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The Emperor of Lies: A Novel [Hardcover]

Steve Sem-Sandberg , Sarah Death
3.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (42 customer reviews)


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Book Description

August 30, 2011

Winner of the August Prize, Sweden’s most important literary award

A Globe and Mail Best Books of the Year 2011 Title

To be published in more than twenty-five languages

A major international literary event

“This is real literature. A great work of fiction.” —Per Svensson, Dagens Nyheter

In February 1940, the Nazis established what would become the second-largest Jewish ghetto, in the Polish city of Lódz. The leader they appointed was Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, a sixty-three-year-old Jewish businessman and orphanage director—and the elusive, authoritarian power sustaining the ghetto’s very existence.

A haunting, profoundly challenging novel, The Emperor of Lies chronicles the tale of Rumkowski’s monarchical rule over a quarter-million Jews for the next four and a half years. Driven by a titanic ambition, he sought to transform the ghetto into a productive industrial complex and strove to make it—and himself—indispensable to the Nazi regime. These compromises would have extraordinary consequences not only for Rumkowski but for everyone living in the ghetto. Drawing on the detailed records of life in Lódz, Steve Sem-Sandberg, in a masterful feat of literary imagination and empathy, captures the full panorama of human resilience and probes deeply into the nature of evil. Through the dramatic narrative, he asks the most difficult questions: Was Rumkowski a ruthless opportunist, an accessory to the Nazi regime motivated by a lust for power? Or was he a pragmatist who managed to save Jewish lives through his collaboration policies? How did the inhabitants of the ghetto survive in such extreme circumstances?

A critically acclaimed breakout bestseller in Sweden, The Emperor of Lies introduces a writer of great significance to American readers. The archives detail daily life in the Lodz ghetto, under the reign of Rumkowki, but it takes a writer with Sem-Sandberg’s singular talent to help us understand the truth of this chilling history.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

Praise for The Emperor of Lies

Library Journal (starred): “This is the story of the Lodz ghetto, located in Poland’s second-largest city. Unlike the bigger Warsaw ghetto, the one that the Germans established at Litzmannstadt (their name for Lodz) was highly organized and offered jobs to thousands of Jews, who made items for use by the German army and civilian population—before they were gradually shipped off to the death camps. Masterminding this giant enterprise was Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, the Eldest of the Jews and the “Emperor” of the title. How this initially unmarried and childless man, whom some would call a misfit, came to a position of preeminence in the ghetto is the heart of this riveting narrative. Sem-Sandberg, who lives in both Vienna and Stockholm, relied on the Ghetto Chronicle, secretly compiled by the Jews of Lodz, which he has deftly fictionalized. Readers must struggle with the issue of whether Rumkowski was a crass opportunist or saved countless lives through his near monarchical rule. Death’s translation is first-rate, and the reading group guide should be especially helpful. VERDICT This portrait of hell is highly recommended to knowledgeable readers with a love of world literature and an interest in the era.” —Edward Cone, New York

“This extraordinary work of fiction is a historical novel in a deeper than the usual sense, since the author concedes that truth rather than fiction supplies the crucial detail that directs our moral vision . . . Sem-Sandberg’s success lies in the way he conveys the moral tragedy not in retrospect but in its duration. As well as any other novelist of the Holocaust, he conveys someone else’s nihilism as your experience, answering dehumanization with modest and convincing portraits of humanity.”—Timothy Snyder, The Times Literary Supplement

“It would seem all the more difficult . . . from this remove in time and after so much retelling, to write a freshly felt, fully absorbing novel about the Holocaust — and yet this is exactly what Steve Sem-Sandberg has done . . . Was Rumkowski a sinner or saint? Collaborator or liberator? It is around this central question that The Emperor of Lies swirls, providing along the way an almost Dickensian cast of characters and cinematic richness of detail that invites immersion in the way few contemporary novels of serious ambition do . . . The Emperor of Lies is a chilling and illuminating look at a period of history that has been analyzed and reconstructed before but rarely in quite so three-dimensional a fashion.” —Daphne Merkin, The New York Times Book Review

“A Swedish bestseller, this sprawling, Dickensian novel of the Holocaust now lands in America, where it is sure to attract attention.” —Kirkus Reviews

“[An] extraordinary novel . . . The story has been told many times before . . . yet rarely with such imaginative empathy . . .  A brilliantly sustained work of historical fiction.” —Ian Thomson, The Sunday Telegraph

“This is fiction of true moral force, brilliantly sustained and achieved. It helps us to do what is so hard, simply to think about the Holocaust. Normally, the mind sheers away in horror after exposure to the accumulation of grueling detail and to the ungraspable weight of the statistics. It is so difficult to focus our imagination, our empathy, and Sem-Sandberg provides a way for us to do that, guiding the reader through the mass of information to the human heart of these appalling events. Fiction here is operating at its best, to close the gap between past and present, between them and us: not through sentiment, but through real understanding.

This is a stunning achievement and one to be applauded. I have lived with the book over several days, feeling I was living inside it, even dreaming about it. To read this novel is both an ordeal and a privilege, and I hope it commands the attention it deserves. It could be life-changing. I find it difficult to think of any book that has had such an immediate and powerful impact on me. So often there seems no way to approach these horrors but sidelong, at a tangent. What I admire and applaud is the author's direct engagement, the commitment to reality he has made. He shows us this fearful world in all its ambivalence and its human particularity. And yet you are not transfixed with horror; you are not forced beyond thought; you are debating all the time, what could they have done, what should they have done, how could it have been different? You are commanded to live through it and rethink it.

If there is one detail that for me selects itself as unforgettable it is the image of the X-ray plates of the children: the record of pathology preserved, the living subjects long ago lost and perished. Even if we have only the ghost of bones, this brave and brilliant author has made them a fitting commemoration.” —Hilary Mantel, author of Wolf Hall, winner of the Man Booker Prize

“Sem-Sandberg's recreation of the Lodz ghetto, utterly convincing, rich in sympathy and understanding, is more a lightly fictionalised documentary than a work of the imagination. Nevertheless it needed that form of imagination which goes by the name of empathy to enter this world of horrors and show how individuals sought to survive or succumbed.” —Allan Massie, The Scotsman

“Sem-Sandberg’s achievement is that this history becomes but a background to a multitude of vivid characters, the ordinary Jewish people of the ghetto, whose experiences he weaves expertly into a mesmerising whole . . . The Emperor of Lies is a novel about heart-wrenching suffering and extraordinary evil, transformed by Sem-Sandberg’s talents into an irresistible work of fiction, absorbing from first page to last . . . Dickens would have been very pleased with this novel.” —Carmen Callil, The Guardian

“[The story] is told in almost dispassionate prose which because of its sheer understatedness makes it all the more potent . . . Sem-Sandberg is an intensely visual writer and scene after scene comes vividly to life. The vast company of characters are memorably drawn and naturally the emperor of lies dominates . . . The final section of the book rises to startling heights of descriptive writing as the steadily emptying ghetto becomes a freezing snowscape barely populated other than by the ghosts who have perished. The concluding pages are almost unbearable . . . The Emperor of Lies is a memorable examination of human resilience and the will to survive. It is a most distinguished addition to the literature of the holocaust.” —Peter Burton, The Daily Express

“The author uses the Ghetto Chronicle, a 3,000-page archive set up by Rumkowski in 1940, to give this novel an extraordinary immediacy and power.” —Kate Saunders, The Times (London)

“In this vast and impressive book, the Swedish novelist Steve Sem-Sandberg revisits these five years of barbaric history. The chronology from April 1940 to January 1945 is handled with great skill . . . [and] the book is immeasurably strengthened by its multiple points of view . . . Yet the book is not a mere recitation of crime and evil. There are compound ironies in the fact that Rumkowski wanted to make the authorities acknowledge that ‘the ghetto was a special place’ . . . Perhaps the book’s chief virtue is that it doesn't attempt to resolve these complexities.” —Tom Deveson, The Sunday Times (London)

“Steve Sem-Sandberg re-creates the ghetto with intelligent meticulousness and passionate invention . . . With this book, Sem-Sandberg steps into the magic circle of leading European writers . . . A] masterly novel.” —Anna Paterson, The Independent

“Sem-Sandberg has achieved something monumental, but with a strange and necessary lightness of touch. The Emperor of Lies is sobering, scarifying, and, in its hunger for the truth, enthralling.” —Sebastian Barry, author of The Secret Scripture

“With The Emperor of Lies Steve Sem-Sandberg cements his position as one of Sweden’s significant authors. The book deserves marked attention.” —Markus Huss

“Majestic . . . Frankly speaking it’s an amazing novel . . . Part of the great achievement here is owed to how masterfully Steve Sem-Sandberg has managed to filter his material to a story with both cinematic flexibility and graphic clarity.” —Mikael van Reis, Göteborgs-Posten

About the Author

Steve Sem-Sandberg was born in 1958. He divides his time between Vienna and Stockholm.


Product Details

  • Hardcover: 672 pages
  • Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux; First Edition (1 in number line) edition (August 30, 2011)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0374139644
  • ISBN-13: 978-0374139643
  • Product Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.4 x 1.3 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 2 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 3.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (42 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #665,989 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
38 of 42 people found the following review helpful
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
About 40 years ago I had my first reading experience in Holocaust literature, the fictionalized account of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Mila 18 by Leon Uris. I have been chilled and haunted by the Holocaust ever since, and even though I am not Jewish, I have the deepest respect for the genre and honor any literary representation of the Holocaust for its indispensable historical, human and moral value.

And now we have another significant novel joining the ranks of powerful and profound Holocaust literature~ The Emperor of Lies: A Novel by Steve Sem-Sandberg, newly translated into English from the original Swedish language by Sarah Death.

I preface my review by encouraging you, the prospective reader, not to be daunted by the 700 pages of The Emperor of Lies: A Novel. This most powerful piece of Holocaust literature is so worthy of the investment of your time and your reading energy! It is one of those reading experiences that completely takes you hostage and then transports you to another reality, a reality of such disturbing immediacy you will feel it in every fiber of your being.

The Emperor of Lies: A Novel is a fictionalized account of events from the actual historical archives of Poland's Lodz Ghetto from September 1942 until January 1945. The ghetto, the second largest in Poland after the Warsaw Ghetto, was originally established by the Nazis as a temporary way station or holding center for the Jews during the Nazi deportation process known as "resettlement in the East" or the "Final Solution" ~ the euphemisms for the expulsion of Jews from their homes to the concentration and death camps.

The "Emperor of Lies" was Mordechai Chaim Murkowski, a 63 year old Polish Jew who was appointed by Nazi authorities in October 1939 as the "Elder of Jews" of the Lodz Ghetto and given blanket authority to organize the Jewish population and take all necessary measures to maintain order in the ghetto. In the novel Rumkowski is known as the Chairman.

Prior to the Nazi occupation of Poland, Rumkowski was a successful businessman and director of an orphanage in Lodz. With his appointment as the elder of the Judenrat it became his direct responsibility for providing heat, work, food, housing, health and welfare of the entire ghetto population. Although he reported directly to the Nazi ghetto administration under Hans Biebow, Rumkowski adopted an authoritarian leadership of the ghetto, becoming one of the most controversial Jewish figures in Holocaust history.

One diary written December 11, 1941 refers to Murkowski ~

"...that man is a MONSTER-

His only achievement to date: selling out his own people in record time and stealing or embezzling all they own. Yet still a quarter of a million people look up to him as a god! What kind of human being is it who deliberately sets out to demean and dishonor as many people as possible, simply for his own advancement?
I don't understand it!"

Due to the autocratic leadership of Rumkowski, the ghetto was transformed from a temporary corral for the Jews into an enormous industrial complex of Jewish slave labor, manufacturing a variety of goods for the German military. Rumkowski was convinced that only Jewish productivity would ensure their survival. He believed in the slogan "Work sets you free" and successfully petitioned the Germans for the raw materials for Jewish industry and labor in exchange for food and fuel. This productivity, this Jewish slave labor under the most abysmal conditions conceivable, was the only reason the Lodz Ghetto survived long after the other ghettos were liquidated.

The Emperor of Lies: A Novel chronicles the very disputable tyrannical reign of the polemical Rumkowski. Rumkowski was a man of exceptional organizational prowess and high energy and his methods of industrializing the ghetto and making the Jews indispensable to the Germans did seem to extend the life of the Lodz ghetto whereas his counterpart in the Warsaw Ghetto, Adam Czerniakow, failed. (When Czerniakow discovered the real meaning of the "Final Solution," he committed suicide). However, Rumkowski is also portrayed as an ignorant, vulgar, power-hungry tyrant with a great, lustful sexual appetite for women (and children). He was indeed a contradictory personality, and we too are made to wonder if he was a Nazi collaborator or a sincere champion of "his" Jews of Lodz.

Sem-Sandberg's narrative is richly detailed and absorbing. He mines deeply every strata of human nature. He plumbs the very depths of darkness and evil. He leaves no stone unturned when exploring the enigmatic character of the Eldest of Jews, Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. He also paints an accurate picture of the corruption within the Jewish ghetto administration itself. The Jewish Council under the Chairman Rumkowski acted as government and police of the ghetto. Besides maintaining government services (hospitals, schools, vocational training, post offices), the Judenrate also was responsible for rounding up Jews for resettlement in the concentration and death camps. The brutality of Jew against Jew was so shocking to me and made my blood run cold.

But more essentially than the portrayal of Rumkowski and the Judenrate, The Emperor of Lies: A Novel gives voice to the quarter of a million Jews of Lodz who vanish from history in the liquidation of the Lodz Ghetto, in the Nazis' "Final Solution." Most of those who did not die in the ghetto were murdered in either Chelmno or Auschwitz. Their cries will haunt your dreams. Their hunger becomes your hunger; their pain, your pain; their nightmares, your nightmares; their terror, your terror. Sem-Sandberg's narrative is so vivid, so disturbing, the Lodz ghetto will grip your heart, wrench your gut and rend your soul.

"When the exiled and the dead outnumber the living, it is the dead who start talking instead of the living. There are simply not enough of the living left to be able to maintain a whole reality."
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20 of 23 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Bearing witness July 7, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
Known as the "Chairman," Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski led the Jewish Council, the governing body of the Lodz Ghetto in German occupied Poland. He was a person of immense ambition with a vision that industrialization would make the ghetto community indispensible to the Germans.

The Chairman's dream was that the Lodz Ghetto would become a place where "here the lamp of industry would be kept burning, here there was production as had never been seen before. And everyone had something to gain by letting the incarcerated population of (the ghetto) work."

Once the Germans realized the value of its contribution, the Chairman believed, the Lodz Ghetto would become a Jewish free state "where freedom had been honestly won at the price of hard work."

"The Emperor of Lies" is Rumkowski's story. It also is the story of the quarter million Jews who lived inside the ghetto walls between 1940 and 1944 when trains transported its remaining population to the German death camps.

For Rumkowski, a historical figure and one of the most controversial Jews of the Holocaust, the dream died on Aug. 28, 1994. He and his family were part of the last transport to Auschwitz.

The central question this long book asks is: was Rumkowski a pragmatist who was a savior for many or a Nazi collaborator and traitor responsible for the suffering and death of so many more.

He seems to have been an expert administrator who in exchange for providing a labor force to the Germans was permitted to establish, schools, hospitals, pharmacies and even a postal system. Rumkowski had overall responsibility for the life's basic necessities including housing, heat and food. He was also dictatorial and had some complicity in the rounding up and killing of more than 10,000 of the ghetto's children.

Lodz was the last ghetto to be liquidated, two years after Warsaw. It was the only ghetto not directly controlled by the German SS. Of the quarter million people who passed through Lodz, only an estimated 10,000 survived. Murkowski's efforts to cooperate and appease the Nazis may have delayed the inevitable and allowed more people to survive longer and avoid the gas chambers.

Although this is a story of almost unimaginable villany and pain, Sem-Sandberg ultimately leaves it to the reader to judge Rumkowski's involvement and his responsibility for the human toll. Although Sem-Sandberg appears to tip the scales in favor of Rumkowski as collaborator and villain, the answers don't come easy.

The book is labeled a novel. More accurately it might be called a work of historical fiction. There remains an extraordinary historical record of Lodz ghetto life and obviously Sem-Sandberg's research has been painstaking. He portrays through vignettes, facts and figures and a large cast of characters a full view of ghetto life, suffering and death. Don't, however, pick up "The Emperor of Lies" expecting it to be a book of great storytelling comparable to "Sophie's Choice" or "Schindler's List." I don't believe writing a compelling narrative was what primarily motivated Sem-Sandberg. He set out to do something more, and succeeded.

In its moral weight "The Emperor of Lies" stands squarely beside anything written about the Holocaust. Its lasting strength and accomplishment - its importance - is that it bears profound witness to the human capacity to commit evil.
[4.5 stars]
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15 of 18 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Heartbreaking content, okay delivery. July 13, 2011
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Vine™ Review (What's this?)
In 1939 as the Nazis furthered their reign of terror on Poland and quarantined a large number of Jews into the Lodz ghetto, Chaim Rumkowski presented himself as a representative of his people. The understanding was that he would help control his people by making them useful to the government and turning them into a massive workforce. The Nazis, glad to further exploit this population agree to Rumkowski's offer and allow him almost unfettered power over the ghetto. Through this agreement, a few thousand Jews are saved, even if temporarily, and are mobilized as workers to fuel the Nazi state. At first the people are glad to be alive and with one of their own at the helm they believe their situation will not be as bad as they had feared. But they realize that despite Rumkowski's assurances, they remain tired, hungry and overworked. While he berates them, accusing them of laziness and ingratitude, Rumkowski himself does not seem to be as starved as they are.

For me there is no argument of Rumkowski's role in the Lodz ghetto. He was not a reluctant oppressor of his people or a modest savior. Rather he was a megalomaniac with delusions of grandeur who used his position to abuse his people. If the building of an effective workforce managed to keep the inhabitants of Lodz alive, then it was an aside, a means to an end but not his main concern. He preached eloquently of his noble intentions, telling anyone who would listen of how he was saving Jewish lives but in reality, all he cared about was power and influence. He was pompous, drunk on power and never ceased to claim credit even if he had nothing to do with it. The Lodz ghetto was his platform and he gladly rested that platform on his people's backs. No, Rumkowski was not a hero, he was a bully and an abuser. Worst of all, he was a child molester who preyed on the weakest and most defenseless of the suffering population. I was not expecting an Oskar Schindler but I was still shocked the depths of depravity Rumkowski was able to achieve.

The reason I can't give this book a higher rating is the actual writing. The material was fascinating and riveting. It broke my heart and made my skin crawl and I wished I could intervene as innocent men, women and children were brutalized because of their religion and ethnicity. But my appreciation of the work was tempered by the fact that the writing felt very jumpy and oddly informal. Something about the author's style of writing made it hard for me to concentrate and at six hundred and fifty pages, concentration was vital. It is very possible that this is a problem of translation and if I had read it in its original Swedish it may have flowed better. I also felt that the scope of the book was so large that any real character development was stifled. People are introduced, you get to know them a little and then they disappear for another one hundred pages. I was also bothered by a scene where the graphic rape of a child is depicted in all its lurid details. Other instances of abuse were discussed but they were alluded to and not actually shown. But the aforementioned scene is vivid in all its stomach churning details and bothered me in part because it felt sensationalized.

For me, the actual story gets a 5/5 and the writing gets a 3/5.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
2.0 out of 5 stars a difficult read
It is almost a textbook I expected some novel-like elements such as theme, plot, character development. Read more
Published 19 days ago by Hugh J. Maher
3.0 out of 5 stars A difficult read
Reading this 700 page catalogue of Holocaust horrors is difficult enough, it must have been doubly difficult to research and write it. Read more
Published 2 months ago by keetmom
5.0 out of 5 stars A Look Inside the Tragic Lodz Ghetto
The Emperor of Lies a profound and disturbing novel that tells the tragic story of the decline and fall of the Lodz ghetto in World War II. Read more
Published 3 months ago by Stephen B. Selbst
5.0 out of 5 stars Shocking Novel of the Holocaust
Using the historical documents of the day, this fictionalized novel tells of the rise of Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, a 63 year old Jewish man who was known as a businessman and an... Read more
Published 4 months ago by Lynn Ellingwood
5.0 out of 5 stars Deserve to be read
Provides an excelent description of the ordeal millions of jews had to go through. It depicts the daily living and the transformation human beings are capable under harsh... Read more
Published 6 months ago by Maurmesa
4.0 out of 5 stars The Emperor of Lies is the tragic story of the Lodz ghetto during the...
The Emperor of Lies is a new entry in the vast holocaust literature. The lengthy book of over 600 pages is authored by Steve
Sam-Sandberg. Read more
Published 8 months ago by C. M Mills
4.0 out of 5 stars Exploring the nature of evil and resistance to it
I've been to Lodz, Warsaw, Riga and Rumbala, Vilna and the Ninth Fort, Auschwitz, Dachau, Sobibor, Midonik, Sachsenhausen, Theresienstadt and more. Read more
Published 8 months ago by Glenn Richter
5.0 out of 5 stars Extraordinary historical fictional account of Lodz Ghetto
In The Emperor of Lies: A Novel, Steve Sem-Sandberg tells the story of the Lodz Ghetto and it's "Emperor of Lies", Rumkowski. Read more
Published 10 months ago by J. Offenbach
5.0 out of 5 stars 'Labour is the rock of Zion. Labour the foundation of my state! Hard,...
An amazing and horrific account of life in the Lodz Jewish ghetto- the second largest in Poland. The head of the ghetto, Chaim Rumkowski, set to turning 'his' town into an... Read more
Published 11 months ago by sally tarbox
1.0 out of 5 stars Couldn't even get halfway through this book
And I love a great big read -- weird writing style -- difficult to even remember or care about the characters, no story lines that drew you in -- disjointed and very... Read more
Published 13 months ago by Jilla Lonsdale
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