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The Abacus and the Cross: The Story of the Pope Who Brought the Light of Science to the Dark Ages [Hardcover]

Nancy Marie Brown
4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (16 customer reviews)

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Book Description

December 7, 2010
The medieval Catholic Church, widely considered a source of intolerance and inquisitorial fervor, was not anti-science during the Dark Ages—in fact, the pope in the year 1000 was the leading mathematician and astronomer of his day. Called “The Scientist Pope,” Gerbert of Aurillac rose from peasant beginnings to lead the church. By turns a teacher, traitor, kingmaker, and visionary, Gerbert is the first Christian known to teach math using the nine Arabic numerals and zero.

In The Abacus and the Cross, Nancy Marie Brown skillfully explores the new learning Gerbert brought to Europe. A fascinating narrative of one remarkable math teacher, The Abacus and the Cross will captivate readers of history, science, and religion alike.


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Editorial Reviews

From Booklist

The pontiff in question is Sylvester II, pope from 999 to 1003. From the fragmentary evidence about Gerbert of Aurillac, Sylvester’s name before his elevation, Brown resourcefully recounts his remarkable career and boldly asserts that the history of mathematics must be revised in light of Gerbert’s life. Born to a humble station around 950, Gerbert’s precocity impressed bishops and counts, and his friendship-forming personality, visible in surviving letters, showed up in places from Barcelona to Reims to Rome. Brown speculates that he also may have studied in Cordoba, then a center of Islamic erudition, where he may have learned about Arabic numerals, the abacus, and the astrolabe. In any event, she recounts that Gerbert served as a conduit of Arab science into Christian Europe as schoolmaster at Reims. His medieval scholarly renown subsequently attracted the attention of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. As readably knowledgeable about Gerbert’s political fortunes as about his intellectual influence, Brown is a lively narrator and interesting interpreter of Gerbert’s life and world. This portrait gives both the science and the history audiences something to talk about. --Gilbert Taylor

Review

"Overflowing with illuminating material, The Abacus and the Cross is the biography of a vital moment we know precious little about." --Maria Rosa Menocal, author of The Ornament of the World

Keith Devlin, Stanford University professor and author of Fibonacci’s Bridge of Numbers: the Medieval Visionary and the Book that Launched the Modern World
“Nancy Marie Brown’s book provides a fascinating, well researched, in depth study of the life and times of one of the key figures who brought modern arithmetic into Western Europe.”

Marilyn Yalom, author of Birth of the Chess Queen
“This book will change how you think about the so-called Dark Ages.  Well-researched, well-written, and vividly illuminating.”
 
Pat Shipman, Professor of Anthropology at the Pennsylvania State University and author of Femme Fatale: Love, Lies, and the Unknown Life of Mata Hari
“Nancy Marie Brown again uses her extraordinary ability to bring medieval time to life in The Abacus and the Cross, in the person of the ‘Scientist Pope’ Gerbert of Aurillac (later Pope Sylvester II). Working from sparse records, Brown manages to tell us of the remarkable scholar, brilliant mathematician, and inveterate punster who loved both his holy orders and luxurious living. She shows us a time in which the route to God lay through the study of science and math and when intellectual developments flowed across the boundaries of religion and empire in Eurasia. This is a remarkable book that reflects on our modern times on every page.”
 
Jeff Sypeck, author of Becoming Charlemagne
“A pleasure to read, The Abacus and the Cross draws readers into a world of intrigue, superstition, and scholarship. Nancy Marie Brown writes lucidly about math and science, finding important stories in the lives of medieval people who deserve to be widely remembered.”

Kirkus
“A thoroughly engrossing account of the Dark Ages and one of its Popes, both far less dark than popular histories teach. . . .The years around 1000 CE seem to be every medieval historian’s favorite era, but Brown’s welcome addition to the genre provides a lively, eye-opening portrait of a sophisticated Europe whose intellectual leaders showed genuine interest in learning.”

Science Writers Magazine
“As she reconstructs the strangely illuminated Europe of the Dark Ages, Brown reminds readers that the major conflicts in our world today—between Christianity and Islam, between religion and science—are products of our own age, not historical inevitabilities.”
 
Booklist
“As readably knowledgeable about Gerbert’s political fortunes as about his intellectual influence, Brown is a lively narrator and interesting interpreter of Gerbert’s life and world.  This portrait gives both the science and the history audiences something to talk about.”
 
Library Journal
“A rags-to-riches saga… captures how the direction of history can be influenced by one person. . . . Had Gerbert lived longer and been more politically savvy, Brown’s portrait makes one believe his ability to teach might have jump-started science before the Dark Ages enveloped Europe. VERDICT: Enjoyable to read, informative, and highly recommended for all history and history of science buffs.”
 
Maria Rosa Menocal, author of The Ornament of the World and co-author of The Arts of Intimacy
“Overflowing with illuminating material, The Abacus and the Cross is the biography of a vital moment we know precious little about: the second half of the tenth century, when Gerbert of Aurillac, the man who would be pope at the much-anticipated millennium, came of age. Among Brown’s many virtues is her ability to weave the intellectual and the material into a seamless narrative, so that when her readers learn about what books the monks of a monastery might be copying—and how those volumes connect to the intellectual past and future—they are also going to learn the mechanics of the copying itself, beginning with the cultivation of the animals whose skins will become parchment. She has the scientist’s eye for detail and the historian’s gift of storytelling and she has not one but dozens of great stories to tell about this transformative moment in Latin Christendom, as it began to embrace the foundations of modern science and technology.”
 
Richard Rubenstein, author of Aristotle’s Children: How Christians, Muslims, and Jews Rediscovered Ancient Wisdom and Illuminated the Middle Ages
The Abacus and the Cross tells the fascinating, little known story of the ‘Scientist-Pope’ Sylvester II (Gerbert of Aurillac), whom older writers long considered a practitioner of the Black Arts. In this vividly presented, scrupulously researched biography, Nancy Marie Brown shows how a few open-minded intellectuals illuminated the Dark Ages by importing scientific knowledge and methods into Christian Europe from Muslim Spain. Brown’s descriptions of Gerbert’s ‘magical’ instruments, the abacus, celestial spheres, and astrolabe, as well as of his worship of a mathematically-inspired Creator, make important contributions to the history of medieval science.”
 
The New York Journal of Books
“Ms. Brown’s easily readable history draws the reader into a world of political intrigue, the excitement of introducing the abacus and astrolabe to Europe, and the shaky ground that surrounding the broader culture of Europe around 1000. Her book is a useful reminder that clear and well-reasoned history is by no means simplistic. The story of d’Aurillac’s life and papacy shows a medieval milieu more complex than oft portrayed.”

 

America Magazine (National Catholic Weekly)
“Touring the late 10th century via Nancy Marie Brown’s masterful recounting of the life and times of Gerbert of Aurillac, the French monk who became Pope Sylvester II, requires an intellectual Baedeker of sorts, one that Brown aptly and affably provides. . . . The Abacus and the Cross provides at once an engaging encounter with a figure of interest and influence, and a way to see the issues Gerbert confronts as having modern parallels. A grand tour, indeed.”
 
 

 


Product Details

  • Hardcover: 328 pages
  • Publisher: Basic Books (December 7, 2010)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0465009506
  • ISBN-13: 978-0465009503
  • Product Dimensions: 1.1 x 6.3 x 9.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (16 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #732,813 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

I like extremes: Science and sagas. Science and faith. History and fantasy. The Dark Ages and modern times. Fire and ice. My books combine extremes. They ask, What have we overlooked? What have we forgotten? What knowledge must not be lost? For 21 years, I worked as a science writer at a university. Now I write from a farm in northern Vermont, where the days are quiet and cool. Four Icelandic horses graze outside my office window. Every few years I take an adventure--and write a book about it.

Customer Reviews

4.3 out of 5 stars
(16)
4.3 out of 5 stars
For these reasons I highly recommend the book. Jeffrey J. Lucas  |  3 reviewers made a similar statement
Once I started reading, it held my interest. PJ  |  1 reviewer made a similar statement
This book manages to do so much in such a well-written way. Larissa Taylor  |  1 reviewer made a similar statement
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
17 of 20 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Do unto the Middle Ages what you do unto Gerbert May 14, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Positives and Accomplishments
Actually I give the book 5 stars for Brown's treatment of Gerbert and his immediate environment, and for her scholarship in this regard. She paints an accurate, vivid, thorough, fair, and compelling picture of the man, his work and his direct circumstances (monastery, cathedral school, journeys, and royal court, papacy). In doing this she expressly eschews standard myths and ideological mischaracterizations of the Middle Ages or Gerbert himself basing it on current scholarship.
For these reasons I highly recommend the book.

Deficiencies
I give her four stars over all is because she deserves only three stars for her treatment of many major currents and movements in the broader Medieval world. Actually it's rather weird how she often has no problem pandering to standard myths and mischaracterizations and ignoring current scholarship when it comes the Crusades, Medieval Inquisition, history of Medieval science in general, and medieval religious life even though she explicitly seeks to avoid these for Gerbert himself!

A glaring example. She wonders wide-eyed at how the peaceful coexistence of Christian and Muslim scholars pursuing science shoulder to shoulder in 10th century Islamic Spain could degenerate into the "intolerance" of the Reconquista. Gee, does she wonder at how the peaceful media images of Iraqi children playing with American soldiers while parents smile benignly could degenerate into them wanting us out of their country?

Remedies
Crusades - The New Concise History of the Crusades (Critical Issues in History), Thomas F.
... Read more ›
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11 of 13 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Burying the Myths of our Past February 27, 2011
Format:Hardcover
For decades, students have been taught that the Middle Ages were a dark and backward time, the Dark Ages. But this is a myth brought on by later "scholars" who had an ax to grind against the Christian influence on western civilization. Thinking scholars have been now been asking, "Did all of the advances of Rome disappear at once? Did they all reappear overnight and people suddenly woke to the Renaissance? The answer to both is no. This book is the latest to wipe away these myths and the myths that science and intellect are at odds with religion. The fact is that Christianity's history has been intertwined with these things more than it has been at odds. The "science hates religion" or the two don't mix myths are also the products of those who don't like religion or don't test what they hear. The author does well in debunking the belief that the people of the Middle Ages believed the world was flat (another myth).

There is a wealth of detail here that will appeal to students of Christian history, history of math and science, Middle Ages life and history and so on. Sure, your eyes may glaze over with the detail of paper making or the intrigue of pope politics of the era, but it depends where your interests lie. The fact is the Middle Ages were no more dark then other eras. All have their turmoil. The Twentieth Century was far more dark. The author tries hard to show the lesson of tolerance in the early Middle Ages, but fails to realize that those dark forces were always there even in the stories she writes. Perhaps too many of the corrupt would come into power, but her comment on the Crusades being born out of intolerance is not entirely correct (see God's Battalions: The Case for the Crusades).
... Read more ›
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5 of 5 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Informative biography about a man ahead of his time March 20, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
I didn't know much about Gerbert of Aurillac before I started reading this book. But what I learned about him has led me to believe that he is one of the most intriguing people that lived during the Middle Ages. Born into a non-noble family, he attracted the attention of his social betters as a youth to eventually become the tutor of emperors and Pope (as Sylvester II).

Nancy Marie Brown has written an interesting biography for the layman that tries to give her reader a window on the personality, the political mileau, and religious thought behind the surviving documents about Gerbert's life. At times, she is highly successful as she explains, for example, the political upheaval and turmoil that led to the ascent of the Capetian dynasty--or the chaotic local politics of Italy that would frustrate visionaries for over a millennium. At other times, however, he job is much more difficult, such as when she tries to illuminate Gerbert's rivalries or his early training. (This is not Brown's fault, but rather the fault of the paucity of documentation about those aspects of Gerbert's life.)

Along the way, Brown uses Gerbert's life as a tool to examine the high Middle Ages--not only how the people at the time lived and though, (No, they did not think the earth was flat.) but also in how we view the period today (which is sometimes at odds with the reality). Brown is very successful in this aspect of her writing and for this reason alone, I recommend the book to anyone. The entertaining writing and the gobs of knowledge you'll gain about a fascinating man are just icing on the cake.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
4.0 out of 5 stars How Did Mathematics Begin?
The book follows the development of numbers and place value. It also follows the development of the abacus. It was surprising to me just how recent these developments were. Read more
Published 7 days ago by Senior Ninja
5.0 out of 5 stars Interesting subject and era
The book was recommended to my by a Jewish history professor friend. Being a Protestant I wasn't very interested in popes. Once I started reading, it held my interest. Read more
Published 3 months ago by PJ
5.0 out of 5 stars Great read and a wonderful correction
This book manages to do so much in such a well-written way. It depicts the legacy of the Golden Age of Abbasid Spain and its effect on the future pope Sylvester II and the West;... Read more
Published 3 months ago by Larissa Taylor
3.0 out of 5 stars bit of a disappointment, this
This is just one more of those "kitchen sink" histories that crop up so often, like "The First Millenium" or "A World Lit Only by Fire. Read more
Published 5 months ago by alison chapman
5.0 out of 5 stars the not so dark ages
Forget what you know or have read about the Dark Ages because that knowledge is not quite correct. The Dark Ages were not as dark as previously reported. Read more
Published 5 months ago by David L. Poremba
5.0 out of 5 stars a fascinating journey
A fascinating journey into the past, beautifully written, very informative, and a lot of fun to read -- it brought to life a time about which I knew very little and corrected many... Read more
Published 13 months ago by a reader
3.0 out of 5 stars Slow but still an Intriguing Read
Like a shining beacon of hope, Pope Sylvester II becomes the rallying point for an interesting thesis by author Nancy Marie Brown. Read more
Published 16 months ago by Kevin Scott Brown
4.0 out of 5 stars Interesting look at science through the "Dark Ages"
It's always interesting when an author tries something new. It's not always successful, but the attempt is admirable. Read more
Published 19 months ago by David Roy
4.0 out of 5 stars A Renaissance of Reason
Nonfiction is still very much in vogue, and this book proves there's no end in sight to the wealth of research to be done and stories to be told of historical characters. Read more
Published 21 months ago by Gridley
5.0 out of 5 stars Great and humbling book
Having read very little about this particular time in western history, I found if very interesting to discover such a rich history that refuted everything I had been taught in... Read more
Published on May 24, 2011 by JCLomb
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