinating eccentrics and visionaries that taken part in the battle of energy technologies…Those who are concerned about the future of energy and the environment will find Powering the Dream a very informative and useful resource.”
 
Outside, May 2011
“Better batteries won't be enough to charge the future, argues Alexis Madrigal in the beautifully wrought Powering the Dream. With an eye to misfires in America's past…he astutely points to what it might take: technocrats wise enough to see that we need to reinvent not just our technology but our relationship with it."
 
OnEarth.org, 4/15/11
“[This book] may jolt many environmentalists…Madrigal’s survey of our past failures to get renewable energy off the ground is endlessly provocative.”
 
TheAtlantic.com, 4/11/11
“Madrigal's tour of the forgotten history of green technology is more than just an entertaining jaunt back through time…The history he documents is instructive to our current energy policy debate.”
 
InfoDad.com, 4/14/11
“Madrigal seems to understand better than most writers on this topic that capitalism itself can be the great growth engine producing better and greener technology…Madrigal’s willingness to consider the many green-tech attempts of the past, most of them failed but so many of them fascinating, is a refreshing change from the doomsday scenarios so common in alternative-energy writing…His belief that solutions can be found, and that the past may hold the key to coming up with a better future, is salutary and most welcome.”
 
PopMatters.com, 4/20/11
“Personable and engaging…Refreshingly, it’s not a depressing, we’ve completely screwed up the planet kind of book. There’s an optimism that shines through...In the end, Madrigal writes a book that works on many levels. While not particularly scholarly, his simple statements…do ask audiences to think critically, his chapter openings are catchy, and his optimism gives readers hope that it’s not too late to find greener technologies.”

Internet Review of Books, 4/22/11
“A wonderfully interesting book, and while it may be in parts a cautionary tale about unintended consequences, it is also a valuable history lesson. And the depth of research is astounding, especially as the author connects information to illustrate how nearly all-things-energy came to be…While addressing readers in every-day language, Madrigral's index and bibliography (each with more than twenty pages of listings) provides evidence of the breadth of his scholarly research and the validity of his historical references…Madrigal also does an excellent job in outlining the characters behind technical innovation…To finish Powering the Dream is to find oneself optimistic, pessimistic, a bit cynical, and nursing a small flame of hope that the same hubris, ambition, and the desire to live a better life for ourselves and our children that got us into this mess will get us out.”

St. Petersburg
Times, 4/17/11
“Madrigal records a century and a half of American energy innovation—such as electric taxicabs in 1900—and imagines the future.”

January
, 4/20/11
“Madrigal skillfully uses stories from the past to illustrate both the follies and successes of the present. In doing so, he places some of the environmental madness we’re experiencing now in perspective.”
 
Hudson Valley News, 4/20/11
“Inspiring…The first book to explore both the forgotten history and the visionary future of America’s green-tech innovators.”
 
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 5/1/11
“Well-thought-out ideas about how to advance low-cost green technology.”
 
Print, 5/10/11
“A quiet page-turner that anyone concerned with our future energy policy—or lack thereof—should read…Madrigal is a talented wordsmith and astute researcher with an eye for ferreting out the ‘need-to-know’ minutia in a complicated world of energy giants, green pioneers and international trading markets.”
 
Blog Business World, 5/8/11
“[An] eye opening and very engaging book…A celebration of the spirit of innovation and its many successes and failures…Well researched…Fascinating and thought provoking…This book will change the way you think about green technology, and its past, present, and future.”

Ode, June 2011
“Quirky stories about individuals whose past inventions, often failures, anticipated many contemporary environmental solutions.”

Reference and Research Book News, June 2011
“This history of green energy in America showcases the grand experiments, both successful and failed, that have broadened our cultural relationship with sustainable power over the past century.”

AlterNet.org, 5/30/11
“What Madrigal's volume offers is a look at an array of technological innovations, some of them crackpot and some of them very likely alternatives, for how to produce energy in an environmentally sustainable manner. It is a history well worth knowing and exploring, to avoid reinventing the wheel anew with every innovation, as advances in green technologies need to be and will be ratcheted up.”

San Francisco Chronicle, 7/3/11
“An eye-opening history of green alternative energy that rises above politics to present a cautionary tale.”

Treehugger.com, 6/21/11
“A 300+ page tour of the century-long history of renewable energy development in the United States, it amply shows that if you thought people only tried to develop green technology in the past few decades you're sorely mistaken…A fascinating read.”

About the Author

Alexis Madrigal is senior editor and lead technology writer for TheAtlantic.com and an award-winning former staff writer for Wired.com. He is a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, and a regular guest on NPR. He lives in Washington, D.C

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 400 pages
  • Publisher: Da Capo Press (March 29, 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 030681885X
  • ASIN: B006CDDHOK
  • Product Dimensions: 9.2 x 6 x 1.4 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (9 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #786,237 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

Alexis Madrigal is a senior editor at The Atlantic. He's a founder of Longshot Magazine, a high-speed media experiment that garnered attention from the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and the BBC. While at Wired.com, he built Wired Science into one of the most popular blogs in the world. The site was nominated for best magazine blog by the MPA and best science website in the 2009 Webby Awards. He also cofounded Haiti ReWired, a groundbreaking community dedicated to the discussion of technology, infrastructure, and the future of Haiti.

Madrigal is a visiting scholar at University of California, Berkeley's Office for the History of Science and Technology. Born in Mexico City, he grew up in the exurbs north of Portland, Oregon, and now lives in Washington, DC.

Customer Reviews

4.6 out of 5 stars
(9)
4.6 out of 5 stars
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews
16 of 17 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars The satisfying culmination of a long journey March 27, 2011
Format:Hardcover
I've been following Madrigal's notes for this book, at the blog greentechnistory.com, possibly since its inception, however many years ago that was.

From the beginning, this book project has been, to my knowledge, utterly unique: a view on modern cleantech / clean energy through the lens of history. I just don't think it had occurred to many of us that clean energy -- which seems so newfangled -- had a long history. But in the pages of Powering The Dream we discover the earliest electric cars -- which were contemporaneous with the first conventional, gasoline-powered cars. There are old, even ancient, systems for harvesting wind, waves, tides; there's the first janky, not-quite-ready for prime time nuclear power plants.

Here's the nub of this book, the lesson we should all take to heart: the history of energy in this country, on this planet, even, is highly path dependent. In other words, governments and individuals made decisions to pursue some paths and not others. Renewables are hard, but for entirely different reasons, so are conventional sources of energy. By showing us a past full of failed (and occasionally, successful) experiments in harvesting energy from anyplace but the sunglight stored in fossil fuel reserves, Powering the Dream invites us to play what-if: What if we'd taken a different energy path.

In an age of climate change and dwindling supplies of (some) fossil fuels, Powering the Dream is a helpful, hopeful opposite to an awful lot of either groundlessly sunny optimism or dire predictions of collapse. It posits, simply, that the pool of technologies from which we can draw energy is bigger than we typically imagine, and that in the experiments of the past are the foundations of the energy sources of the future.
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15 of 16 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars A Conscience for Clean Tech Enthusiasts March 22, 2011
Format:Hardcover
If the future of clean energy technology hopes to successfully enable our society's transition away from fossil fuels it will have to remember all the moments when a more perfect power stood poised to usurp a constant flow of coal and oil only to find itself denied the spotlight. The American story is one of a philosophy reinforced through access to cheap energy and burgeoned by technological innovation. In Powering the Dream, Alexis Madrigal provides a conscience for the green energy sector, one that threatens to be swept away in a bubble of financial instrumentation hoping for a breakthrough rather than sustained investment and incremental improvement.

Where software and computing has been continually enhanced through reaffirmations of Moore's Law, will applying the same philosophy to energy lead to suffering Moore's curse? Though few advocating for an innovation based solution to climate change through access to the infinite power of the wind and sun realize they are echoing the words of an early 19th century techno-utopian they do so all the same, carrying John Etzler's biases and assumptions along with them. The innovative and shiny energy technologies touted by politicians and slick commercials as solutions to our ability to `win the future' have been with us for our history as a nation. We had electric cars with a streamlined swap-out infrastructure for fresh batteries at the end of the 19th century and megawatt scale wind turbines in the 1940s.

The history of fossil fuel alternatives reveal a world of missed opportunities and frustrating political shortsightedness. When fundamental rules of the global energy paradigm changed in the 1970s the problem of depleting fossil fuels was recognized and the United States responded by founding the Solar Energy Research Institute, developing technology to drop the cost of electricity generated by photovoltaics from $100/watt in 1970 to $10/watt in 1973 and establishing efficiency standards for appliances. The National Renewable Energy Lab's Aquatic Species Program built a catalogue of algae that could have provided a foundation for commercial scale algal biofuels with only the equivalent of $100 million in total funding, to put that in perspective Exxon made $142 million on each day of 2008. When federal support for the program dried up in 1981, the project was scrapped, knowledge faded away and many of the algal strains selected for their efficiency were lost. A decade of progress was undermined when the Reagan administration cut federal funds that would have allowed the clean energy sector to survive American ignorance towards energy when it comes cheaply.

While federal policies threw up roadblocks, so did state level politics. Solar thermal power provides the greatest hope for inexpensive and reliable utility-scale energy from the sun, a company named Luz built many plants based on the technology in the 1980s. Just as Luz was at the point of enabling solar thermal electricity to compete with fossil fuels on price, unfortunate timing in the California legislature killed the laws allowing Luz's business models to work. The company went bankrupt and the solar thermal industry stalled for decades. Through these unfortunate stories we see that energy technologies aren't selected for efficiency and rationality but shifted through bizarre economics that destroyed knowledge and postponed innovation, costing valuable time in the race to beat the depletion of global oil fields.

The search for a technological breakthrough that magically makes the blowing wind or the sun's luminosity into a miracle energy source is exposed in the absurdity of Kenetech's rise and fall. Claiming a rapid advance in turbine technology that would allow wind to compete with fossil fuels, Kenetech raised tremendous capital through grandiose promises and collapsed when its poor product literally fell apart. A rapid boom and bust cycle for Kenetech exemplified the American wind sector, all while years of sustained Dutch investment had created a robust wind industry in the Netherlands with a reliable product.

Has the American approach to innovation and business finally met its match with the challenge of energy? Or, did more than a century of attempts at alternative energy build the foundation for a national energy revolution? Powering the Dream doesn't explicitly come down on either side of these questions but outlines a fascinating and overlooked history of failures and successes as they were impeded by regulatory frameworks and politics. Where our view of environmentalism is often limited to a perception of pristine nature fighting fossil fueled industrialization, perhaps green energy will finally succeed by uniting the patience of the ecologist with the creativity of the engineer.
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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful
Format:Hardcover
Madrigal's book is a history of clean energy technology and the many wrong turns. Many environmentalists get too excited about the prospect of making our current society run on wind turbines and solar energy. "Powering the Dream" makes clear that getting this to work on a large scale will not be easy.

I liked Madrigal's analysis of the reasons behind the huge numbers of poorly insulated, poorly sited housing built in the American suburbs since World War II. Low initial cost was allowed to be the only important factor.

The book's main flaw is that it doesn't pay enough attention to the problems behind the failures of wind and solar power--energy density. There's a lot of wind energy and solar energy on earth, but it's not dense the way fossil fuels are. It's possible to make industrial machines to convert wind and solar energy into electrical power, but building the machines takes power. If building the machines takes more power than can be obtained from the machines over their usable lifetime, this is not an energy source.

The energy lost in the conversion from solar or wind to electric power, lost again in transporting the electric power to the end user, and lost again in converting the electric power to run an appliance such as an electric heater or refrigerator, makes solar and wind power a very iffy proposition. The money and power required for building the solar panel or wind turbine also has to be subtracted out. Maybe there will be a breakthrough someday making it possible to build wind turbines or solar panels using very little money and very little power--but it is also possible that there might not be such a breakthrough. In the meantime, it is important to keep in mind that a diffuse heat source such as solar energy works best for producing diffuse heat, not electricity. Solar power can do a great job at heating a house if the house is designed and built properly. Solar power can do a great job heating water to make tea in a parabolic solar cooker. Supplying the electricity needs of an ordinary American house is not something solar power is likely to be able to accomplish, at least not without some breakthrough that is not yet in sight. What this means is that making the necessary transition to renewable energy is going to require huge declines in energy usage in the U.S. For more on this, see The Wealth of Nature: Economics as if Survival Mattered.

Madrigal's description of the construction of early wind turbines for pumping water out of a variety of odds and ends found around a farm was interesting. It made me wonder if electricity might possibly be easier to generate power from wind by using an ultra-low tech approach. Maybe instead of starting with a a tower from ground level, use a mound of dirt for the first 25-40 feet. Then on top of that, build a tower out of whatever scrap lumber or metal is locally available. The turbine itself could be constructed out of an alternator from a scrapped car, with the blades made from scrap aluminum cut and hammered into shape. The aluminum might come from, say, old aluminum siding. This type of turbine would obviously not generate as much electricity as a fancy high-tech turbine, but it could be built for very little money, and if damaged by a windstorm all the parts could be replaced easily.

Overall, the book is thought-provoking and well worth reading.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent work, informative and a great read.
Madrigal is a terrific author, as his work in The Atlantic reinforces on a regular basis. In Powering The Dream, he continues the tradition of investigative reporting spun with a... Read more
Published 2 months ago by Daniel A. French
4.0 out of 5 stars A Treasure Trove of American Energy History
A great book with a lot of surprising historical detail that, in most cases, will be new to you. Alternative Energy had much more than just Tesla. Read more
Published 5 months ago by Jeff Bennett
5.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating Story
Shows you how the market can be so manipulative that even superior technology can fail. Recommended read if you are interested in green energy yet don't understand why it hasn't... Read more
Published 12 months ago by JayLTX
5.0 out of 5 stars Lots of interesting and useful stories
I found this book to be well organized, with the 288 numbered pages of text divided into 27 chapters and grouped into 5 sections, making it easy to read a chapter at a time. Read more
Published 19 months ago by S. Wright
3.0 out of 5 stars Don't Trust the Public to Choose
This is an interesting book. Our past and its inventions, as reported by Madrigal's fresh look, were not familiar to me. Read more
Published on May 17, 2011 by Stephen C. Baer
5.0 out of 5 stars great read!
A great read, very enjoyable and I learned a lot. A nice balance of stories and treatment of the technology. Read more
Published on April 5, 2011 by energy lover
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