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5.0 out of 5 stars
Valuable lessons for Asian firms looking to compete globally, February 27, 2007
This review is from: ProfitBrand: How to Increase the Profitability, Accountability and Sustainability of Brands (Hardcover)
Why do up to 80% of products fail to become brands despite the US$1.5 billion spent on marketing annually? A primary reason is that companies are still following the `immutable laws' of the post-war mass economy when competition was limited, media conduits to consumers were few, and leisure pursuits were confined to visiting the cinema, a bowling alley or a night market.
During the time from 1945-1995, few leisure distractions meant traditional marketing strategies -- such as TV, print and outdoor advertising -- were enough to build a brand. As recently as the 1970's, many Asian capitals only had one or two TV channels, few billboards and a handful of domestic magazines, it was easy to reach consumers.
But today's buyers are overwhelmed with data, information and choices. For instance, Malaysian households receive up to 100 TV channels, 24 hours a day. Supermarkets carry 5,000 to 10,000 SKUs; the number of titles distributed by the average magazine wholesaler has more than quadrupled in 10 years; there are more than 20 commercial radio stations broadcasting up to 20 minutes of commercials every hour; and billboards jostle for attention at every junction. Such a barrage of messages does not include more than 40 billion web pages and 20 million blogs on the Internet. How can a consumer's mind process so much data? Obviously it can't. In fact it shuts much of it out which accounts for the high failure rate.
Many new products also fail to become brands because companies focus on customer acquisition, not retention. Most companies invest the largest chunk of their marketing budgets on acquisition strategies. Wouldn't it make more sense to focus more on retention, where a company has a 50% chance of selling to an existing customer, rather than acquisition, where a company has only a 5-15% chance of making a sale?
Nick Wreden, tackles these challenging developments in the world of branding in his thought-provoking and award-winning book, `ProfitBrand: How to Increase the Profitability, Accountability and Sustainability of Brands'. The book also spends a great deal of time on the million-dollar marketing question: accountability. Personally, I can't remember ever having seen the inclusion of the word `accountability' in the same sentence as `marketing'!
So what do companies need to do to avoid wasting resources on strategies that apply to the post world war two mass economy that no longer exists?
`A brand is not built by acquiring customers; it is built by keeping them,' says Wreden. `Most competitive product advantages can be duplicated. The one advantage that cannot be duplicated is a customer relationship.'
He adds that the primary branding goal is not market share or even sales growth, but profitability growth. In almost all cases, such profitability growth is created by forming, nurturing and leveraging relationships with customers. It is also the key to brand sustainability.
According to Wreden, successful brands today - or `ProfitBrands' - share six characteristics: attention; transactional excellence; trust; loyalty; advocacy and, most importantly, profitability.
Successful brands also deliver emotional, experiential and/or emotional value. Emotional value results from relationship depth, value and length. Experiential value is based on customer-centric processes, personalization, immediacy, quality and satisfaction. Economic value results from providing greater return to customers than they paid at purchase.
Companies should not underestimate the importance of customer profitability. It is well known that 20% of customers generate 80% of profits. According to Wreden, less known, but equally true, is that about 15% of a firm's customers are unprofitable. Differentiating high-profit, low-profit and unprofitable customers requires knowing customer equity. Customer equity, or the lifetime value of a customer, is the most important brand measurement. This value results from past, current and future profitability as well as from intangible benefits. Customer equity incorporates the loyalty to buy again and again, the faith to recommend and the willingness to forgive inevitable mistakes.
Customer equity advantages include improved profitability, increased accountability, segmentation insights, more efficient operations, increased advocacy and other benefits.
Wreden believes that the company that focuses strongly on profitable customers will succeed. All customers are not created equal, states Wreden. To focus acquisition and retention branding efforts on the most desirable customers, customer-equity based segmentation is required. This process involves identifying and ranking profitable segments, segmenting services based on relative profitability, and reshaping acquisition and retention branding around attractive customer segments.
Higher prices, supported by differentiated value, is the best way to increase customer profitability. Pricing, services, offerings and sales tactics must differ for loyal, convenience-driven, price-sensitive and value-sensitive segments.
Knowledge about customer equity must be leveraged with customer planning (also called sales planning). Customer planning applies finite sales and marketing resources toward where it can generate the greatest return in customer profitability, thus helping to ensure sales as well as marketing accountability.
One key tactic in customer planning is seeking to increase brand penetration. Brand penetration consists of customer penetration (`share-of-wallet'), product penetration (increased or extended usage) and account penetration (more buyers). These strategies must be coupled with customer recovery and winback efforts.
As Asian economies open up and top executives feel the impact of increased domestic and foreign competition, companies that thrive will need to move to a metrics-based approach to branding. Profitable companies such as Tesco, Hong Leong Bank and Swire are already linking branding initiatives to customer profitability via multiple measurements. Why would anyone want to spend money to acquire a customer without being sure what that customer generates in revenue and profits?
As competition intensifies, becomes more ruthless and consumers are more knowledgeable and have more options, any Chairman, CEO or senior executive who wishes to develop a brand capable of withstanding the onslaught of domestic and foreign competition or make the transition from local company to global organization, or simply wants to develop a brand of choice for domestic consumers, must change the corporate strategy to focus on profitability growth, not just sales or market share growth.
Wreden outlines clearly, the need to ensure greater accountability, especially for marketing, by knowing what every marketing investment - and marketing manager - delivers in terms of profitability. He states, what we all know but chose to ignore - that resources are too scarce to spend chasing ephemeral goals like "awareness".
Asian brand owners should know that all the awareness in the world doesn't mean a thing unless it translates into a profitable sale.
After reading Nick's book, and as a brand consultant advising Asian companies on how to build brands, my take away from this book is that with such high failure rates, Asian brands cannot afford to waste valuable resources on strategies that focus on "image" and "awareness," to build their brands. What they need to focus on is developing profitable relationships with customers. It won't be as exciting as `cool' commercials or huge billboards, but it'll be more profitable.
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