The essays in this study reassess evidence about the plausability of the widely accepted guns and germs theories which put forward firepower advantages and disease importation as the two main causes of European expansion overseas. All argue that these theories are important but oversimplified. The effectiveness of firepower and disease impacts on specific groups of New World indigines were always conditioned by time, place and cultural characteristics. Long range communication control was sometimes more important. Above all, motives driving invasions and conquests were often more influential than means and methodologies.
