Sociologist Gerhard Falk examines the social psychology that motivates this process of exclusion, focusing on the outcasts in contemporary American society and comparing current experience with examples from the past. Referring to the work of Emile Durkheim and Erving Goffman, Falk reviews the whole range of stigmatised people from the mentally ill to ordinary people with unpopular occupations, like undertakers and trash collectors. Amid the wide diversity of stigmatised persons, he finds two basic types of outsiders: the 'existential' and the 'achieved'. The first group comprises those who are stigmatised because of their very existence, regardless of their specific actions: the mentally handicapped, for example. The second group describes those whose actions or life conditions have resulted in stigma: from high achievers (often subject to resentment) to criminals. Falk also looks at the ways in which writers past and present have dramatised stigmatised characters in literature. This fascinating overview of a long-standing and widespread social problem will be of interest to all those concerned about creating a more fair-minded society.
Gerhard Falk is the author of nineteen books and over forty journal articles. He is professor of sociology at Buffalo State College where he teaches criminology, sociology of religion, juvenile delinquency and the treatment of offenders.
Dr. Falk has received the State University of New York Research Foundation Award for excellence in scholarship, the State College president's award for excellence in creativity and the State University Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching.
