Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora (Paperback)

by Stephanie E. Smallwood (Author) "When the captives boarded the Sarah in the winter months of 1721, at least some of those consigned to the ship had an idea where..." (more)
Key Phrases: saltwater slavery, saltwater slaves, slave cargo, Gold Coast, Cape Coast Castle, Royal African Company (more...)

Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly
In this stark depiction of slaves and their "utter alienation from the most basic norms of everyday life," Smallwood simultaneously delivers a lucid popular history and expands scholarly understanding of slavery with a thorough, clear-eyed look at the dreaded Middle Passage and how it shaped the slave experience. She begins by examining the economics, politics and logistics of capturing, and selling Africans. Taking on "The Anomalous Intimacies of the Slave Cargo," Smallwood is particularly adept at portraying, in detail, the unbearable conditions of the slave ships. Disease, violence and death loomed large over the tightly-packed human payload, as did the horrors of the unkown: well aware they would never return home, most were unsure where they were going-many expected to be eaten-and it was common for slaves to jump overboard to their certain deaths. Once on the opposite shore, of course, there were more humiliations to come, which Smallwood examines unflinchingly. Extensive research, much of it from primary sources, forms Smallwood's basis, but she has a storyteller's knack for well-pitched anecdotes and pointed examples, as in the simple, heartbreaking notation from a captain with a diseased, largely unsaleable haul: "the rest being Refuse and Boys & Girls soe very small that divers of them were under eight years old."
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

Review
Stephanie Smallwood's Saltwater Slavery sets a new standard. It is at once a harrowing evocation of the Middle Passage, a brilliant account of the ways that Africans and Europeans made sense of the bloody process in which they were joined, and a subtle critique of the categories of historical inquiry. Here we see realized the enormous promise of a genuinely Atlantic approach to the history of American slavery.
--Walter Johnson, author of Soul by Soul (20070401)

W.E.B. Du Bois called the African slave trade the "most magnificent drama in the last thousand years of human history." Stephanie Smallwood captures this drama in imaginative and innovative ways, offering a powerful account of the maritime origins of African-America amid the profound violence of the world market.
--Marcus Rediker, co-author of The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic (20080314)

No study of the Atlantic slave trade has attempted to penetrate the darkness of those ships' holds, to explore what might have gone on in the minds of the hundreds of nameless people trapped below decks – until now. Smallwood gets there through a tour de force of theoretical sophistication, sensitive informed imagination, and dramatic writing. Hers is the most original and provocative book on the Middle Passage in almost half a century."
--Joseph C. Miller, author of Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade 1730-1830

Stephanie Smallwood's Saltwater Slavery is the new starting point for studies of the Middle Passage and required reading for students of the black Atlantic.
--Ira Berlin, University of Maryland, author of Many Thousands Gone

Smallwood aims to move away from the numbers game that has ensnared so many other historians studying the Middle Passage. Instead of ledgers and account books, she uses letters, journals, and narratives from around the trade route to get closer to the slave experience itself. As the narrative follows the progress of the newly enslaved across the Middle Passage, Smallwood's use of quotes brings to life the everyday horror experienced by Saltwater Slaves, as Africans first arriving in the Americas were described at the time.
--Kathryn V. Stewart (Library Journal )

In this stark depiction of slaves and their 'utter alienation from the most basic norms of everyday life,' Smallwood simultaneously delivers a lucid popular history and expands scholarly understanding of slavery with a thorough, clear-eyed look at the dreaded Middle Passage and how it shaped the slave experience...Smallwood is particularly adept at portraying, in detail, the unbearable conditions of the slave ships...Extensive research, much of it from primary sources, forms Smallwood's basis, but she has a storyteller's knack for well-pitched anecdotes and pointed examples. (Publishers Weekly )

This deeply researched, tightly focused, and skillfully evocative look at the Atlantic slave trade, 1675-1725, details the experience of crossing the ocean--an ordeal fatal to many of the slaves who were forced to undertake it. (The Atlantic )

Stephanie E. Smallwood's excellent book Saltwater Slavery has attracted less attention than it deserves. Making careful use of the primary sources at [the National Archives at] Kew, Smallwood follows 300,000 captives taken from what is now Ghana between 1675 and 1725, to "widening circles of the diaspora in the Americas."...An ambitious, innovative and highly successful feature of her book is to take what is known about the beliefs of the isolated societies from which slaves were taken--communities who in some cases had never seen white people, the ocean or a ship--to offer a carefully controlled imaginative reconstruction of how the embarked slaves may have conceptualized the "saltwater" experience and attempted to reconcile what they saw with their existing world view.
--William St. Clair (Times Literary Supplement )

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Product Details

• Paperback: 288 pages
• Publisher: Harvard University Press; illustrated edition edition (December 15, 2008)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0674030680
• ISBN-13: 978-0674030688
• Product Dimensions: 8 x 5.5 x 0.9 inches
• Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (1 customer review)
• Amazon.com Sales Rank: #56,746 in Books (See Bestsellers in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Engaging look at slavery from time of capture through life in America, February 15, 2009

By	Eric Hobart (Gastonia, NC United States) - See all my reviews (REAL NAME)

Stephanie Smallwood has written a book entitled "Saltwater Slavery" that aims, as she says, to provide a linear analysis of the commodification process that transformed Africans into slaves. Her focus is on enslavement in the Gold Coast and trans-Atlantic trade during the 17th and early 18th centuries.

The book is broken into three sections - Capture and enslavement in the Gold Coast, transformation from human to commodity, and the African Diaspora in America. The first section is necessarily short and merely sets the tone for Smallwood's argument - that the enslavement process was a matter of commodifying humans into marketable objects.

The second section, the commodification of these people into objects, is well researched and eminently readable. Smallwood is especially powerful when evoking images of the horrors that individuals underwent during the process.

The third section, the African Diaspora, is also short and to the point, but does not benefit Smallwood's argument as much as the first two sections do.

Overall, this is a good book, but has some minor flaws - first, the Diaspora section is (as previously mentioned) a little weak, and the fact that Smallwood focuses on the Trans-Atlantic Commerce between the Gold Coast and the British Caribbean leaves something to be desired, since both Virginia & South Carolina were important colonies that had slaves during this period, but are largely omitted from the work.