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The Suicidal Mind [Paperback]

Edwin S. Shneidman (Author)
4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (21 customer reviews)

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Book Description

0195118014 978-0195118018 April 23, 1998
Suicide haunts our literature and our culture, claiming the lives of ordinary people and celebrities alike. It is now the third leading cause of death for fifteen- to twenty-four-year-olds in the United States, raising alarms across the nation about the rising tide of hopelessness seen in our young people. It is a taboo subtext to our successes and our happiness, a dark issue that is often euphemized, avoided, and little understood. In our century, psychology and psychiatry alike have attempted to understand, prevent, and medicalize these phenomena. But they have failed, argues Dr. Edwin Shneidman, because they have lost sight of the plain language, the ordinary everyday words, the pain and frustrated psychological needs of the suicidal individual.
In The Suicidal Mind, Dr. Shneidman has written a groundbreaking work for every person who has ever thought about suicide or knows anybody who has contemplated it. The book brims with insight into the suicidal impulse and with helpful suggestions on how to counteract it. Shneidman presents a bold and simple premise: the main cause of suicide is psychological pain or "psychache." Thus the key to preventing suicide is not so much the study of the structure of the brain, or the study of social statistics, or the study of mental diseases, as it is the direct study of human emotions. To treat a suicidal individual, we need to identify, address, and reduce the individual's psychache. Shneidman shares with the reader his knowledge, both as a clinician and researcher, of the psychological drama that plays itself out in the suicidal mind through the exploration of three moving case studies. We meet Ariel, who set herself on fire; Beatrice, who cut herself with the intent to die; and Castro, a young man who meant to shoot his brains out but survived, horribly disfigured. These cases are presented in the person's own words to reveal the details of the suicidal drama, to show that the purpose of suicide is to seek a solution, to illustrate the pain at the core of suicide, and to isolate the common stressor in suicide: frustrated psychological needs. Throughout, Shneidman offers practical, explicit maneuvers to assist in treating a suicidal individual--steps that can be taken by concerned friends or family and professionals alike.
Suicide is an exclusively human response to extreme psychological pain, a lonely and desperate solution for the sufferer who can no longer see any alternatives. In this landmark and elegantly written book, Shneidman provides the language, not only for understanding the suicidal mind, but for understanding ourselves. Anyone who has ever considered suicide, or knows someone who has, will find here a wealth of insights to help understand and to prevent suicide.

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Editorial Reviews

From Kirkus Reviews

Three case studies from the files of a UCLA thanatologist demonstrate in chilling detail that killing oneself is no easy matter. Shneidman, who limits his comments to cultures with a Judeo- Christian tradition, proposes the not especially novel idea that psychological pain, or ``psychache,'' is the primary cause of suicide. Using a form adapted from Henry A. Murray's Explorations in Personality to rate the psychological needs of individuals, he concludes that most suicides fall into five need clusters. (There is at this point a gratuitous insertion of so-called experts' assessments of the needs of Hitler, Martha Graham, Marilyn Monroe, Captain Ahab, and others.) His case studies demonstrate three of these clusters: the need to be loved, the need to strike first, and the need to belong. The first case study consists mostly of transcribed audiotapes from Ariel (pseudonyms are used throughtout), who chose self-immolation but survived with horrible burns over most of her body. Beatrice, the second case, wrote out her life story while she was Shneidman's patient; her choice was knives and starvation, and it is unclear whether her attempts at suicide have ceased. Castro, the third case, was unable to speak to Shneidman, having blown away most of his face while trying to blow his brains out, but he wrote out for him a long account of the episode, as well as many notes and letters. Shneidman sums up with a list of ten psychological commonalities of suicide--the common emotion is hopelessness/helplessness, the common action is escape, etc.--and a list of 24 psychotherapeutic maneuvers that he deems appropriate in treating potential suicides. Though providing few fresh insights, this succeeds on another level: By revealing the possible ghastly consequences of failed attempts, perhaps it may help deter some from trying to take their own lives. (4 photos, 1 linecut, not seen) -- Copyright ©1996, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Review


"Anyone seeking a basic introduction about the motivation of people driven to destroy themselves can confidently turn to Edwin Schneidman's simple, short, and sympathetic book."--New Scientist



Product Details

  • Paperback: 187 pages
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA (April 23, 1998)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0195118014
  • ISBN-13: 978-0195118018
  • Product Dimensions: 8 x 5.3 x 0.4 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 5.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (21 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #118,839 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

21 Reviews
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 (3)
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Average Customer Review
4.3 out of 5 stars (21 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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66 of 71 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars The Suicidal Mind, February 6, 2000
This review is from: The Suicidal Mind (Paperback)
With over forty years of experience to support him, Dr. Shneidman concludes that "our best route to understanding suicide is not through the study of the structure of the brain, nor the study of social statistics, nor the study of mental diseases, but directly through the study of human emotions". It is his belief that those persons who commit suicide do so to either avoid or to terminate unbearable psychological pain due to the persistent frustration of vital psychological needs. The psychological needs that he refers to were first described by Henry A Murray in Explorations in Personality (1938). According to Dr. Shneidman, most suicides are partially attributable to one of five clusters of frustrated psychological needs: 1) thwarted love, acceptance, and belonging; 2) fractured control, predictability, and arrangement; 3) assaulted self-image and the avoidance of shame; 4) ruptured key relationships and attendant grief; and 5) excessive anger, rage and hostility. The suicide is not so much a factor of the particular need but rather the intensity of the frustration of whatever need is basic to the functioning of that person. It is the goal of the psychotherapist, or therapist in general, to recognize the psychological needs of the suicidal patient and to help the patient see alternatives to suicide that will alleviate their psychological pain. Dr. Shneidman offers no data to support his conclusion, only forty years of experience studying suicide as a clinician and researcher at UCLA. In The Suicidal Mind, he uses three case studies to illustrate the application and utility of his basic hypothesis. Indeed, his hypothesis is basic; that is, it seems obvious that suicidal persons are experiencing severe psychological pain. The usefulness of this book, therefore, is not so much in understanding and accepting this hypothesis, but rather in appreciating the patterns of thinking common to most suicidal patients and in the humanistic approach he takes with treating such distraught individuals. Most useful, perhaps, is the way in which he demonstrates how the perceptual state of suicidal patients becomes constricted and it is the challenge and the task of the clinician to widen the perceptual blinders. The suicidal mind effectively has become dichotomous, desperate, and unable to entertain more than two choices - life as I want it or death. Interestingly, it seems apparent to Dr. Shneidman that suicidal individuals seem to be ambivalent about death and would choose not to commit suicide "if they didn't have to". His approach is skewed predominantly towards the art of medicine as opposed to the science; his book is valuable in that by elucidating key features of the suicidal mindset, he shows clinicians how to empathize with and understand suicidal patients. What this book lacks is scientific data to support his viewpoints. Indeed, he went so far as to create a "Psychological Pain Survey", but he fails to describe any scientific endeavors to determine the significance of psychological pain to subsequent suicide risk. There are a number of ways in which he could have demonstrated in a scientific manner the particular psychological needs, the intensity and duration of need frustration, and the subjective intensity of psychological pain as they correlate with suicide risk (ie., subsequent suicide). Many studies have already demonstrated the correlation of such parameters as social isolation, unemployment, serious physical illness, and psychiatric comorbidity with suicide in specific populations; ie - alcoholics (Murphy, Suicide in Alcholism, 1992). Such scientific data is necessary to confirm the utility of Dr. Shneidman's insight for achieving the ultimate goals of studying the suicidal mind; to identify those at risk for suicide and subsequently to prevent it. Nonetheless, the ideas put forth by Dr. Shneidman reinforce the fact that medicine is both a science and an art. Antidepressant medications have proven to be a major therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of suicidal patients, but long term benefit (ie, happiness) will likely be difficult to achieve without addressing the psychological processes that drove them to this desperate point in the first place.
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29 of 30 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars Brought me back from the brink, April 24, 1999
By A Customer
This review is from: The Suicidal Mind (Paperback)
I hadn't read any books on suicide before, so this one was extremely helpful in making me realise that there are many "commonalities" between suicidal people, so I'm not the only one who's insane. He gets a bit tough in the conclusion, saying that we have to face the grim harsh reality of life, but that sort of makes me feel a bit better - just the fact that he spells it out. In other places he mentions that everyone feels down and has contemplated suicide at one time in their life - I s'pose I feel like disputing the severity of many other people's "down" feelings, because otherwise they would have been regular visitors to Emergency wards. However, this is countered with his comments about how suicidal people often have grandiose thoughts about how they're the only ones who feel such deep pain. So am I grandiose and isolated and living in a fantasy world of my own? Or just affected by a biological mood disorder? Well, it gives me something to think about, and has given me quite a bit of hope. I don't know whether this effect will be temporary or not, but at least I've gained a greater understanding of why I get to the suicidal stage and how there are many other people out there who feel the same (even though I doubt that this is the majority).
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15 of 15 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars interesting read, January 25, 1999
By A Customer
This review is from: The Suicidal Mind (Hardcover)
Speaking from personal experience, I can truly say that this book was incredible. It was an easy read and extremely interesting to read. I couldn't put it down until I was finished with it. It appeals to your emotions and questions your beliefs. I felt that I could really relate to this book. It also seemed as if the author know what was going on inside my head. My interest in the suicidal mind has expanded and grown deeper since I first read this book. I would recommend it to anyone who is intersted in the psychology of the suicidal mind and anyone who knows someone who is suicidal or is suicidal themselves. It was simply, a book that I could totally relate to.
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Inside This Book (learn more)
First Sentence:
Suicide haunts our literature and our culture. Read the first page
Key Phrases - Statistically Improbable Phrases (SIPs): (learn more)
suicidal mind, suicidal person, suicidal people, psychological pain
Key Phrases - Capitalized Phrases (CAPs): (learn more)
Ariel Wilson, Beatrice Bessen, Castro Reyes, Terman Study, Professor Terman, World War, Jim Cook, New York, United States, Psychological Pain Survey
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