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The Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown
 
 
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The Secret Six: The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown [Hardcover]

Edward J. Renehan Jr. (Author)
4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 2, 1995
Most Americans know that John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia -- a raid he believed would ignite a bloody slave revolution -- was one of the events that sparked the Civil War. But very few know the story of how Brown was covertly aided by a circle of prosperous and privileged Northeasterners who supplied him with money and weapons, and, before the raid, even hid him in their homes while authorities sought Brown on a murder charge. These men called themselves the Secret Six.

The Secret Six included Thomas Wentworth Higginson, minister, author, and editor of the Atlantic Monthly; Samuel Howe, world-famous physician; Theodore Parker, the Unitarian minister whose rhetoric helped shape Lincoln's Gettysburg Address; Franklin Sanborn, an educator and close friend of Emerson and Thoreau; and the immensely wealthy Gerrit Smith and George Luther Stearns.

The existence of the Six has been known to scholars, but there has never been a book devoted to them. Now, drawing on archives from Boston to Kansas, Edward J. Renehan, Jr., has created a vivid portrait of this unlikely cabal, showing how six pillars of the establishment came to believe that armed conflict was necessary in order to purge the United States of a government-sanctioned evil, slavery. The messianic zealot Brown -- also brilliantly portrayed-streaked across their path like a meteor. Renehan traces how the Six became involved with Brown, and how their lives were forever changed by the events at Harpers Ferry and the war they helped to start.

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Renehan provides a significant addition to the literature on abolitionism in this study of six prominent Northerners who supported and financed John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, Va. (now W.Va.). Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Theodore Parker, Samuel Howe, Gerrit Smith, Franklin Sanborn and George Luther Stearns were all men of learning, wealth and status who seemed to inhabit a different world than the rough-hewn Brown. They shared with him, however, an idealistic hatred of slavery and the growing belief that the evil could be purged only by direct action. In the aftermath of the mission's failure, they successfully distanced themselves from the venture, at least publicly. Nevertheless, Renehan establishes the abolitionist movement's essential unity and how Brown and his advocates, willing to use violence, helped push the country toward civil war. Photos.
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal

When John Brown was captured after his raid on Harper's Ferry, letters were found from prominent citizens who had been his financial backers since his days in Kansas. The Secret Six included Thomas W. Higgins, publisher of Atlantic Monthly, and other well-to-do men of Boston and New York, all of whom wished anonymity. Their names were published shortly after the raid, prompting two of the six to run to Canada and one to go insane; all concerned thereafter distanced themselves from Brown for fear of being convicted of treason. Renehan (John Burroughs: An American Naturalist, LJ 11/15/92) describes how these pillars of society, with their romantic notions about war, decided after the Fugitive Slave Act and other proslavery decisions that armed conflict was necessary to end slavery. Brown was a violent man with a history of fraud and failed ventures, but he was also a devout abolitionist and a persuasive speaker. His raid on Harper's Ferry in 1859 failed, but it did feed the flames that erupted into civil war. This well-researched book about that turbulent time is strongly recommended for serious collections.
Robert C. Moore, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co. Information Svcs., N. Billerica, Mass.
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 308 pages
  • Publisher: Crown; 1st edition (May 2, 1995)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 051759028X
  • ISBN-13: 978-0517590287
  • Product Dimensions: 9 x 6.1 x 1.3 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,379,728 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

14 Reviews
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4 star:
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3 star:
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1 star:
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Average Customer Review
4.3 out of 5 stars (14 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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12 of 13 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent, April 10, 1998
By A Customer
I notice that three Pulitzer Prize-winning historians disagree with Mr. Shear's scathing criticism of THE SECRET SIX. Garry Wills, author of LINCOLN AT GETTYSBURG, says "Renehan admirably works himself into the inner circle of these would-be conspirators for good." James McPherson, author of BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM, says: "In vivid prose, THE SECRET SIX unravels the mysteries of the six prominent abolitionists who supported John Brown but abandoned him to his fate after the ill-starred raid at Harpers Ferry. Edward Renehan has made an important contribution to our understanding of the Civil War and its causes." And C. Vann Woodward, editor of MARY CHESTNUT'S CIVIL WAR, writes: "With their own words and private correspondence, this remarkable book reveals more secrets of the Secret Six than John Brown himself ever knew." The book has also been praised by the New York Times, the Boston Globe, the Baltimore Sun, and Esquire Magazine. Mr. Shear, it seems, stands alone. -- Arnold Roosevelt (aroos@cyberdude.com)
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5 of 5 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars "Six Peters" *, April 21, 2008
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John Brown remains an elusive figure even today, nearly 150 years and who knows how many books after his execution. But our continuing fascination for the Brown--was he a saint? a madman? a traitor? a hero?--tends to overlook the fact that his activities, both in bleeding Kansas and Harpers Ferry, were financed and supported by many aristocratic and wealthy New England abolitionists. Edward Renehan's genuinely fascinating book offers us the first in-depth look at the leading six of them: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a pastor who became a colonel of black troops in the Civil War; Theodore Parker, minister and philosopher; Franklin Sanborn, educator; Samuel Howe, physician; and Gerrit Smith of New York and George Luther Stearns of Boston, wealthy businessmen.

For me, the overriding impression from Renehan's narrative is that the involvement of the "secret six" with Brown was not unlike a Gilbert & Sullivan comedy. The six raised money for weapons that were frequently low quality; they self-importantly sprinkled letters to one another with codewords: "shepherds" for soldiers; "furniture" for guns, "Hawkins" for Brown; they insisted on not knowing details about Brown's plans to protect themselves, yet got petulant when they felt they were kept out of the loop; when Brown was captured, all but one of them (Higginson) panicked mightily (Higginson, to his never-ending mortification, seems never to have been recognized as a conspirator by the authorities); and by the time Brown was hanged on 2 December 1859, Howe and Stearns had fled the country, Parker was dying of consumption in Italy, Sanborn couldn't make up his mind whether or not he ought to flee, Smith was in an insane asylum, and Higginson was planning a half-cocked (and never pulled off) plan to rescue Brown's still imprisoned companions in the crazy raid on Harpers Ferry.

All this is absurd and even silly. But things take on a much more ominous tone when Renehan paints a portrait of Brown as a religious fanatic who seems indifferent to life in Kansas (the Pottawatomie massacre is just he most famous example); who believed that his raid on Harpers Ferry was approved by God and hence infallible; whose military planning included the bizarre insistence that low ground was more defensible than high; and who apparently felt no compunction about adding deception and common theft to murder in the pursuit of his goal to spark a slave insurrection.

The fascinating subtext of Renehan's book, then, is a question: how is it that well-educated, wealthy, upper-class men could've so fallen under the sway of a man like Brown that they were willing to risk treason to finance his insurrection (notwithstanding that after the revolt failed they lost their nerves)? Part of the answer lies in the secret six's hatred of slavery and their despair over a legal end to it. But part of the reason must also have been Brown's charisma. Mad as he probably was--as even Higginson years later said he was--his magnetism was overpowering.

A valuable addition to our understanding of the pre-civil war in Kansas as well as the debacle at Harpers Ferry. Highly recommended.
__________
* The title Higginson gave himself and his five fellow backers of Brown who, Higginson believed, all betrayed Brown after his capture by trying to deny their complicity. The reference, of course, is to Peter's denial of Jesus.
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9 of 11 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A tangled web revealed, December 5, 1999
By A Customer
THE SECRET SIX does a wonderful job of revealing the tangled web of intrigue that lay behind John Brown's 1859 incursion at Harpers Ferry. This is stunning stuff: six affluent northeasterners, one of them the husband of poetess Julia Ward Howe and another the leading Unitarian minister of his day, financing terrorism in slave states -- and going about it methodically, calmly, and deliberately. What a story. And so well told.
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First Sentence:
ON A SWELTERING summer's morning in 1867, the portly, bald Gerrit Smith sat silently with his lawyer in the vestibule of a Chicago courtroom. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
disunion abolitionists, secret unspoken, proslavery men, typescript copy
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Harpers Ferry, New York, Gerrit Smith, United States, North Elba, Theodore Parker, Secret Six, Julia Ward Howe, New England, Samuel Gridley Howe, Franklin Sanborn, Charles Town, George Luther Stearns, Frederick Douglass, Hugh Forbes, Amos Lawrence, Faneuil Hall, Mary Brown, Massachusetts Historical Society, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Wendell Phillips, John Murray Forbes, Emigrant Aid Company, James Redpath, Lewis Hayden
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