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The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (Princeton Studies in American Politics) [Paperback]

Thomas J. Sugrue
4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (28 customer reviews)

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Book Description

August 1, 2005 0691121869 978-0691121864 Revised

Once America's "arsenal of democracy," Detroit over the last fifty years has become the symbol of the American urban crisis. In this reappraisal of racial and economic inequality in modern America, Thomas Sugrue explains how Detroit and many other once prosperous industrial cities have become the sites of persistent racialized poverty. He challenges the conventional wisdom that urban decline is the product of the social programs and racial fissures of the 1960s. Probing beneath the veneer of 1950s prosperity and social consensus, Sugrue traces the rise of a new ghetto, solidified by changes in the urban economy and labor market and by racial and class segregation.

In this provocative revision of postwar American history, Sugrue finds cities already fiercely divided by race and devastated by the exodus of industries. He focuses on urban neighborhoods, where white working-class homeowners mobilized to prevent integration as blacks tried to move out of the crumbling and overcrowded inner city. Weaving together the history of workplaces, unions, civil rights groups, political organizations, and real estate agencies, Sugrue finds the roots of today's urban poverty in a hidden history of racial violence, discrimination, and deindustrialization that reshaped the American urban landscape after World War II.

In a new preface, Sugrue discusses the ongoing legacies of the postwar transformation of urban America and engages recent scholars who have joined in the reassessment of postwar urban, political, social, and African American history.


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Editorial Reviews

Review

Praise for Princeton's previous edition:"[Sugrue's] disciplined historical engagement with a complex, often inglorious, past offers a compelling model for understanding how race and the Rust Belt converged to create the current impasse. (America)

Praise for Princeton's previous edition: "A splendid book that does no less than transform our understanding of United States history after 1940. (Labor History)

Review

This superb study offers a richly detailed account of the rise and fall of twentieth-century Detroit.... Must reading for ... everyone concerned about the current urban crisis. (Jacqueline Jones, author of "The Dispossessed: America's Underclass from the Civil War to the Present" ) --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 416 pages
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press; Revised edition (August 1, 2005)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0691121869
  • ISBN-13: 978-0691121864
  • Product Dimensions: 6 x 1 x 9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (28 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #52,431 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

Thomas J. Sugrue is a twentieth-century American historian who teaches at the University of Pennsylvania. He's the author or editor of four books and has published essays and reviews in the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, the New York Times, Boston Globe, the London Review of Books, Salon, and the Nation. His newest book is Not Even Past: Barack Obama and the Burden of Race. He's working on a history of real estate in modern America. Sugrue grew up in Detroit.

Customer Reviews

These riots were racially based and some of the most brutal in America. Tom Munro  |  3 reviewers made a similar statement
For anyone interested in this subject, I highly recommend this book! C. Enriquez  |  5 reviewers made a similar statement
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
23 of 25 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars A comprehensive look at postwar Detroit November 15, 2002
By A Customer
Format:Paperback
This book is essential for anyone who really wants to understand the roots of urban decline in the United States since World War 2. Too many books focus solely on the debilitating effect of the welfare state. Urban decline is far too complicated to blame factor alone. The author of this book does an excellent job in examining the combined effects of housing and job discrimination, deindustrialization and the racist attitudes of many white Detroiters. To his credit, the author tells all sides of the story, so that no one side garners all the sympathy or hatred. Neighborhood associations are not mobs of angry, unthinking whites motivated solely by hatred of blacks; nor are blacks criminally-minded characters too lazy to find work. Once you look at everthing, you realize how intractable Detroit's problems were in 1970 and how they remain so today.

Although this book is about Detroit, this book also sheds light on the fate of other American cities (i.e. Chicago, Philadelphia, New York, Newark, NJ) that also experienced massive deindustrialization and population loss in the last third of the century.

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51 of 61 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Well researched, well written January 2, 2004
Format:Paperback
The Detroit metropolitan area today is arguably the most racially segregated region in the United States, with a primarily African-American, largely abandoned and dilapidated urban center surrounded by layers of primarily white, affluent suburbs. This book is essential reading for anyone who lives in southeast Michigan as well as other cities that have similar histories of industrialization, urban decline and concentrated poverty such as Cleveland, Gary, Philadelphia, and South Chicago.

Thomas Sugrue provides a thoughtful, well-researched, and fascinating analysis of systematic racial inequality in Detroit during the post World War II automotive industry boom of the 1940s through deindustrialization and "white flight", and ending with the catastrophic race riots of 1967. Sugrue avoids the current, common oversimplifications of blaming Detroit's urban crisis on the '67 riots or Mayor Colman Young by weaving together a complex story of human behaviors, fears, and incentive structures backed by data, references, and personal accounts: "By the time Young was inaugurated, the forces of economic decay and racial animosity were far too powerful for a single elected official to stem."

Sugrue's analysis provides insight to understand major groups of stakeholders and their interactions: Workers flocked from the southern states to Detroit seeking relatively high-paying automotive jobs. In the free market, resulting housing shortages allowed landlords to divide properties into tiny apartments and charge premium prices, protecting their investments by being selective in their choice of "low risk" white tenants. Bankers also preferred "low risk" clients, resulting in unequal access to funds....

Racial inequality in Detroit stems from complex social systems of incentives and categorical isolation caused by systematic inequality in access to employment, housing, networking and other resources. Recognizing the complexity of this social system helps the reader understand how individuals who fail to actively oppose racism actually support it, and why official "race-blind" policies fail to stop the polarization caused by chain-reactions of systematic, historic, self-reinforcing racial inequalities and the ruthless self-interest of capitalist culture. Read more ›

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27 of 32 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars VERY IMPORTANT URBAN HISTORY November 26, 1999
Format:Paperback
Sugrue's work builds on that of other urban scholars, notably Arnold Hirsch and Raymond Mohl. Sugrue challenges the conventional wisdom that urban decay is the product of the social programs and racial problems of the 1960s. He looks beneath the surface prosperity and social consensus associated with the 1950s and finds the rise of hidden racial violence, a new ghetto (sim. to what Hirsch and Mohl term the "second ghetto"), discrimination, and deindustrialization. Sugrue seeks to rectify the lacking historical perspective that has hindered "underclass" studies. His work suggests that the intersection of race, economics, and politics in the 1940s-1960s paved the way for a social and economic disaster in modern cities. Sugrue argues that in the wake of Detroit's World War II boom, the city fell on hard times. As a result, a shrinking pie (so to speak) became highly contested by blacks and whites, particularly in the workplace and in marginal neighborhoods. Sugrue examines the racism associated with federal and local collusion to keep blacks confined in low-rent districts. Further, urban slum clearance and freeway construction worked to the detriment of the black community. Sugrue also shows how industries and businesses deserted the city in a mass exodus as whites went to the suburbs. The result? A spatial mismatch between jobs and the jobless. In the interest of space, I neglect numerous important aspects of Sugrue's seminal work. THE ORIGINS OF THE URBAN CRISIS should be mandatory reading for anyone who is too quick to blame "liberalism" and the Great Society for our urban ills.... Read more ›
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32 of 40 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent May 22, 2001
Format:Paperback|Amazon Verified Purchase
This is quite a remarkable book. It attempts to explain the riots that occurred in Detroit in the late 1967. These riots were racially based and some of the most brutal in America.

The book basically is about racism. It describes the history of racism in Detroit between the 1930's and the 1960's. Unlike other books that tend to be anecdotal this book attempts to look at the mechanics of the process and to provide empirical material to illustrate and validate the material in the text.

The story of the book is that racism is a complex phenomenon. Detroit in the 1940's had a vast appetite for labor. This lead to it being a city in which Afro Americans could be employed. Large numbers began to migrate and to fill the more lowly paid jobs in the auto industry. The book explains the sorts of mechanisms, which governed this process. How employers would discriminate against blacks, to keep them in lowly paid positions and the fights that some unions engaged in to overcome such practices.

The book goes on to explain how housing was one of the main ways in which blacks were able to be limited to certain areas. The widespread use of housing covenants permitted blacks to be excluded from more affluent areas. This meant that blacks became concentrated in small areas which subsequently became ghettos. The action of courts and legislatures to overcome the use of discriminatory covenants was opposed violently. The book shows how populist politicians would ply the race card to gain election at the expense of the more principled. How they would exploit the fear of residents about the alleged nexus between Afro Americans and crime. This in turn led to violence being unleashed on those Afro Americans who were able to afford housing in more affluent areas....

With the 50's and 60's came the widespread use of automation. The number of jobs in the auto industry began to decline. As the jobs dried up the position of Afro Americans eroded further. As employment fell away the areas they lived in began to run down and become the stereotypical ghettoes, wracked with decay and unemployment. This decay occurred against a background of a society which battled hard to exclude Afro Americans from good housing, employment and the political process. The violence of 1967 was thus hardly a surprise.

The book is extremely good. Often books dealing with such subjects can rely on cliché and assertion. This book consists of fact after fact and it is full of tables and maps. It is one of the more interesting studies to come out in years. No wonder it won a prize. Read more ›

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Most Recent Customer Reviews
5.0 out of 5 stars Very interesting
I had to buy this book for my Race and the Law class at my law school. It was very informative and I learned a lot more than I thought I would. Read more
Published 10 days ago by Maya
5.0 out of 5 stars Essential book on understanding Detroit
I grew up on the Northwest side of Detroit in the Bagley neighborhood. This book resonated deeply with my memories of how my parents, like their friends and neighbors, fled Detroit... Read more
Published 1 month ago by B. Thoms
5.0 out of 5 stars Great resource!!
It was exactly what we needed and at the right price. Tom has achieved a great revelation in this study.
Published 2 months ago by Harold Crumpton
5.0 out of 5 stars An Excellent, Comprehensive Explanation of Detroit's Racial and...
This book goes into great detail, showing "cause and effect", to demonstrate the systemic, institutionalized forms of discrimination and racism in communities and job... Read more
Published 2 months ago by C. Enriquez
1.0 out of 5 stars No page numbers
If you are using this book for academic purposes it has no corresponding page numbers to the paper copy. Worthless for citations.
Published 2 months ago by Bethezda
5.0 out of 5 stars Racism and urban decline
The after effects of racism and inequality is something that all of us human beings, regardless of skin color or station in life, will have to deal with. Read more
Published 3 months ago by wjb
5.0 out of 5 stars Good Text Book
I needed this for a history class last semester. It came quite quickly and was very useful. This was an interesting book and did a good job of going into racial inequality issues... Read more
Published 6 months ago by Chloe
5.0 out of 5 stars An honest history of racism in the US
Sugrue's book packs quite a punch. He describes in some detail the effects of institutional racism in Detroit over several decades. Read more
Published 6 months ago by Russ Brandwein
5.0 out of 5 stars Great
The book is just as it should be, in good shape, and captivating in the language used to describe Detroit and its glory, or lack thereof.
Published 8 months ago by triaki
1.0 out of 5 stars Detroit is the Worst Place on Earth
I doubt any east coast intellectual can objectively look at Detroit. Since Detroit became the wiping boy of writers everywhere, criticism has been piled on by one writer after the... Read more
Published 12 months ago by Beth A. Murphy
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