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Riddle of the Feathered Dragons: Hidden Birds of China [Hardcover]

Alan Feduccia
3.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)

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Book Description

January 20, 2012

Examining and interpreting recent spectacular fossil discoveries in China, paleontologists have arrived at a prevailing view: there is now incontrovertible evidence that birds represent the last living dinosaur. But is this conclusion beyond dispute? In this book, evolutionary biologist Alan Feduccia provides the most comprehensive discussion yet of the avian and associated evidence found in China, then exposes the massive, unfounded speculation that has accompanied these discoveries and been published in the pages of prestigious scientific journals.

Advocates of the current orthodoxy on bird origins have ignored contrary data, misinterpreted fossils, and used faulty reasoning, the author argues. He considers why and how the debate has become so polemical and makes a plea to refocus the discussion by “breaking away from methodological straitjackets and viewing the world of origins anew.” Drawing on a lifetime of study, he offers his own current understanding of the origin of birds and avian flight.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

"…contains an immense amount of new information about the history of the contentious issue of the origin of birds…original and important."—Frances James, Florida State University, Department of Biological Science
(Frances James 20110811)

"…a marvelous essay on method and interpretation in paleontology. And it wonderfully captures the fluid state of our knowledge and the tenuous state of our interpretations."—Keith Thomson, author of The Legacy of the Mastodon and The Young Charles Darwin
(Keith Thomson 20110629)

"Writing with passion and verve, Alan Feduccia challenges the prevalent view of bird evolution – arguing his case historically, philosophically, and scientifically.  Right or wrong, this is a splendid read and simply should not be ignored."—Michael Ruse, author of Darwinism and its Discontents
(Michael Ruse 20110701)

"Riddle of the Feathered Dragons is a balanced, detailed look at the origin of birds, including their evolutionary relationships to theropod dinosaurs. These important issues have suffered an epidemic of both popular and professional misconception and foul play for decades. Alan Feduccia’s insightful minority views should stimulate a healthy intellectual debate, and thus marginalize the hot-doggery."—David W. Steadman, author of Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds
(David W. Steadman 20110715)

"Lucid and entertaining, Alan Feduccia's Riddle of the Feathered Dragons brings together and summarizes the issues in contention. This book will be a potential anodyne to received dogma."—Storrs L. Olson, Sc.D., Curator Emeritus, Division of Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (Storrs L. Olson 20110304)

"Riddle of the Feathered Dragons investigates whether birds evolved from advanced theropod dinosaurs or from an earlier, divergent archosaurian lineage.  Emphasis is placed on fossilized remains rather than procedures of computer driven phylogenetic analysis."—Robert Carroll, author of Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
(Robert Carroll 20110705)

“Alan Feduccia has a long-standing disagreement with the 'birds from dinosaurs' theories. Although birds and dinosaurs may have come from a common ancestor and share some common features, Feduccia and his 300-page book, packed with research results, illustrations, and data, cast doubts on the majority opinion . . . . I am pulling for the underdog, the brave North Carolina scientist who is not afraid to challenge the current prevailing opinion.”--D. G. Martin, Raleigh Telegram
(D. G. Martin Raleigh Telegram )

"[Feduccia is] the perfect person to write a serious inquiry of the current reigning belief that the last dinosaurs evolved into present-day birds. . . . Highly recommended for paleontologists, scientists, and specialists in this field."—Gloria Maxwell, Library Journal
(Gloria Maxwell Library Journal )

"Those who have followed Feduccia's work over the years will recognize that this conclusion is a major shift in his views, and that his ability to deal with the new evidence in such an unbiased and creative manner is the mark of a uniquely sharp and innovative scientific mind. Whether one ultimately agrees with Feduccia or not, Feathered Dragons: Hidden Birds of China is a 'must read' for anyone interested in these questions and will prod its readers to rethink received wisdom on the subject of the evolution of birds."—The Auk
(The Auk )

About the Author

Alan Feduccia is S. K. Heninger Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He is the author of numerous books, including the award-winning The Origin and Evolution of Birds, published by Yale University Press. He lives in Chapel Hill, NC.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 368 pages
  • Publisher: Yale University Press (January 20, 2012)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0300164351
  • ISBN-13: 978-0300164350
  • Product Dimensions: 1.2 x 7.2 x 10.5 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (5 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #643,285 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

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Most Helpful Customer Reviews
22 of 24 people found the following review helpful
2.0 out of 5 stars More than misguided, but with small nuggets of value October 24, 2012
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Interesting to see that as of writing this, this book has nothing but 1-star and 5-star reviews. I hope that my review can offer a slightly different perspective.

As others have pointed out, Feduccia's primary arguments rest on ridiculous assumptions, completely unsupported reinterpretations of data, and to be frank, basically devolve into petulant whining and vitriol in the latter parts of the book. This has been discussed in detail by reviewer Herman Diaz above, so I won't rehash his points unnecessarily here. Instead I'll focus on the aspects of the book that prevented me from giving it the lowest review score possible.

Early in the book, Feduccia makes some legitimate points that I think should be carefully and unemotionally considered by the scientific community. It absolutely is the case that journals have a bias for what kind of research they accept. Feathered dinosaur-related research is very mainstream right now, and the media and the general public just eat it up. Journals and institutions love the financial support and attention this kind of publication incurs, and so I do not doubt that they are more keen on publishing research that supports the dinosaur-bird connection.

And by the same process, I also don't think it's surprising that journals are less willing to publish research that may result in conclusions that go against the dinosaur-bird dogma: it's less talked about, and less considered, and less interesting to the public. I also think Feduccia is correct in his assessment that the true evolutionary origin of birds is still somewhat shrouded in mystery - in the details, at least. The evidence at this point in time firmly indicates that birds diverged from coelurosaurian dinosaurs, but when? Where? Ground-up or trees down or somewhere in between? From gliders, or from animals who had nothing to do with gliding? Through media representation of research, the general public has adopted the idea that the question of bird evolution and the evolution of flight is completely solved, open-and-shut, when in reality it couldn't be further from the truth. For instance, there is an Triassic trackway from Argentina that, from all appearances, seems to be of bird tracks with fully-reversed halluces. The only follow-up study (Genise et al 2009) done on this ichnotaxon seems to indicate that the tracks involved evidence of takeoff and landing, which further supports the idea that these were definitely birds. While this seems to be (unfortunately) a popular line of evidence among BANDits (and creationists, sadly), there is no mainstream explanation for how these tracks exist other than a vague and unsatisfactory "the age needs to be established with more certainty before we can conclude anything." But rather than do additional studies and research into analyzing this trackway which could be really interesting, mainstream paleontologists seem to have basically forgotten about it.

Along a similar vein, Kenneth Carpenter (1997) has pointed out evidence of Gorgosaurus scale imprints that have been known for at least twenty years, but have never been formally published. Research can of course take many years to publish for a myriad of reasons, but it seems highly likely that had these imprints been of feathers, they'd been published almost immediately. It seems like there is something fundamentally wrong with a system that more readily publishes research that is exciting and interesting because it conforms so smoothly with the dominant paradigm, when conflicting research that challenges some of these established lines of thinking might ultimately result in a more robust and less flawed theory overall.

Feduccia also repeatedly criticizes the practice of cladistics throughout the book, and indeed all of his theories more or less necessitate the invalidation of cladistics, since they completely fly in the face of the current understanding of birds being nestled within maniraptorans. Again, this is a wasted opportunity. There are, I think, some reasonable critiques that can be made of cladistics, since its reliability is completely dependent on a number of subjective interpretations: which characters are worth including, whether each character is truly present or absent, which organisms are included; it also cannot take into account convergence or reversals. But imperfect though it may be, cladistics is ultimately self-correcting, given enough time, enough material, enough organisms and enough revisions, and most importantly, it's the best logical system we currently have for establishing relationships among extinct animals (when used alongside common sense, and when knowing its limitations). Feduccia does not seek to present a consistent alternative to cladistics, nor does he seek to address with any degree of specificity what particular mathematical or anatomical errors are committed in cladistics repeatedly assigning birds to be a nestled group of dinosaurs.

I think Feduccia is a brave guy for bringing up these uncomfortable ideas, a sparse few of which I believe do genuinely deserve a second look. Unfortunately, he also seems to be pretty misguided, likely too incensed by his emotional attachment to his BAND ideals to objectively look at the evidence, which is so much more voluminous than it was thirty years ago or whenever he started writing about this (when it was still a valid alternative hypothesis). Nevertheless, it's really too bad that we don't tend to see this kind of criticism on journal bias and the blind adherence to cladistics outside of "fringe" ideas like BAND. I think these are legitimate issues, and I wish that more "mainstream" scientists would take a look at them, but no one besides the fringers really seem to care. I think that non-BANDit paleontologists have become almost sort of afraid of researching anything that might not fit neatly inside of the current birds-are-dinosaurs thinking, lest others think they're secret BAND supporters, or unwittingly lending them more credibility than they deserve. In reality, the opposite should be the case: every piece of conflicting research, if carefully crafted, should only serve to strengthen a sound theory in the end.

Anyway, my main point is: I don't think BAND is entirely crazy, I just think they're maybe 90% crazy. But they are not crazy on the same level as creationists, and while I certainly understand and sympathize with mainstream paleontologists for how annoying and dishonest they can be, I also think it's too bad that no one seems to really be making an effort to take seriously the valuable things BANDits have to say, while discarding the crap.
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27 of 36 people found the following review helpful
1.0 out of 5 stars More of the same old nonsense September 24, 2012
Format:Hardcover
I originally wasn't planning on reviewing "Riddle of the Feathered Dragons" (I.e. RotFD), mostly because, to quote Mallison, "the web is full of dissections of BANDit papers" (BAND = Birds Are Not Dinosaurs). Also, anyone who actually looks into the reviewers praising RotFD can see that they're either Feduccia's fellow BANDits (E.g. "Storrs L. Olson") or non-experts who naively bought Feduccia's rhetoric (E.g. At least 1 of the 5-star Amazon Reviewers) &/or took Feduccia's side for non-scientific reasons (E.g. "D. G. Martin"). However, while reading the 5-star Amazon Reviews, I realized some things: Non-experts may not bother looking for reviews of RotFD when there are so many in 1 place; So many seemingly-good reviews in 1 place may mislead non-experts into thinking that it's a definitely-good book about bird origins & early evolution, an actual example of which is Chiappe's "Glorified Dinosaurs: The Origin and Early Evolution of Birds".

Going into RotFD, I was expecting more of the same old nonsense, given Feduccia's more recent papers.* Surprise, surprise, that's exactly what I got. Thanks to "BANDitry, creationism, and global warming denial", I was better able to keep track of the underhanded BANDit tactics used. In Appendix 1 alone, Feduccia concentrates on individual data points/refuses to look at "big pictures" (What he says about Erickson et al. 2009 & Pontzer et al. 2009), uses strawman arguments (Quoting Feduccia: "How birds became miniaturized"), decries perceived methodological weaknesses by others while himself failing to live up to these standards (Quoting Feduccia: "Hypotheses of dinosaurian endothermy go way back and have traditionally relied on correlations of metabolic rate with weakly supported criteria"), repeats debunked BANDit claims (Quoting Feduccia: "Comparative physiologist John Ruben has long argued, based on data from the muscle physiology of extant reptiles, that the urvogel Archaeopteryx was a flying ectotherm"), fails to understand the methods he criticizes (Cladistics) & advances conspiracy theories about mainstream science (What he says in the last paragraph).

To sum up, Naish put it best when he said, "It must be understood that Feduccia's opinion is not a valuable, informed alternative or anything like that; rather, it relies on deliberate obfuscation and misinformation and ignorance with respect to what we actually know. I cannot see that he and his colleagues have done anything but add confusion, contradiction and erroneous interpretations to our understanding of bird origins and early evolution" (Google "Thor Hanson's Feathers: The Evolution of a Natural Miracle").

*For those who don't know what the same old nonsense is, Google the following BANDit dissections (I limited my list to those mentioning RotFD either directly or indirectly):
-"BANDitry, creationism, and global warming denial" by Mallison.
-"(Almost) Famous: I'm (mis)quoted in Feduccia's new book!" by Mortimer.
-"Dinosaurs of a Feather" by Switek.
-"Canadian Amber, Fin-Tailed Dinosaurs, and a Despairing Blogger" by Headden.
-"Getting a major chapter on birds - ALL birds - into a major book on dinosaurs" by Naish.
-"On the Structure of Fossil Feathers" by Headden.
-"You've Got to Be Kidding Me" by Headden.
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13 of 26 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Must read February 12, 2012
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Anyone interested in the origin of birds, paleontology in general or even science as done by human beings must read this book. Ok, I admit that I have no way to enforce such an edict. But still.

The dispute over the origin of birds rages hotter than scientific disputes should. But the story that gets out is that birds are most certainly surviving dinosaurs and there is no such dispute. This book is the rest of the story. And, although Professor Feduccia has been the target of some appalling invective over the years, and one can sometimes sense pushback, this is by no means polemical or score settling. Rather, this is a call to acknowledge mistakes all `round and bring to bear the best reasoning and all available information and methodologies to the mystery of how birds got to be birds.

As historical context, we learn some of the personalities and ideas from Darwin's day to the present, including the ever-evolving views of the most iconic fossil beastie ever: Archaeopteryx. Even those familiar with this narrative will find surprises.

The heart and soul of the book is an examination of the phenomenon of secondary flightless-ness in birds. Lessons learned from this are applied to the extraordinary treasure trove of Cretaceous and Jurassic material that has been found in China over the last decade or so. The discussion of these fossils is a veritable orgy of new information and my favorite part of the book.

This mystery is a long way from being "solved," but this feels like progress.

Readers would certainly benefit from an understanding of the ideas and terminology of paleontology going in. (Do you know what an uncinate process is?) But Feduccia provides enough explanation to make this book challenging, but not insurmountable, for the general, science-interested, reading public.

I cannot force you to read this book, but I highly recommend it. You'll learn a lot.

Stephen Hunter
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