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Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science (Science and Its Conceptual Foundations series)
 
 
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Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science (Science and Its Conceptual Foundations series) [Paperback]

David L. Hull (Author)
4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)

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Book Description

0226360512 978-0226360515 May 15, 1990 Paperback Edition 1990
"Legend is overdue for replacement, and an adequate replacement must attend to the process of science as carefully as Hull has done. I share his vision of a serious account of the social and intellectual dynamics of science that will avoid both the rosy blur of Legend and the facile charms of relativism. . . . Because of [Hull's] deep concern with the ways in which research is actually done, Science as a Process begins an important project in the study of science. It is one of a distinguished series of books, which Hull himself edits."—Philip Kitcher, Nature

"In Science as a Process, [David Hull] argues that the tension between cooperation and competition is exactly what makes science so successful. . . . Hull takes an unusual approach to his subject. He applies the rules of evolution in nature to the evolution of science, arguing that the same kinds of forces responsible for shaping the rise and demise of species also act on the development of scientific ideas."—Natalie Angier, New York Times Book Review

"By far the most professional and thorough case in favour of an evolutionary philosophy of science ever to have been made. It contains excellent short histories of evolutionary biology and of systematics (the science of classifying living things); an important and original account of modern systematic controversy; a counter-attack against the philosophical critics of evolutionary philosophy; social-psychological evidence, collected by Hull himself, to show that science does have the character demanded by his philosophy; and a philosophical analysis of evolution which is general enough to apply to both biological and historical change."—Mark Ridley, Times Literary Supplement

"Hull is primarily interested in how social interactions within the scientific community can help or hinder the process by which new theories and techniques get accepted. . . . The claim that science is a process for selecting out the best new ideas is not a new one, but Hull tells us exactly how scientists go about it, and he is prepared to accept that at least to some extent, the social activities of the scientists promoting a new idea can affect its chances of being accepted."—Peter J. Bowler, Archives of Natural History

"I have been doing philosophy of science now for twenty-five years, and whilst I would never have claimed that I knew everything, I felt that I had a really good handle on the nature of science, Again and again, Hull was able to show me just how incomplete my understanding was. . . . Moreover, [Science as a Process] is one of the most compulsively readable books that I have ever encountered."—Michael Ruse, Biology and Philosophy


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Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

Applies evolutionary models to the cultural and conceptual change of intellectual communities. Essential reading for anyone interested in how ideas evolve, and how best to describe these processes rigorously.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 600 pages
  • Publisher: University Of Chicago Press; Paperback Edition 1990 edition (May 15, 1990)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0226360512
  • ISBN-13: 978-0226360515
  • Product Dimensions: 9.8 x 7.3 x 1.5 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2.3 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (2 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,013,271 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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20 of 20 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Frustrating, July 19, 2006
By 
meadowreader (Sandia Park, NM USA) - See all my reviews
This review is from: Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science (Science and Its Conceptual Foundations series) (Paperback)
Although it is a good read, this is one of those books whose sum is less than its parts. Hull presents a very nice account of the various turns in the historical development of evolutionary theory. There is an especially good description of the different schools of taxonomy (how organisms are classified). We also get a blow-by-blow account of the struggle for ascendancy between the pheneticists and the cladists, with lots of juicy, insider detail about the personalities involved, including some well-known figures in evolutionary biology. This is all in the service of an argument in favor of a generalized selectionist account of conceptual change in science, which uses Hull's useful and clarifying terminology of replicators and interactors. (It was especially clarifying for Dawkins.) There is much wise and insightful commentary, and many interesting tidbits, about science and the philosophy of science sprinkled throughout the book.

But in terms of the book's overall argument, it doesn't seem we end up with all that much after 500 pages of text. I found myself a bit worn down and more than a bit frustrated by then. Yes, scientific change can be seen as a selection process with much in common with natural selection in biology. But the questions that conclusion suggests for future research (e.g., "Does science develop more quickly in areas characterized by competing factions than in areas where scientists work largely alone?") don't seem very exciting or novel, nor do they seem to require Hull's selectionist framework. I'm reminded of systems theory, where once you point out that interdependent things can often be viewed as elements of a system, nothing much of interest seems to follow. Similarly, memetics and viral theories of information spread involve an interesting insight, but where is the yield?

Hull spends a lot of time on the details of how articles end up published or rejected by journals, much less on the processes by which research grants are given out. His subjects worked in museums and other environments where outside financial support apparently was not critical; but that is hardly characteristic of most areas of science today, where whole labs float on soft money and the scramble for research dollars is intense. One has to wonder, too, about the extent to which his conclusions based on "small science" would hold for the kind of big-money science done in the pharmaceutical industry or where scientists themselves become entrepreneurs, such as we see today in genomics and the high-payoff areas of molecular biology generally. There is something slightly quaint about his taxonomists sniping at each other over control of their conference agendas.

For a much more succinct account of Hull's selectionist model, I'd recommend his later book, "Science and Selection: Essays on Biological Evolution and the Philosophy of Science" (2001).

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5 of 22 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A must-read book for anyone, July 13, 1999
By A Customer
This review is from: Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science (Science and Its Conceptual Foundations series) (Paperback)
The people thinks that the science is only for scientist. Nothing's far from that. In this book we can learn how the science involves people and their relationships, personal or not. Some parts of the book are funny, some are amazing. Did you already read "On the origin....", it does not matter, read the Hull's book!, and then any "about-evolution-book" you want, you'll read with other mind.
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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
THIS BOOK concerns science. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
fellow cladists, janowitz paper, phenetic philosophy, conceptual inclusive fitness, numerical taxonomy conference, one cladist, ideal morphologists, unappreciated precursors, pattern cladism, pattern cladists, organism selectionists, other cladists, conceptual replicators, logical empiricist analysis, numerical pheneticists, refereeing practices, evolutionary systematists, taxonomic philosophy, parallel observations hold, phylogenetic cladists, gene selectionists, genetic inclusive fitness, numerical taxonomists, proper scientific conduct, hook review editor
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
American Museum, United States, New York, Hennig Society, Great Britain, British Museum, Linnean Society, World War, Gareth Nelson, Royal Society, Maynard Smith, Live Cladism, Dan Brooks, Donn Rosen, National Science Foundation, Stony Brook, Visible Hand, New Zealand, University of Kansas, Ann Arbor, Ernst Mayr, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Nobel Prize, Arnold Kluge, Columbia University
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