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Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner, and a Gentlemen Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail [Paperback]

Stephen R. Bown
4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (22 customer reviews)

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Book Description

July 14, 2005
Scurvy took a terrible toll in the Age of Sail, killing more sailors than were lost in all sea battles combined. The threat of the disease kept ships close to home and doomed those vessels that ventured too far from port. The willful ignorance of the royal medical elite, who endorsed ludicrous medical theories based on speculative research while ignoring the life-saving properties of citrus fruit, cost tens of thousands of lives and altered the course of many battles at sea. The cure for scurvy ranks among the greatest of human accomplishments, yet its impact on history has, until now, been largely ignored.

From the earliest recorded appearance of the disease in the sixteenth century, to the eighteenth century, where a man had only half a chance of surviving the scourge, to the early nineteenth century, when the British conquered scurvy and successfully blockaded the French and defeated Napoleon, Scurvy is a medical detective story for the ages, the fascinating true story of how James Lind (the surgeon), James Cook (the mariner), and Gilbert Blane (the gentleman) worked separately to eliminate the dreaded affliction.

Scurvy is an evocative journey back to the era of wooden ships and sails, when the disease infiltrated every aspect of seafaring life: press gangs "recruit" mariners on the way home from a late night at the pub; a terrible voyage in search of riches ends with a hobbled fleet and half the crew heaved overboard; Cook majestically travels the South Seas but suffers an unimaginable fate. Brimming with tales of ships, sailors, and baffling bureaucracy, Scurvy is a rare mix of compelling history and classic adventure story.

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

From the 15th to the mid-19th centuries, scurvy caused more deaths at sea than storms, shipwrecks, combat and all other diseases combined, according to Bown (Sightseers and Scholars). In this intriguing book, Bown tells how the preventative and cure-a diet that included fresh fruits and vegetables, which were rarely carried on sailing ships-was finally identified. For years, the mysterious illness was treated with oil of vitriol, bloodletting, sea water, wort of malt and, occasionally, lemon juice. Even after James Lind, a surgeon's mate in Britain's Royal Navy, showed in 1747 that citrus was the effective remedy, his treatment was not taken seriously, because he couldn't explain why it worked. On three voyages, from 1768 to 1781, Captain James Cook tested a wide array of antiscorbutics as preventatives, including fresh vegetables and citrus juice, but evidence of the effectiveness of the fresh produce was inconclusive, and the Royal Navy persisted in relying on the other, worthless, remedies. Scurvy continued to decimate ships' crews, and Bown speculates that failure to arrest the disease had global repercussions and may have been the reason for Britain's defeat in the American Revolution. Finally, in 1795, Gilbert Blaine, a gentleman physician, persuaded the admiralty to issue daily rations of lemon juice on all Royal Navy ships; although the active compound, ascorbic acid, was not isolated until more than a century later, this simple procedure kept the British sailors healthy and enabled them to defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Bown tells the story well, and he presents a vivid picture of life aboard ship during the age of sail-brutal captains; dangerous work; rotting food; filthy, overcrowded living quarters; and the ultimate horror, scurvy. Illus. not seen by PW.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From Booklist

The plague of eighteenth-century seafarers was scurvy, the consequence of the lack of vitamin C in the everyday diet. A condition in which body tissues break down, scurvy can kill quickly yet can be reversed even more quickly by drinking lemon or orange juice or eating fresh green vegetables. Some earlier mariners had learned that lemon juice cured scurvy, but no one in authority realized it could prevent it, too. It took the successive labors, over the course of 60 years, of surgeon James Lind, explorer James Cook, and aristocrat (and also physician) Gilbert Blane to force acknowledgment that scurvy was preventable. Bown's fluent history shows that medicine of the time wasn't yet experimental and analytic, or even materialistic, but still sought spiritual or essential reasons for disease. After Blane's triumph, scurvy-free British seamen destroyed Napoleon's numerically superior but scurvy-ridden navy, whereas 30 years earlier, Britain's sick sailors were overmatched by France's much larger (though also sick) forces, putting the kibosh on Britain's retention of its 13 American colonies. Excellent medical--and naval--history. Ray Olson
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 272 pages
  • Publisher: St. Martin's Griffin; Reprint edition (July 14, 2005)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0312313926
  • ISBN-13: 978-0312313920
  • Product Dimensions: 8.5 x 5.5 x 0.7 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 8.5 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (22 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #542,397 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

I am an award-winning author of historical non-fiction with eight books to my credit, published internationally and translated into many languages.

My book Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail was an international critical success and was selected as one of the Globe and Mail's Top 100 books of 2004. A Most Damnable Invention: Dynamite, Nitrates and the Making of the Modern World, was included in the Scientific American Book Club, the History Book Club and the Quality Paperback Book Club as well as being shortlisted for two awards. My next book, Madness, Betrayal and the Lash: The Epic Voyage of Captain George Vancouver, was shortlisted for the Canadian Authors' Association's Lela Common Award for Canadian History and won the 2009 B.C. Book Prize Booksellers' Choice Award.

After the publication of Merchant Kings: When Companies Ruled the World, in 2010, I received a phone call from The Right Honourable Paul Martin, former Prime Minister of Canada, telling me how much he enjoyed the book. He stayed up all night reading it, but he said the lost sleep was worth it.

1494: How a Family Feud in Medieval Spain Divided the World in Half was released in August 2011 in Canada and February 2012 in the United States. 1494 tells the true story involving a corrupt pope - Rodrigo Borgia, the patriarch of the family fictionalized in the hit Showtime series The Borgias - in an explosive feud between monarchs, clergy and explorers that split the globe between Spain and Portugal and made the world's oceans a battleground.

The Last Viking: The Life of Roald Amundsen was released in the US, Canada and the UK in the fall of 2012 to superior reviews and strong sales. Based on the discovery of hundreds of previously unused magazine and newspaper interviews and profiles, most from the New York Times, it presents a new perspective of Amundsen's personality and life and shows that he lived primarily in the United States for many years rather than in Norway as is commonly assumed.

My author facebook page is www.facebook.com/srbown on which I post interesting historical tidbits related to my writing several times per week. I also have an author website which has a complete list of reviews: www.stephenrbown.net

I live in Canmore in the Rocky Mountains with my wife Nicky and two children. When I'm not writing I'm usually reading, mountain biking, hiking and camping in the summer, and downhill and cross country skiing in the winter.


Customer Reviews

4.5 out of 5 stars
(22)
4.5 out of 5 stars
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
12 of 12 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars an excellent book May 9, 2004
By A Customer
Format:Hardcover
This is a well-written, entertaining book. I read it mostly due to my interest in sea-faring and the "age of sail," as the author terms it. However, I found myself enjoying it just as much for the story it tells about the gradual discovery of a cure for a disease that crippled sea-faring nations for centuries. Particularly enlightening is the story of the bureacracy, the British Admiralty, that stubbornly ignored the potential cure, even as it suffered tremendous losses for its ignorance, and how vital privilege and influence is in challenging and changing such an establishment. The book's only minor flaw is that it focuses primarily on one country, Britain, without elaborating on how or why France or Spain failed to find a cause and a cure. I would recommend it highly.
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7 of 7 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Not as deep as it could have been. March 7, 2004
Format:Hardcover
This book tackles a fascinating subject; scurvy which killed 100,000s of sailors. Many passages illuminate the causes and affects of this terrible disease, which quite simply results from a lack of vitamin C and causes the bond of the body to weaken, causing terrible bleeding in the gums and from the skin. The cure for scurvy was not understood for 100s of years and this book takes the reader on a quick stroll through this history. Why did Eskimoes, who ate no vegetables, not suffer scurvy? This question was posed by the English whose aptitude for eating limes gave them the nickname `limies' since limes appeared to counteract scurvy. Why did preserved meat not work? Why did cooked meat or limes not work? These questions were eventually answered by the man who found out the truth behind the disease. This is the books central theme and actually its main detraction. Since the book focuses on the men, reminiscent of the recent book on the OED, it detracts slightly from the overall history of scurvy. Nevertheless this is a welcomed addition on the subject, and a fascinating read.

Seth J. Frantzman

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5 of 5 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Beating Scurvy November 26, 2007
By Zecon
Format:Paperback
I've always been fascinated by the age of sail, particularly the period during the Napoleonic Wars. An incredible test of nations and the men at sea occurred during that war. Consequently I have enjoyed reading numerous fictional accounts of that war from authors such as Patrick O'Brien, Dudley Pope, and C.S. Forester. What I never fully grasped were all the reasons why the Brits were superior to the French and Spanish navies. Those authors always talked up the better training and discipline as the reason. They also pointed to the leadership purges of the French navy that occurred during the revolution. However, I intuitively recognized that there was something more to the story. The cure for scurvy was that something more. And the Brits got there first.

Brown does a fantastic job of outlining the history of scurvy and the quest for a cure in a very interesting and readable fashion. Outlining the course of scurvy at sea during the voyages of Anson and Cook, he is able to put a cost on scurvy. He details how rigid social structures prevented remedies from being taken seriously and reluctance by the Admiralty to invest in its men in terms of hygiene and diet permitted this affliction to rage for much longer than it should have. It is shocking to read how the medical professionals of the day diagnosed patients despite the evidence. When it appears that they are on the very verge of a cure, they seem to loose touch with logic and regress to useless remedies.

Brown tells the story of scurvy very well.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
5.0 out of 5 stars Cannot put this one down!
A very thorough book about the causes of scurvy and its results, Scary to read. Impossible to understand that people still managed to sail the seven seas and to fight sea battles a... Read more
Published 1 month ago by Maria T. Sindram
5.0 out of 5 stars This book is riveting!
Stephen Bown has done a great job weaving history and scientific fact together to make a fast-paced, entertaining story. Read more
Published 1 month ago by Leslie A. Raab
5.0 out of 5 stars great read to tie medicine to history
the historical aspects of health and its impact on our world is tied together wonderfully in this tome. scurvy is largely forgotten but limited human progress for centuries. Read more
Published 4 months ago by sleep traveller
4.0 out of 5 stars This was a good book on an interesting topic
Scurvy took a terrible toll on sailors for many years. This book describes the search for a cure for this terrible disease. Read more
Published 14 months ago by James M
5.0 out of 5 stars AN ASPECT OF HISTORY WE NEED TO TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT
I can remember hearing of the disease scurvy at a very young age, reading about sailors, both fictional and nonfictional. Read more
Published 22 months ago by D. Blankenship
5.0 out of 5 stars Politics and science
Scurvy was a dreadful disease that exacted horrendous cost, both human and financial. It appears when we don't eat enough fresh fruits and vegetables which we now know contain... Read more
Published on July 19, 2010 by Vincent Poirier
5.0 out of 5 stars `Scurvy is a hideous and frightful affliction ..'
Few discoveries are truly the consequence of a `eureka!' type discovery by one person. Most are the consequences of incremental knowledge and some coincidence of timing, event or... Read more
Published on December 27, 2008 by J. Cameron-Smith
5.0 out of 5 stars Prof. William Wills
This was an excellent book and should be read by every grduate and medical student. It is a profound description what was one of the problems of the medical profesion and that... Read more
Published on September 9, 2008 by William Wills
4.0 out of 5 stars "Scurvy was everywhere--an ever-present arm of the Grim Reaper"
During the Age of Sail from the time of Columbus to the steam era of the mid 19th century, scurvy was the biggest killer of men at sea, being responsible for more deaths than... Read more
Published on August 18, 2008 by mwreview
3.0 out of 5 stars Very Interesting Treatment of a Devastating Disease
This is a very interesting book that highlights the devastation wrought by scurvy and the path to discovering the cure. Read more
Published on February 2, 2008 by Sparrowhawk
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