Customer Reviews

Samuel Johnson's Dictionary

5 star:		(4)
4 star:		(2)
3 star:		(0)
2 star:		(1)
1 star:		(0)

 

 

.
In the 18th century, dictionaries weren't just consulted, they were browsed. That was largely thanks to Samuel Johnson's mammoth 1755 achievement, wherein he defined not just the difficult words, but also common words found in everyday speech; to their definitions, he added illustrative quotations from the finest works -- creating a volume that was a pleasure to read, an education, and one which provoked the reader down long paths. If you have the AMS reprint of Johnson's Dictionary (reprinted in the 1970's) you know it's a heavy volume, and not easy to sit in your lap. But Jack Lynch has extracted over 3,000 of the entries into a volume you can not only hold in your lap, but enjoy reading: the print is not tiny, so it's no strain. And it's a pleasure to read.

Jack Lynch has also provided an informative, breezy introduction, which puts Johnson's Dictionary in the context or prior efforts and those that followed, describes Johnson's task and process, and tells you the impact that Johnson had. A wonderful addition is in the back, wherein there are some great footnotes (such as, Johnson's definition of war was part of a US Supreme Court decision regarding the US decision to bomb Kosovo) and a reverse index of the types of words to be found... Jack Lynch ALSO provides a special Shakespearean index -- so you can look up which words Johnson supported with quotations from The Bard.

I already had the 1970s reprint, as well as the Cambridge CD-ROM, and wasn't sure I needed this. But I'm glad I bought it, it's wonderful to have, even for me.<P...

(By the way, I am not related to Jack Lynch, so it's not like I'm a family member trying to boost his sales.)

Though at heart I'm strictly an OED man, and at work I tend to use the more practical Merriam-Webster's, I've always had a special place in my heart for Samuel Johnson's masterpiece, and I've cherished my facsimile copy (never had the $10,000 an original copy would set me back).

I'm a huge fan of the quirky charm and literary excellence that went into this unabashedly biased dictionary, so I giddily anticipated this new edition. After flipping through it at the bookstore, however, I was a little disappointed that it didn't offer much over my old facsimile copy. Though the new edition does include Johnson's original "Plan of a Dictionary of the English Language," I have that printed in another volume, and the reduction of the book to "selections" really cuts the book too short to warrant my buying it again.

That said, the entries that made the cut are still fabulous. You have to love a lexicographer ("a writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge") who had the courage, interest, and patience to write an entire dictionary by himself but also had the modesty to admit that any mistakes were due to "ignorance, Madam, pure ignorance."

It's great fun to see a portable edition of the 'dixonary' as Thackeray's headmistress called it. However, this edition from the purveyors of the upscale office furnishings catalog needs a lot more editing and polishing. The Greek in the derivations, for one thing, is atrociously copyedited, replete with mistranscribed letters and spelling mistakes, and completely missing accentuation. This is unforgivable; Johnson, though no Classical scholar, tried to be scrupulously correct in his Greek spelling and accentuation. Johnson's English orthography is mostly updated to 21st century conventions, except when it randomly isn't. (The introduction says no updating has taken place. This is not true.) There is no information given about the editor, or his methods, which makes the whole work a bit suspect.

There are much better editions of the 'Dixonary' out there. Please, find a better one!

This is by far the best selection of entries from Johnson's famous Dictionary available in print today. The difficult choice from among Johnson's many thousands of entries is well done, focusing on words we no longer use, or whose meaning has changed: this provides a window onto changes in English language and the character of 18th century thought, often with political and philosophical significance. Many of the entries are also intrinsically fascinating and/or humorous, making the book lots of fun. The book's introduction is first-rate, laying out the history and significance of this great lexicographic event in the history of our language. This combination makes the book useful for college courses. The author is a leading Johnson scholar and keeper of the primary website on 18th century English literature. He is also the author of a book on Johnson's insults, which I've found can come in very handy at department meetings.

The advent of the 18th century required a formal English dictionary for the keepers of the language. The Samuel Johnson Dictionary served as the authority until the Oxford English Dictionary was first published. Samuel Johnson's Dictionary has an extensive index of literary citations. There are sarcasms; such as, " That one English soldier will beat 10 of France" by Gerrick.

The volume has classic words and sayings of the 18th century .
For instance, the following words are defined:

- to aberuncate is to pull by the roots
- abba is Syrian for father
- bisson means blind
- to blood-let is to bleed
- cit is a city inhabitant
- ciliary belongs to the eyelids
- crinigerous is hairy
- dalliance is fondness
- epulation is a banquet or a feast

This work would be valuable for any student of fine English
literature and early American literature. Every literary library
should have at least one copy or more for research purposes.
The volume is easy to read and reasonably priced.

Madison warned us in the 1810s to be careful of the change in the use of words that had occured since the Founding, consider then how significant the changes have been from the founding till today. David McCullough kept an original copy of the dictionary close as he wrote his excellent book on Adam's.
In order to gain a more precise understanding of our heritage we have to remove the prism of viewing those times from our perspectives, and of course our use of language. We have never experienced, for example, a Baptist Minister being jailed in Virginia for the crime of preaching and not being an Anglican; Madison lived in a time when he could only hope for such a perspective. The education of many of the Founders was classical, hence their usage of words stayed closer to their original meanings, rather than the evolved usages we are fimiliar with. This excellent work, although containing selections, gives us a better view of what they were expressing.

In Federalist 37, Madison wrote:

.."Perspicuity,therefore, requires not only that the ideas should be distinctly formed, but that they should be expressed by words distinctly and exclusively appropriate to them."

Their effort to be precise having been noted, then this book offers us a clearer view of their intentions. If not we run the risk of being ill informed do to our pervicaciousness.

Henry Hitchings, in his brilliant `Dr Johnson's Dictionary' (see my review), recommends this abridged edition of the Dictionary. It, too, is a treat for all who love words and are interested in the 18th century. It reproduces more than 3,000 entries of the 42,733 in the original First Edition. It includes: the Plan that Johnson originally submitted to the Earl of Chesterfield (15 pages), from which, however, he was to deviate later in several important respects; Johnson's splendid Preface (20 pages); Lynch's own excellent Introduction (21 pages); 19 pages of Lynch's notes on those entries for which he felt a special explanation was necessary; and some very useful appendices. One lists (play by play) all the words in this edition for whose illustrations Johnson quoted plays by Shakespeare; another does the same for other authors (author by author - including the Bible); and a third, subject by subject, of what Lynch calls `piquant terms'. These include nearly three columns of `Inkhorn Terms', which would make for a splendid party game in which participants would be invited to guess their meaning. Lynch has in fact published a deck of 48 cards for just this purpose. (Here is a taster from the book, a selection from from just two letters: macilent, mactation, macilent, madefy, maffle, malvaceous, maritated, meracious, moky, morigerous, multiscious, mundivagant, mundungus, mussitation, mynchen, nimiety, nombles, nosology, nosopoetick, nubble, nummery, nuncupative.) This is all great fun; but there also is a lot of serious pleasure to be gained from dipping into this book for Johnson's definitions and for the examples he has culled from his wide reading. (It is a pity, though, that he did not specify more closely the place where his sources are to be found - partly, no doubt, as Hitchings explained, because Johnson often quoited from memory. For Biblical sources he does usually quote chapter and verse. Sometimes he does the same for Milton, but mostly not. Where his source is named simply `Shakespeare' or `Shak.Tit.And.', we could of course consult a Shakespeare Concordance for the precise place. But where there are no Concordances, a bare reference to `Dryd' or to `Swift' is a little frustrating. Another opportunity, perhaps, for a party game among the learnéd?)