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The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal as Ethnic Cleansing
 
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The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal as Ethnic Cleansing [Hardcover]

E. Michael Jones (Author)
3.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (13 customer reviews)

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Book Description

2004
By now, it should be obvious that the government-sponsored initiative to renew this country's large cities which began in the 1930s and continued largely unabated in the East and Midwest through the 1960s and beyond has been a profound and devastating failure. More homes were destroyed than were ever built; once-great metropolises like Detroit lay in ruins; once-thriving neighborhoods were overwhelmed with drugs and crime; buildings that were built to last centuries fell to the wrecking ball mere decades after they were built; an entire generation of young people, both those who came to the cities and those who were driven from the cities into the suburbs, have grown up rootless, in a Hobbesian state in which man's life was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short."

The traditional explanation, the one which no one believes anymore, is that all this was done to eliminate "blight." A more recent explanation, only slightly less implausible, is that it all came about because of faulty design, as if a nation of 260 million people, one which had already produced the Columbian Exhibition of 1893, couldn't come up with anything more inspiring that the average strip mall. The real story, it turns out, is different from both previous explanations. What began as the World War II intelligence community's attempt to solve America's "nationalities problem" and provide workers for the nation's war industries degenerated by the early post-war period into full-blown ethnic cleansing.

E. Michael Jones has followed the advice of Christopher Wrenn. Looking around, he saw monuments, but monuments to the folly and malice of social engineering and a government that had declared war on large segments of its own people. In his meticulously documented book, he proves that urban renewal had more to do with ethnicity than it ever had to do with design or hygiene or blight. Urban renewal was the last gasp attempt of the WASP ruling class to take control of a country that was slipping out of its grasp for demographic reasons. The largely Catholic ethnics were to be driven out of their neighborhoods into the suburbs, where they were to be "Americanized" according to WASP principles. The neighborhoods they left behind were to be turned over to the sharecroppers from the South or turned into futuristic Bauhaus enclaves for the new government elites. Using political tactics like eminent domain and "integration," the planners made sure that the ethnic neighborhood got transformed into something more congenial to their dreams of social engineering than the actual communities of people they saw as a threat to their control.

The Slaughter of Cities proposes a new take on familiar territory, e.g., to give just one example, the civil rights movement. Does anyone, for example, really know why Martin Luther King abandoned his southern strategy and came to Chicago during the summer of 1966? Does anyone really know who brought him there? Does anyone know who told him which ethnic neighborhoods he would march through? Hint: it was a religious denomination usually associated with Philadelphia that had been at work trying to "integrate" Chicago's neighborhoods since 1951.

Jones concentrates on four cities - Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit, and Chicago - in a book whose conclusions will be shocking and controversial. The destruction of the ethnic neighborhoods that made up the human, residential heart of these cities was not an unfortunate by-product of a well-intentioned plan that somehow went awry; it was part of the plan itself.


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Editorial Reviews

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*Starred Review* The high-rise "projects" may have been a dismal failure, it is said, but urban renewal was done with good intentions. Not so, Jones argues in this immense volume that spans from the World War I era to the 1993 death of Philadelphian Dennis Clark, whose urban renewal career led him from Catholicism through Quakerism to agnostic Irish nationalism and whom Jones makes a touchstone of urban renewal's moral quality. The redlining, condemning, bulldozing, race riots, white flight, and aggrandizement of federal authority at the expense of cities and states that accompanied urban renewal were, Jones says, the consequences of WASP elites fighting to keep hold of the reins of power. Those elites saw the potentially powerful Catholic ethnic neighborhoods, with the church's influence animating them, as their primary political enemies. Armed with social engineering techniques, abetted by the subversive skills of Quaker do-gooders and military intelligence, and further empowered by fellow WASP jurists, they devastated Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, and Boston generally and the welfare of blacks in particular. But they maintained power, having gutted the Catholic ethnics, who fell into the trap of overt racism, and driven them into socially atomizing suburbia. Incorporating all the details into his sweeping narrative (the notes just refer to his sources), Jones makes gripping drama out of urban development. Unfortunately, the epic it recounts is tragic. Ray Olson
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 668 pages
  • Publisher: St. Augustine's Press (2004)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1587317753
  • ISBN-13: 978-1587317750
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.8 x 2.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.4 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (13 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #996,258 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

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Average Customer Review
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39 of 41 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars A Different Perspective, January 2, 2006
By 
hrh (Oakland, CA) - See all my reviews
This review is from: The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal as Ethnic Cleansing (Hardcover)
I just finished reading "The Slaughter of Cities", and I found it a useful complement to such books as "Suburban Nation" and "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" - each give some treatment of how a rather small number of people with a somewhat sincere vision gutted the moderate-sized to large cities of the US, but whereas in the latter two books Plater-Zyberk and Jacobs, respectively, argue that planners had a wrong-headed planning vision that did not create livable environments, Jones shows that, in the case of ethnic enclaves, there is reason to believe that, in practice, the driving forces behind these communities' demise were

1. Unfavorable tax and zoning treatments of the row-house, the staple of these communities,

2. An almost blind faith in an integrationist ideology that lead the Ford Foundation and the American Friends Service Committee, inter alia, to "integrate" neighborhoods by any means necessary (and "integration" typically meant white flight), and

3. the ethnic prejudices of the "WASP" establishment, which lead the ethnically homogenous municipal and federal housing agencies to be predisposed to break up enclaves filled with people from poor Catholic neighborhoods.

One can be found in most treatments of twentieth century urban renewal, two I've seen discussed only partly, but three I have never heard discussed - and Jones presents a variety of evidence from primary sources to show that this was, at very least, a contributing factor to the demise of ethnic enclaves in Boston, Philidelphia, Chicago and Detroit.

But, in order for those points to stand out, you almost need to be taking notes. Jones' book is written basically as a series of journal entries that treat a variety of topics without a real unifying theme, except for an often tangental "WASP establishment" plug - but that doesn't really lead to a universal "ethnically motivated prejudice" theme because the "WASPs" made up the overwhelming majority of the professional class from the 1940s to 60s, so of course the people whose actions destroyed the ethnic enclaves were overwhelmingly "WASPs."

Overall, I this book introduces the reader to a range of underutilized primary sources and brings together books from sociology literature in ways that I had never seen before. It isn't your standard planning text.
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62 of 72 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Now I Know Why Detroit is a Wasteland, February 8, 2004
By A Customer
This review is from: The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal as Ethnic Cleansing (Hardcover)
The destruction of Detroit, Philadelphia, the south side of Chicago, and all the major cities of the Northeast was all planned. In the early part of the 20th century the WASP plutocrats saw that the Catholic urban ethnics would soon take over the major cities because they were having large families, so they used urban planning funded with government and foundation money to drive the Catholics out of the cities after World War II. E. Michael Jones has put the whole sorry tale together in his new book, and the words of the elite urban planners, themselves, are used to convict them. If you thought that the rapid suburbanization of this country after World War II was a natural occurrence, then read this book. You will also learn how the "car culture" and the interstate highway system fits into the scheme. My Great-Grandfather rode the streetcar to work in Detroit. He spent pennies a day on transportation. Now we are all spread out and dependent on cars costing thousands a year to get us to work on long commutes via the clogged freeways.
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5 of 5 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Ever Wonder What Happened To MBS and South Boston?, September 9, 2010
By 
This review is from: The Slaughter of Cities: Urban Renewal as Ethnic Cleansing (Hardcover)
If you did, this is the book for you. I returned to this book after reading Michael Patrick MacDonalds' memoirs, All Souls: A Family Story from Southie and Easter Rising: A Memoir of Roots and Rebellion , two very good works on their own terms (they are memoirs not autobiography so they lack the vigor associated with the more formal form), but not without serious shortcomings. MacDonald in his writings seems to lack a context in which to understand the forces that shaped his childhood, that killed his brothers and crippled his sister.

This book supplies the context.

In short, the Brahmans of Boston, who made their money making drug addicts out of the Chinese via the opium trade, used the same tactics/techniques (coupled with divide and conquer strategy via busing) on the poor Irish of South Boston whom they have long despised. The reasons are the same...the unconstrained desire for money enabled by a disdain for the exploited peoples. The story is the same in Philadephia, Detroit and Chicago, urban renewal as ethnic cleansing, in short culture war against ethnic Catholics (who were getting too powerful for the ruling class), that those that lived beside the ethnic Catholics (Protestants of all denominations, Jews) would also have to suffer was of course of no consequence. Slaughter of the Cities should be read by not only every writer trying to make sense of the demise of working class neighborhood in America, but by every working person in Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit and Chicago. It's your history be you Catholic or not.

Slaughter is important for another reason, most writings on the ethnic Catholic, even commentaries in the local newspaper, are written by approved agents of the ruling class. For example, Maureen Dowd is the house croppie at the New York Times, a example of what an "Acceptable Irish Catholic" look likes (that is no longer ethnic and no longer Catholic). Jones is unapologetically Catholic, he is not the "Good Catholic" like Dowd and others of her ilk. I can only hope that Jones returns to this topic or MacDonald or other serious researchers picks up on Jones material because there is much more to be told, not propaganda, not PC history, The Truth must be told. Too many people have suffered to do otherwise.
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