Author Brendan Myers, a.k.a. Brendan Cathbad Myers, tackles the subject of virtue ethics in the ancient and modern world. He investigates the ethics of Heroic and Classical peoples of ancient Europe, charts the history of virtue through the Renaissance and into modern times, and advocates a modern ethics informed by ancient forms of virtue. In addition to these things, he offers a counter to passive forms of virtue, a critique of modern individualism, and a new way to understand the spiritual experience. All this he delivers in a book accessible to the general reader.
Unifying Myers' approach are two basic convictions: first, that we must find the source of our ethics in ourselves ("Know thyself"), and second, that community is also indispensable. It is a philosophy not of rule-based obedience, but of character-based action. The emphasis falls not on the laws or commandments we follow, but rather on the qualities in which our characters may excel. These qualities are called virtues.
This is not the same as what Myers calls the "familiar side" of virtue: a host of "passive" and "self-denying" qualities we have inherited largely from Christian tradition: faith, hope, charity, humility, chastity, and most of all docility.
Of greater interest is the "other side." Here Myers invokes a more ancient and original usage, derived on the one hand from the Latin virtus, rooted in the word vir ("man"), and on the other hand from the Greek arete ("virtue" or "excellence"). In short, this usage refers to the ways in which a person's character excels. Myers' ethics is not about docility, but about excellence of character.
Myers articulates the "other side" of virtue in five segments called "movements." The First Movement is a collection of brief aphorisms, inspiring themes to play through the reader's imagination. The Second Movement begins Myers' course through history with what he calls "Heroic" peoples: "the Celts of Ireland, Britain, and Western Europe, Germanic and Scandinavian people, the Greeks of the time of Homer, as well as the Macedonians" (p. 29). The Third Movement contrasts these with what Myers' calls "Classical" peoples. Here he quotes Marcus Aurelius, Cicero, Plutarch, Heraclitus, Euripides, Aristotle, Plato, and Boethius. The course of virtue's history is then interrupted by a period of "passive," law-based ethics, due largely to the influence of Christian values. Myers picks up the story again in the Fourth Movement with Renaissance thinkers who return to Classical ideas of virtue. The trail continues beyond the Renaissance and into the Romantic movement, with figures like Rousseau and Goethe. In the wake of this comes Nietzsche. Finally, Myers finishes out his history with a close look at virtue in two very modern pieces of literature: Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy and J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. With these works, Myers brings the discussion up to date and grounds virtue in familiar imagery.
What follows in the Fifth Movement is an exploration pushing the foregoing ideas into new ground. So far, Myers has presented the skeletal framework of "Know Thyself" plus the importance of community, and fleshed it out with history. Next, he asks in what kind of situation one comes to self-awareness. He finds that such knowledge arises via situations that call one's self into question. His name for these situations is "the Immensity." Instances of the Immensity can be small or large, but they always cause one to question one's identity, and always demand a response. In our response we discover who we are. At the same time, we also create who we are. So encounters with the Immensity are opportunities to take responsibility for our own characters. They are chances to display and cultivate virtue.
This, then, is Myers' virtue ethics in brief. It is an engaging philosophy, rooted in ancient values yet flowering in the modern world. The Other Side of Virtue speaks to our times, countering modern individualism and "passive" forms of virtue while championing self-worth and community. It teaches us new things about ethics, spirit, and the spiritual experience.
At the same time, it is not without problems. The foremost problem is Myers' distinction between active and passive virtue. He advocates an active response to the Immensity, as opposed to passively letting it blow you here and there with indifference. This does well to convey the energetic character of his philosophy. But a problem arises when this is distinguished against whole traditions labeled "passive." Christian virtue is dismissed out of hand. Faith, hope, and charity are disposed of in less than a page. And their proponent, Thomas Aquinas, one of the greatest theoreticians ever to engage virtue, is not even mentioned in Myers' tour through history. He gets a mere cameo appearance in the introduction. Why, I must ask, are faith, hope, and charity necessarily "passive?" Was the faith of Soren Kierkegaard a passive response to uncertainty in the world? What about the hope of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in a Nazi prison? And did Mother Theresa, with all her charitable efforts, respond passively to suffering? All this amounts to a failure to genuinely engage the voices which speak for the other side of the "other side" of virtue.
Other problems with the book are fairly minor. The Other Side of Virtue ultimately rises above its problems.
This is a book that can be taken seriously by pagans and non-pagans, academics and general readers alike. It does not simply re-present ancient lore, but also teaches us something new. And it achieves clarity without sacrificing rigor.