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Sin: A History
 
 
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Sin: A History [Hardcover]

Gary A. Anderson (Author)
4.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (8 customer reviews)

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Book Description

September 29, 2009

What is sin? Is it simply wrongdoing? Why do its effects linger over time? In this sensitive, imaginative, and original work, Gary Anderson shows how changing conceptions of sin and forgiveness lay at the very heart of the biblical tradition. Spanning nearly two thousand years, the book brilliantly demonstrates how sin, once conceived of as a physical burden, becomes, over time, eclipsed by economic metaphors. Transformed from a weight that an individual carried, sin becomes a debt that must be repaid in order to be redeemed in God's eyes.

Anderson shows how this ancient Jewish revolution in thought shaped the way the Christian church understood the death and resurrection of Jesus and eventually led to the development of various penitential disciplines, deeds of charity, and even papal indulgences. In so doing it reveals how these changing notions of sin provided a spur for the Protestant Reformation.

Broad in scope while still exceptionally attentive to detail, this ambitious and profound book unveils one of the most seismic shifts that occurred in religious belief and practice, deepening our understanding of one of the most fundamental aspects of human experience.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

“In this highly original study, Gary Anderson draws on a cornucopia of sources (biblical, patristic, rabbinic) to show how different metaphors, e.g. a weight on one''s back or a debt to be paid, have shaped the development of Jewish and Christian understandings of sin. Though Anderson ranges far and wide, he never loses sight of the big picture.”—Robert Louis Wilken, University of Virginia
(Robert Louis Wilken )

“Anderson is developing a new approach to biblical theology, by probing the root metaphors for theological ideas, and tracing their interpretation in postbiblical Judaism and Christianity. This book is important not only for the history of sin, but also for the central theological idea of atonement. An important and original book.”—John J. Collins, Holmes Professor of Old Testament, Yale University
(John J. Collins )

“Wonderful and surprising . . . a significant contribution both to scriptural interpretation and to theology proper, and an object lesson in how to do both well. . . . [Anderson] brings the traditions he interprets alive and shows how Christianity and Judaism each provides a thread in a single figural fabric.”—Commonweal

(Commonweal )

“Astonishing . . . compelling . . . . This book merits wide and sustained attention . . . . There are few books available that offer as many generative insights as this one.”—Walter Brueggemann, Christian Century

(Walter Brueggemann Christian Century )

“Impressive . . . powerfully reasoned and compelling.”—Peter Lopatin, Commentary

(Peter Lopatin Commentary )

“Scholarship at its best . . . well-argued insights and lively prose . . . . Highly recommended.”—Choice



(Choice )

"Anderson''s clear concise writing and solid line of argumentation on the history of sin as a debt is to be highly commended to students, scholars, and libraries as a valuable and insightful addition."—Theodore James Whapham, Catholic Books Review
(Theodore James Whapham Catholic Books Review )

"One of those rare volumes that charts new territory, that speaks new wisdom . . . fascinating . . . [and] as gripping as a detective novel."—Nicola Hoggard Creegan, Colloquium
(Nicola Hoggard Creegan Colloquium )

"This slender volume, bearing the author''s wide learning with a rare grace, addresses a significant question in Jewish and Christian thought, one with far-reaching implications for theology, ethics, and the church''s work. . . . [Anderson''s] work offers a learned, and in many ways spiritually liberating, alternative to both evangelical and liberal views of sin and justification while taking human obligation seriously."—Gary A. Anderson, Restoration Quarterly
(Gary A. Anderson Restoration Quarterly )

"Anderson is entirely successful in demonstrating the significance of metaphor in shaping thoughts and actions in relation to sin and especially the importance of the debt metaphor in early Judaism and Christianity. Equally impressive in this book is the way that Anderson takes complex issues and presents them in a way that is entirely accessible to a more general audience. Such an achievement is exceedingly rare in biblical and Second Temple studies. . . . In sum, Sin: A History is erudite, informative, and accessible."—Jeffrey Stackert, The Journal of Religion
(Jeffrey Stackert The Journal of Religion )

"At times Anderson''s insights are breathtaking . . . This book might—and should—have enormous impact on theology."—James F. Keenan, Theological Studies
(James F. Keenan Theological Studies )

About the Author

Gary A. Anderson is professor of Old Testament/Hebrew Bible in the Department of Theology at the University of Notre Dame.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 272 pages
  • Publisher: Yale University Press (September 29, 2009)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0300149891
  • ISBN-13: 978-0300149890
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.3 x 0.9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (8 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #288,058 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

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Average Customer Review
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37 of 38 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars A Great Book...for many reasons, October 5, 2009
This review is from: Sin: A History (Hardcover)
Gary Anderson's new book, Sin, is the rare combination of informative academic work and thoughtful theological insight; of penetrating depth of research and commendable breadth in scope. Anderson is clearly well-versed in Hebrew Scripture, early Christian writings, and important works from church history (such as Anselm). And yet, the book never gets bogged down in any of them or becomes tedious. On the contrary, Anderson moves effortlessly and clearly between the disciplines, providing a rich pay-off for the reader. This is one of the best models I've seen of how sound historical-critical research can be theologically constructive. In particular, the discussion of Lev 25-26 and the contextualization of some of Jesus' sayings (such as the Lord's Prayer and his exchange with the rich young ruler) were alone worth the price of the book. Highly recommended.
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29 of 30 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Creative Idea, Brilliantly Executed, September 25, 2009
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This review is from: Sin: A History (Hardcover)
Who would have thunk to write a history of sin? Starting from biblical sources, Anderson argues persuasively that the metaphors for sin change through time. This change had real implications for early Judaism and Christianity, including Syriac Christianity, an Aramaic form of the religion that offers unique insight into the metaphor of sin as debt. This development of the metaphors for sin are not isolated linguistic or textual issues, but rather have actual impact on church history, including Anselm's theory of atonement and Catholic/Protestant dialogue. As a result, these metaphors for sin have practical implications in the life of the church, and this careful study of the topic can have fruitful impact on both inter- and intra-religious dialogue.

It is a rare scholar who blends cutting edge biblical scholarship with extensive knowledge of Jewish and church history. Anderson's book combines academic acumen, carefully executed methodology, and clear writing. The result is an innovative book on one of the oldest topics in the history of Judeo-Christian thought.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Ought to have been entitled "SIN AS DEBT", July 11, 2011
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This review is from: Sin: A History (Paperback)

Anderson's book does not attempt to define sin as any sort of transgression of God's commandments. He writes rather in order to describe sin as "debt" (hob 135) and how that debt caused "almsgiving" to emerge as a very important practice among Jews and Christians (Preface x). Taking his clue from St. Anselm in chapter 12, Anderson, in my opinion, sketches his book around Anselm's theological conclusions where debt and atonement come together in "Why God Became Man" (189). Further Anderson argues that sin is not a guilty conscience but "stain" or "burden placed upon oneself" (4). Such development of sin did have its history of evolution (6). Originating from Aramaic sources sin as debt metaphor soon found its way into the Hebrew mindset especially during Second Temple syntextual development (in TOBIT for instance 9). For if people "owed" something then it was supposed that "credit" could be attained. From such discovery of owing God repayment came the possibility of buying credits (by giving alms) for sins commited. Anderson informs us that this was where the Rabbinic discussion of "zekut" or credit arose and from such theological understanding almsgiving ('ham-miswah' 223 note 38) became THE commandment (9-10).

Sprinkled through his book Anderson notes many Hebrew words which dealt with ideas of sin such as "nasa" carry away or "kibbes" wash away (16). Qumran is discussed with its use of the word "debt" (habu 192). This is a fine book where rhetoric flows and meaning empties into an arena of helpful Biblical theology! Anderson's concluding chapter discussing "Why God Became Man" enthralled me with how he tied Old Testament ideas of debt/alms into the New Testament concept of debt atonement (by an Old Testament Professor at that!) Published by Yale University in 2009 this paperback is well constructed. This edition has 202 pages including 32 pages of footnoting and a general and an Ancient sources Index which concludes this worthy book.
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