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Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley

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I was amazed that this book would be such a delight to read. Initially, the historical research is well narrated, maintaining the suspense, danger, and the confusion behind the real life espionage of Elizabeth Bentley. Kathryn Olmsted displays an enjoyable interest in the vocabulary of the time, and is not shy to weave a moral into the story, as lasciviousness trumps cleverness. This book is a great resource on the fascinating history of the puzzle called the "Red Scare". As the Russians open their archives, the truth can be sought from a new light. Kathryn Olmsted pieces together Elizabeth Bentley's life, exaggerations, and manipulations in the sordid web of spies testifying against spies amidst political ambition and posturing of J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI. Honestly, I couldnt put the book down.

Once the depression struck many elitist students (such as Miss Bentley at Vassar) seemed to begin to feel guilty of their privileged position in society. For those who had not religious grounding this opened up the possibility for other faiths to explain the crisis of history that they perceived themselves to be living through. Paul Johnson, in his book "The Quest for God" makes the point that people long for a faith to believe in and when conventional religion fails to satisfy they seek a substitute. Environmentalism, nuclear dis-armament, anti-globalism and other such "movements" attract such folk. For Elizabeth Bentley it was fascism, then communism, that served this purpose. She associated herself with the CPUSA (Communist Party of the USA) and through this met Jacob Golos, a soviet agent. With this individual she became romantically involved, even though Golos had a wife back in the USSR. Eventually Golos gets caught in a passport fraud scheme which effectively blows his anonymity vis-a-vis the FBI, forcing him to utilize his mistress Bentley as a front. So she gets involved and covers Golos before the onset of the Nazi-Soviet pact which leads the FBI to begin paying more attention to communists within the USA. In time Golos gets ill and Bentley progressively takes on more responsibility, including running an underground network of Americans who were spying for Soviet intelligence. I don't want to detail the whole book so I'll just conclude by saying why Bentley was significant and why you ought to read this slim book. Elizabeth Bentley testified later that all communists were potential spies for the USSR. Communism wasn't just an intellectual proclivity ala liberalism or conservatism. She was the one who detailed how the head of the CPUSA, for instance, took direction straight from Moscow. The party's rank and file, moreover, was similarly loyal to the USSR, she testified. She was, in other words, the missing link connecting the CPUSA with the USSR and soviet intelligence. The fascinating part of this great story (well told by the book's author) is that her most damning accusations of espionage couldn't be proved by the FBI, as her contacts were all tipped off soon after she came "in from the cold", so to speak, once she turned herself in to American authorities. She had her sceptics. It just was hard to believe what she claimed could be true; that many senior American officials could be passing intelligence to the USSR. The US Army began to break some coded cables of the Soviets beginning in 1948 which confirmed Miss Bentley's accusations, but the public wasn't privy to this development, of course. Miss Bentley, consequently, continued to be portrayed as a crackpot by many in government and especially in the media. The fortunate appearance of Whittaker Chambers on the public scene, making similar accusations as Bentley...but eventually providing some proof to back it up, in the end, saved the day....and Miss Bentley's reputation. These individuals thus proved the case that the USSR was trying to undermine the USA even while we were allied to one another during WW2; that Stalin was gearing up for a cold war years before liberals accused FDR, Truman, and Eisenhower of choosing hostility over cooperation with the USSR. Read this book before Witness by Whittaker Chambers for a great 1-2 punch against political naivete. Thanks for reading my opinion.

Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley
By Kathryn S. Olmsted
University of North Carolina Press, 2002

Reviewed by Kenneth R. Kahn

"Either the government attacks you or they put you on the payroll" Chris Warnock

The long trail of bread crumbs leading to American communists acting as Soviet agents inside the U.S. government and the beginnings of the red scare in the 1950s leads to one woman--Elizabeth Bentley.

Long before the revelations of the Venona cables, Elizabeth Bentley, variously described as a spinster, neurotic, alcoholic, sexual adventuress, communist spy and FBI informant, was transmitting secrets to the Soviet Union on everything imaginable.

Elizabeth Bentley, born of New England parents, was a historic anomaly, a footnote in the history of the cold war and American communism. She brought her American character and applied it to her dealings with both Soviet agents and fellow American communists. She was one of those figures whose lifestyle intertwined with her actions and how she is portrayed by history is a direct result of this interaction.

Bentley, having followed a long, tortured and circuitous route to the FBI's field office in New Haven, Connecticut in 1945, remade American politics and led to the exposure of the top communists in America.

One of the primary themes, and intriguing concepts behind this book, is that it exposes a heretofore, seemingly unimportant person in early cold war history. Bentleys life and roller coaster like adventures stand in stark contrast to her personal appearance. Deemed by the press, the blond spy queen she hardly seems to me a seductress. She seems a plain, ordinary woman by today's standards. Yet, her appearance and demeanor were pivotal to her story as a Soviet agent.

Elizabeth told her story of communist espionage activity before various congressional committees and testified as a government witness in the Rosenberg case. She managed to talk "McCall's" magazine into serializing her autobiography titled, "Out of Bondage." At first, they were leery of the former communist turned FBI informant until they spoke to FBI P.R. man Lou Nichols who gave the Bureau's approval. Amongst the lies she purported to McCalls was her self-description characterized in the headline of the June 1951 installment, "I Joined the Red Underground with the Man I Loved." In the article, she described herself as an ingenuous "college girl" despite the fact she was thirty when she met him.

In the curious case of Elizabeth Bentley, where twists and turns are the norm, as a government witness, Bentley had access to the protection of the government. In a little-known incident, the 20th century's prime mover and fixer, the infamous, gay, red-baiting Roy Cohn, came to her assistance after a beating by her live-in lover, John Wright. According to Olmsted, documented by Nicholas Von Hoffman in his seminal work, "Citizen Cohn" and an FBI memorandum dated May 13, 1952 contained in the FBI's file on Gregory Silvermaster, 65-14603-4417, Cohn told the FBI that Bentley's beating was, "the most serious problem he had faced since coming into the United States Attorney's office." As a chief witness in the William Remington case, the beating could, "ruin her career as a lecturer" (FBI memorandum from Agent Cleveland to SAC Alan Belmont, May 8, 1952, Bentley file, 134-135, no. serial), and could, "endanger the Brothman and Rosenberg convictions." The author writes, "Cohn told Elizabeth to entice Wright to New York under false pretenses. When he arrived, he was hit with the full force of the U.S. government. FBI agents whisked him to a meeting with two prosecutors and Special Agent John Danahy. U.S. Attorney Myles Lane told Wright "to get out of Bentley's life or else." He left Bentley alone.

On May 29, 1952, Elizabeth appeared before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee investigating Owen Lattimore and the Institute of Pacific Relations. McCarthy accused Lattimore of being a "top Russian spy." The Institute of Pacific Relations was accused of front activities, particularly aiding and abetting the "fall" of China.

As the anti-communist spotlight faded, so did Elizabeth's fortunes. In her later life, she taught classes at a reform school, publishing the school newspaper and avoiding the public spotlight. On November 18, 1963, at the age of fifty-five, she entered Grace New Haven Community Hospital. She was officially diagnosed with abdominal cancer but actually suffered from chronic alcoholism from years of self-abuse.

"Red Spy Queen" is an interesting, sad, twisted tale of one woman's political journey from fascism to communism to anti-communism and the human toll of political activism. It is an excellent read, an important story of a sad footnote in the history of the early cold war and that uniquely American obsession---anti-communism.

RED SPY QUEEN; a biography of Elizabeth Bentley by Kathryn S. Olmsted is an eye-opening account of the "real" Elizabeth Bentley and her rather eschewed personality traits that helped to catapult her into the Soviet Espionage bee hive of activity in the United States from the 1930's and into the early 1950's.

Ms. Olmsted examines Elizabeth Bentley from many facets including but, not restricted to sociological, psychological, sexual, and educational histories. It is this combination of ingredients that helps the reader to gain some form of perspective on this very complex individual.

In her superbly written and researched book, the author illuminates the role Ms. Bentley ultimately played not just for the Soviets, but for the U.S. government as well. Elizabeth Bentley became an international and... national political pawn not just between the FBI, and KGB... but, the FBI and the US Government for which it stood.

Despite the extensive amount of admitted espionage activates and identification of some 80 Soviet spies (including Alger Hiss, Whittaker Chambers et al), the Government was unable to prosecute this case as they truly wished to have. In fact, the FBI's extensive "counter-intelligence" coup was apparently thwarted by J. Edgar Hoover himself when he unwittingly advised British liaison officer, Sir William Stephenson of Bentley's defection. Stephenson subsequently mentioned the defection to the infamous "Kim Philby" who was the chief of Soviet Counterintelligence for the British intelligence service (much like Robert Hansen had been for the FBI a generation later). Philby naturally passed on the information to "Mother-Russia" and the great soviet spy network was immediately "placed on ice".

The author also contends that Bentley was manipulated by the press and turned into a cross between some type of gorilla-"Comrade Woman", and that of a sensual "Mata Hari." That type of literary licensing was (according to the author) utilized to demonstrate the ongoing anxiety of this country about the changing roles of women after WWII.

In order to publically "denounce" Communism, Ms. Bentley converts to Catholicism and rides under the banner of the "red cross" rather than the "red star." She crusades throughout the United States exposing the "infidel" and once again...a person in dire need of attention.

She escaped the hangman's noose, but helped to tighten it around Julius and Ethel Rosenberg with her testimony. She also continued to use the FBI ("Bureau") as an on-going means of ready cash, and...she laid bare some of the extensive espionage trails that the Bureau had failed to locate. Despite the author's obvious tendency to sympathize or at very least, "empathize" with Ms. Bentley's karma, this reader is hard pressed to be as understanding.

Among other things; Ms. Bentley was a survivor, a manic depressant (possibly),
neurotic, opportunist, spurned lover, and a spy. Yet above all; she truly was... "UMNITSA" (Clever Girl)!

This is a well written and informative book on Elizabeth Bentley and the ex-communist witnesses of the Red Scare period of the 1940s (and 1950s). Based on a rather narrow base of primary sources, while Olmsted appears to believe most of Bentley's fingering of communists, spies or otherwise, there is much still problematic in her story. She does not make the case that the "spies" posed any real threat to the security and stability of the country in the 1930s or during World War II, although some certainly existed and shared information, nuclear and otherwise, with the Soviety Union. Olmsted describes a most unstable woman, whose veracity is certainly questionable. And she underscores that spying ended with Bentley's public revelations at the end of World War II, long before the "McCarthy" Red Scare period of the early 1950s, as other historians have recently argued.