This is an extremely important book. It describes in a detailed, richly documented, and clearly - argued way the thirty year secret war between Iran and the West, primarily, the United States and Israel. It opens with a description of the twilight of the Iranian monarchy, and tells the story of Khomeini's coming to power. It shows the blindness of American Intelligence services, and their failure to have a full grasp of what was going on in Iran. The theme of the failure of Intelligence, both of U.S. and Israeli sources, and the element of denial in that failure is one central theme of the book.
The book also details operational decisions which at the time seemed a choice of the lesser of two - evils but in the long run proved critically wrong. One of these was the Israeli decision and this with American approval to arm Iran against the growing power of Saddam Hussein. This decision helped save the Islamic Republic from collapse. The book illuminates the whole Iran- contra affair and provides clear evidence of knowledge of the affair at the highest U.S. government levels.
If the mistakes of the U.S. and Israel are one central theme, the other is the determination, comprehensiveness, and ruthlessness of Iran's war of terror against the West. Bergman claims that time and again Iran and its surrogate Hizbollah outsmarted and dealt telling blows to Israel and the U.S. Successful terror bombings such as two in Beirut on the American Embassy in April 18, 1983, and on the Marine contingent at the Beirut Airport October 23, 1983- on the Israel intelligence service facility at Tyre in Southern Lebanon November 1982 , or the US. Army installation at Khobar in Saudi Arabia were devastating tactical and strategic successes. The terror drove the U.S. from Lebanon, and it put Israeli intelligence services into a process of denial which was no doubt part of the unpreparedness which led to the failures of the 2006 War with Hizbollah.
Bergman gives a lot of credit for Hizbollah's terror successes to one operative Imad Mougniyeh who was behind most of the spectacular operations. He was responsible for more American deaths than any terror force before 9/11. Another surprising revelation of this work is that despite the stereotypical conception of Shiite- Sunnite enmity in the matter of terror the Shiite operatives of Mougniyeh and the Sunni operatives of Al-Quaeda have trained and worked together.
This book traces how Hizbollah rose to power in Lebanon. It tells the story of how an Israeli arms- dealer and traitor supplied Nachum Manber supplied Iran with the basis for its chemical WMD. It tells the story of Iran's dealings with Russia in regard to acquiring technology for a nuclear weapon, and shows how it thwarted in that route found a way to the technology through Pakistani nuclear scientist Abdul Kadeer Khan. It gives convincing evidence as to how Iran has fooled the IAEA and the world and continued to progress towards nuclear weapons.
More than any book I have seen it traces through affair after affair the battle of wits and intelligences between the two sides, and shows how far too often the Iranians have had the upper hand.
It concludes with a description of the successful Israel operation against Iran's strongest state ally, Syria's nuclear facility. It also briefly describes the July 2008 assassination of Imad Moughniyeh, which came too late to save hundreds he had been responsible for the death of.
It concludes by connecting the failures of intelligence in the United States and Israel with larger social trends , including a loss of confidence in government. It suggests that Iran and Hizbollah have proven more sophisticated adversaries than the U.S. and Israel have ever known before in the Middle East. It points out that the failures of the 2006 war have led to a tightening of the Iranian- Syrian alliance. And it warns that Iran is not simply interested in protecting its own regime but is rather an aggressive exporter of its own revolution, determined to acquire nuclear weapons. He points to recent successes of the U.S. and Israel , the defection of General Askari, the Israeli stealth attack on the Syrian nuclear facility, the `mishap' at the VX gas facility at al- Safir as a sign of improvement in the functioning of Western intelligence. But Bergman points out also that the Iranians have in supporting terrorist forces in Iraq through the patronage of the Iranian revolutionary guards done great damage there. The Iranians and Syrians have rearmed Hizbollah and taught Hamas in Gaza its war tactics in anticipation of their next round with Israel.
This book shows how if there is one power in the world central to the campaign of terror being waged against the West, it is Iran. And the book concludes with Iran on the verge of attaining the nuclear capability which will increase exponentially its capacity for inflicting horror.
The book traces the historical record, and does not as it might have go into the possible scenarios which are to come in the war.
This book is solid, factual, the very best type of investigative journalism. I recommend it to anyone who really wants to know what has been going in the Middle East, or part of it, in the past thirty years.