The Roman Senate had emerged as the mainstay of an extended struggle against executive authority for power to control the purse. For centuries, the Senate of ancient Rome was made up of "the wisest, the best educated, the most respected, most experienced, most vigilant, most patriotic men of substance in the Roman republic." But "when the Roman Senate gave up its control of the purse strings, it gave away its power to check the executive. From that point on, the Senate declined. . . Once the mainstay was weakened, the structure collapsed and the Roman republic fell."
Senator Byrd sees ample parallels between the willingness of Roman senators to hand over powers of the purse to usurping executives and the compliant attitude of United States senators in responding to presidential urging for a similar grant of powers in a line-item veto constitutional amendment.
