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Sperm Wars: The Science of Sex [Paperback]

Robin Baker (Author)
3.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (34 customer reviews)


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Book Description

0788160044 978-0788160042 June 1, 1996
This revolutionary book demonstrates that sexual behavior is driven by neither the psyche nor the conscious mind, but by biological imperatives programmed into us millions of years ago. Argues that a man's sexual behavior is based on the expectation that his sperm will have to compete with other men's sperm to fertilize the descending egg, & women are programmed to promote this sperm warfare. Uses a series of fictional scenes involving some form of sexual contact, followed by an interpretation of each scene from the viewpoint of an evolutionary biologist. Provides a strikingly original & fascinating window into sexual behavior.


Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

If you've ever looked upon sperm as a little army of white-coated soldiers setting off to sack and pillage a barely pregnable fortress . . . well, you'd be right, according to this fascinating new book. Dr. Robin Baker, who has studied sperm and cervical mucus in much greater detail than anyone would've thought necessary, has come to some startling conclusions: that less than 1 percent of sperm is actually designed to fertilize an egg (the rest are there to block other men's sperm), and that 4 to 10 percent of all children born to married couples are in fact the offspring of other men, usually of higher socioeconomic status, with whom the mother had a short-term relationship. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From Publishers Weekly

The major force in the shaping of human sexuality, claims British biologist Baker in this highly unorthodox study, is "sperm warfare," the competition among sperm from two or more men competing inside a woman to fertilize the egg. In this theory, biological imperatives shaped by evolution dictate sexual behavior. Male sexual behavior is driven by each man's need to prevent his female sexual partner from exposing his sperm to competition; or, failing that, to give his sperm the best chance of winning. A woman's sexual behavior, meanwhile, reflects her urge to maneuver her partner or to influence which male's sperm will have the best chance of succeeding. Baker views infidelity, group sex, partner-swapping, even rape and prostitution as risky strategies that nevertheless may enhance an individual's reproductive success compared with long-term monogamy. Men, he says, pursue four reproductive strategies: bisexuality, pursuit or avoidance of sperm warfare and a balancing of this pursuit/avoidance. Just which strategy a male is programmed to adopt will depend largely on his rate of sperm production. Baker's treatise unfolds as a series of graphic, fictional sex scenes, each followed by interpretive commentary. Its reliance on evolutionary biology to explain human behavior is reductionist, much in the manner of the writings of "selfish gene" proponent Richard Dawkins, but it is also challenging, intellectually provocative and likely to raise considerable and deserved debate.
Copyright 1996 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 319 pages
  • Publisher: Diane Books Publishing Company (June 1, 1996)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0788160044
  • ISBN-13: 978-0788160042
  • Product Dimensions: 8.1 x 5.3 x 0.8 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 13.6 ounces
  • Average Customer Review: 3.5 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (34 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #581,495 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

For video interviews and a wider-ranging biography, to read both praise for and criticism of his books, and to see the controversies they have triggered, visit www.robin-baker.com.

Dr Robin Baker was born in Wiltshire, England in 1944, and grew up in the small village of Manningford Bruce in the Vale of Pewsey. The tiny 2-room school he attended had fewer than 30 pupils, with all the under 7s taught in one room and all the 7-11 year olds in the other. Between the ages of 11 and 18 he attended the nearby Marlborough Grammar School where coincidentally, 30 years earlier, the author William Golding had also been educated; all later pupils were expected to be very familiar with Golding's classic book LORD OF THE FLIES.

After obtaining a First Class Honours degree in Zoology, then a PhD, at the University of Bristol, Robin Baker lectured in Zoology at the Universities of first Newcastle-upon-Tyne and then Manchester where, in 1981, he became Reader in Zoology in the School of Biological Sciences. In 1996 he left academic life to concentrate on his career in writing and broadcasting.

He has published over one hundred scientific papers and many books. These include the international bestseller SPERM WARS which was based on his own lab's original research on human sexuality and which has so far been translated into 23 languages. His work and ideas on the evolution of human behaviour have been featured in many television programmes around the world.

His first novel PRIMAL - described by many as an adult LORD OF THE FLIES - was published in the UK and USA in 2009. In 2010-11 it will also be published in translation in Holland, Israel, France, Brazil and the Czech Republic.

Since 2002 he has lived in the foothills of the Spanish Sierras with his partner, the writer Elizabeth Oram, and their family. He has six children.

 

Customer Reviews

34 Reviews
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4 star:
 (8)
3 star:
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2 star:
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1 star:
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Average Customer Review
3.5 out of 5 stars (34 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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83 of 85 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars It's a jungle in there, September 11, 2000
A somewhat amazing book on how women can collection sperm from different partners and how the collections of sperm will duke it out within her body in the chase to fertilize the egg, among many other amazing things, including the fact that some sperm serve not to swim after the egg, but to block another man's sperm from the chase. Written from an evolutionary point of view, Robin Baker's text is very readable and certain to make many people uncomfortable. It has had a remarkable effect on me. I suddenly realized how insignificant our consciousness is even in something like reproduction. So much goes on beneath our consciousness, and many things within our consciousness are done for reasons we don't understand or are mistaken about. For example, according to Robin Baker, masturbation serves a reproductive purpose! I won't try to explain here, but he convinced me. Also group sex may actually help a husband to get his wife to bear his child! Read it. I kid you not.

Women come off pretty much as unconscious instruments of the process, men to a slightly lesser degree. All this is as I have always thought, but I had no idea about the details, and I mistakenly thought people, as conscious beings, had a greater effect on reproduction than we actually do. Incidentally at least ten percent of our children are not fathered by the husband, and close to twenty percent of conceptions are from sperm other than that of the husband (revelations not unique to this book). "Nowhere is there a woman true and fair," spake the poet. The duplicity of sex is required according to Baker because the woman needs to simultaneously mate with the champion (which is what she is always trying to do) while at the same time keep a man around to help take care of the offspring. Implicit in the book is the idea that people naturally cheat on their spouses as a strategy, a strategy that has consequences, both positive and negative. Sexually speaking, as in everything else, we are instruments of the process more than we think.

This is an excellent, if somewhat creepy, book with the tales of sex and infidelity and scheming by both sexes ringing entirely true. But strange to say I feel like a Victorian, wanting to have a nice cup of tea and talk about something else.

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28 of 29 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Will Turn You Into A Reproductive Specialist, April 24, 2005
By 
K. Hurt (Southern California, USA) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
This review is from: Sperm Wars: The Science of Sex (Paperback)
While on the autobiographical website of my favorite role model, Tucker Max (TuckerMax.com), this book was recommended. In his own words Tucker said "Quite simply, this book completely changed the entire way I looked at life, at women, and at relationships. I am the person I am today because of this book and the world it opened me up too. The application and digestion of the knowledge is this book revolutionized my life."

Those are some powerful statements, so I decided to go ahead and order this book off of Amazon. When I received it, I read all 319 pages within a span of 5 days. Needless to say, I was pretty much amazed by how enlightening this book is.

Robin Baker describes 37 sexually-oriented scenarios in the 37 sections and within each section, after a description of the scenario, describes the science behind what is going on in the scenario. Each scenario is different and covers subjects such as monogamy, polygamy, fidelity, infidelity, women's menstrual cycles, both male and female masturbation, the role of orgasms (all types), the effect of different sexual positions, group sex, homosexuality, bisexuality, rape, rough-and-tumble sex, prostitution, and of course pregnancy.

Each different topic is explained in a way that is suitable for the average person (not too sciency, but still sciency enough) and even the scenarios are written extremely well. While reading this book, I suggest reading with an open mind, it will become apparent to the reader how our bodies are often manipulating our minds as means to an end. More often than not, that end is successful reproduction. In a nutshell, this book gives an explanation for every seemingly random action that has to do with reproduction. After reading just a few sections of this book it should become apparent to you that there exists pretty much no completely random action dealing with sex. Everything is done for a reason.

As for myself, I am a male (age 18) and found this book extremely enlightening, especially considering my circumstance and the circumstances of most of my peers. As young and fertile males (not that it's very different for females), we are often looking for mates, our mind is frequently thinking about mating, and this book can help in just about every field of sexual reproduction. To be quite frank, this book has completely fine-tuned the way that I think about sex and reproduction... and I mean in a good way. With all the reading that students have to do during their early lifetime (ie middle school, high school, and college) it almost seems a fluke that our conservative society (I live in California, but I am referring to the U.S. in general) has never made a book like this a mandatory read. Sure we are nearly forced to take sex-ed during our childhood, but that class is useless and only barely scratches the surface... whereas this book delves deep into just about every topic dealing with sex.

I will give a word of warning though; those people who are strongly religioius, don't believe in evolution, close-minded, believe in true love, OR think that the field of sex and reproduction are incredibly simple and one-dimensional will either find this book extremely enlightening, very hedonistic, or unbelievable. While I will state that in my opinion some of the later readings in the book, especially the ones dealing with prostitution, homosexuality and bisexuality, and rape might ignore the effects of one's environment during childhood way too much(Especially PTSD) as the author is a evolutionary scientist (there's that whole conflict over nature vs. nurture and the author is definitely on the nature side of the argument), I will admit that the large majority of the book's explanations are very believable and extremely well-supported.

While the printing quality of my book wasn't that great, I feel that some of the people have exaggerated the state of their books (either that or every book is a bit different in printing quality). Hardly ever did I have problems reading the print (although I have 20/20 vision), the slightly off angle of the printing didn't effect me, and the binding on the book stayed on without a problem throughout my whole read (and I like to manhandle my books).

My bottom line: This book is a great read, I know it has already changed the way I look at reproduction (and I mean that in an incredibly good way); I believe that every man (at least the alpha-males) should read this book, and perhaps every woman, and I can pretty much guarantee that by reading this book you will undoubtedly have a better chance at reproductive success.

P.S. I strongly suggest using a highlighter to highlight some of the major points of the book while reading through. You'll find it helpful when you want to go back and read over a certain part again.
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107 of 134 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Mostly a rebuttal to the negative reviews, July 9, 2001
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There's a lot of silly stuff in some of the negative reviews below (quotations are paraphrased):

1) "Baker's soft porn examples only deal with seedy, sleazy minority behavior. What about the vast majority who are monogamous?" This is multidimensionally silly. Firstly, statistics show that there is no such vast majority; to the extent that there is, it's a vast majority of people who are socialized into paying lip service to one set of ideals while furtively doing something else as their subconscious constructs rationalizations and excuses for why their bodies didn't follow the socialization to do X and went and did Y instead. Secondly, even if a set of circumstances is somewhat atypical, it can still exert decisive evolutionary pressure on a population, given millions of years to operate. If only 1% of people die in car wrecks, over time this will select against people who are bad drivers for genetic reasons (slow reactions, bad eyesight, weak attention span, etc.), though it may take many generations. Thirdly, if a minority trait or a tendency to a particular reproductive choice exists in a population to any significant degree (e.g., bisexuality, or women conceiving ~10% of children through cuckoldry), there *must* be an evolutionary reason for that trait or tendency to have not been eradicated by natural selection pressure. Baker's "soft porn" examples merely work through some of the concrete reasons and situations for why these traits and tendencies might be preserved. Agree or disagree with them if you will, or suggest your own reasons, but merely dismissing them as minority cases is a cop-out.

2) Several reviewers complained about "no hard data or bibliography." As another reviewer stated, the book written for academics by the same authors (Human Sperm Competition) has tons of hard data and a reference/bibliography section that goes on for twenty pages. "Sperm Wars" is written for the general public, so they (wisely) kept all the academic clutter out of this popularization.

3) "It's partly speculation and/or partly-unproven theories." Yes, the authors included some of their more daring ideas in the book (and it's usually obvious where they do, sometimes because they say so); the authors speculate on the reason bisexuality exists, for example, and every educated reader should know without explicit disclaimers by the authors that there is no unanimity within science as to why it exists. Ditto on the authors' ideas about why semen contains many different sperm types. However, I don't agree with those who think that the layman should be excluded from reading about science that remains unfinished or getting the opinions of the various protagonists. The most interesting parts of science are often those where there is vigorous debate; covering the public's ears while the scientists thrash it out is like sequestering the jury just when the lawyers are getting to the juicy stuff. And in this case, the issues being discussed affect everyone's personal life and aren't merely academic debates about missing dark matter in the cosmos or why dinosaurs became extinct.

4) Finally, something that's just incorrect rather than silly. One reviewer remarked that the math didn't work out right on the authors' theory about bisexuality (namely that bisexuality is not eradicated by natural selection because while bisexuals have fewer children, they have them earlier in life). However, the math does work out. Suppose one has two populations N and N*, and that the individuals of each population have on average M and M* children, respectively. After n generations, population N will grow to be N(n) = N(0)xM^n, where N(0) is the size of the initial population and N(n) is the size after n generations, with M^n denoting "M raised to the power n." Similarly, N*(k) = N*(0) x M*^k for the N* population after k generations (having k not equal to n is crucial; I suspect this was the other reviewer's mistake). Dividing the two equations, one gets N*(k)/N(n) = {N*(0)/N(0)} x {M*^k/M^n} (call this equation I). If the ratio of the two populations remains stationary over time (e.g., bisexuals vs. heterosexuals), then N*(k)/N(n) = N*(0)/N(0) (call this equation II), PROVIDED that generation k of the N* population is alive at the same time that generation n of the N population is alive. If it takes the N population T years to reproduce and the N* population T* years to reproduce, then if t is the total elapsed number of years, n = t/T and k = t/T* (call these equations III & IV). If we apply equations II, III, and IV to equation I, we get that (M*)^(t/T*) = (M)^(t/T). Taking the logarithm of both sides and using the fact that log(a^b) = b x log(a), we get (t/T*) x log(M*) = (t/T) x log(M), and cancelling the t from both sides and rearranging yields the result T*/T = log(M*)/log(M). That's the condition that must be satisfied if the ratio of the two populations is to stay the same over time. So if heterosexuals on average have 4 children and bisexuals on average have 3 children, then log(3)/log(4) = 0.79, so bisexuals must reproduce the next generation on average in a time T* equal to 79% of T if their percentage of the population is to stay the same over time.

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