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Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge [Paperback]

Christopher Lawrence (Editor), Steven Shapin (Editor)

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Book Description

March 28, 1998 0226470148 978-0226470146 1
Ever since Greek antiquity "disembodied knowledge" has often been taken as synonymous with "objective truth." Yet we also have very specific mental images of the kinds of bodies that house great minds—the ascetic philosopher versus the hearty surgeon, for example. Does truth have anything to do with the belly? What difference does it make to the pursuit of knowledge whether Einstein rode a bicycle, Russell was randy, or Darwin flatulent?

Bringing body and knowledge into such intimate contact is occasionally seen as funny, sometimes as enraging, and more often just as pointless. Vividly written and well illustrated, Science Incarnate offers concrete historical answers to such skeptical questions about the relationships between body, mind, and knowledge.

Focusing on the seventeenth century to the present, Science Incarnate explores how intellectuals sought to establish the value and authority of their ideas through public displays of their private ways of life. Patterns of eating, sleeping, exercising, being ill, and having (or avoiding) sex, as well as the marks of gender and bodily form, were proof of the presence or absence of intellectual virtue, integrity, skill, and authority. Intellectuals examined in detail include René Descartes, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Ada Lovelace.

Science Incarnate is at once very funny and deeply serious, addressing issues of crucial importance to present-day discussions about the nature of knowledge and how it is produced. It incorporates much that will interest cultural and social historians, historians of science and medicine, philosophers, sociologists, and anthropologists.

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Scientists are a serious bunch, present mostly in their minds, careless about how they look ... right? Maybe not. Sociologist Shapin and historian Lawrence present a series of historical essays on the embodiment of knowledge. They argue that the products of intellect are not separate from the bodily process of thinking. But what have the passions and physiognomies of great thinkers to do with the knowledge they produce? Darwin's illness might have worked as a buffer distancing him from scientific controversy and social friction. Nietzsche's attacks on the ascetic ideal reflected his idea that bad philosophy was a symptom of a bad body. Proper social behavior was crucial to Descartes. These portraits of some of history's great "knowers" show clearly that the recurring themes and images of scientists (ascetic philosopher, hearty surgeon) express dominant societal beliefs about knowledge and humanity. Readers should expect a purely academic treatment of the subject--these are no joking caricatures of thick glasses and rumpled hair--yet this book is funny. Who could read the essay entitled "I Could Have Retched All Night," describing Darwin's notorious flatulence and incessant vomiting, without laughing, albeit uncomfortably. Science historians will find this a valuable addition to their libraries, as a reflection of a time when "the way we lived ... was understood to be intimately connected to the way we think." --Therese Littleton

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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
A STORY IS TOLD-and much repeated-about Sir Isaac Newton when he was living in London toward the end of his life: Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
human transfusion, competitive study, analytic engine
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Cambridge University Press, New York, Isaac Newton, Lady Byron, Courtesy Wellcome Institute Library, Charles Darwin, University of Chicago Press, Harvard University Press, Mathematical Tripos, Calculating Passion, Sir Isaac, Enchantress of Numbers, Princeton University Press, Robert Boyle, Trinity College, English University, The Philosophical Writings, Clarendon Press, Seventeenth-Century England, Five Years, Harriet Martineau, History of the Royal Society, University of California Press, Philosophical Transactions, Victorian England
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