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The Spitting Image: Myth, Memory, and the Legacy of Vietnam [Paperback]

Jerry Lembcke
2.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (30 customer reviews)

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Book Description

May 1, 2000 0814751474 978-0814751473

One of the most resilient images of the Vietnam era is that of the anti-war protester — often a woman — spitting on the uniformed veteran just off the plane. The lingering potency of this icon was evident during the Gulf War, when war supporters invoked it to discredit their opposition.

In this startling book, Jerry Lembcke demonstrates that not a single incident of this sort has been convincingly documented. Rather, the anti-war Left saw in veterans a natural ally, and the relationship between anti-war forces and most veterans was defined by mutual support. Indeed one soldier wrote angrily to Vice President Spiro Agnew that the only Americans who seemed concerned about the soldier's welfare were the anti-war activists.

While the veterans were sometimes made to feel uncomfortable about their service, this sense of unease was, Lembcke argues, more often rooted in the political practices of the Right. Tracing a range of conflicts in the twentieth century, the book illustrates how regimes engaged in unpopular conflicts often vilify their domestic opponents for "stabbing the boys in the back."

Concluding with an account of the powerful role played by Hollywood in cementing the myth of the betrayed veteran through such films as Coming Home, Taxi Driver, and Rambo, Jerry Lembcke's book stands as one of the most important, original, and controversial works of cultural history in recent years.


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Editorial Reviews

From Library Journal

Images of long-haired antiwar protesters, almost always women, spitting on returning Vietnam veterans have become a shameful part of America's collective memory. Lembcke (sociology, Holy Cross Univ.), a member of Vietnam Veterans Against the War, here presents a stunning indictment of this myth?an illusion created, he maintains, by the Nixon-Agnew administration and an unwitting press to attribute America's loss in Vietnam to internal dissension. In fact, the antiwar movement and many veterans were closely aligned, and the only documented incidents show members of the VFW and American Legion spitting on their less successful Vietnam peers. But Lembcke's most controversial conclusion is that posttraumatic stress disorder was as much a political creation?a means of discrediting returning vets who protested the war as unhinged?as it was a medical condition. The image of the psycho-vet was furthered through such Hollywood productions as The Deer Hunter and Coming Home. This forceful investigation challenges the reader to reexamine assumptions about the dark side of American culture that glorifies war more than peace. Highly recommended for large public libraries and for all academic peace studies collections.?Karl Helicher, Upper Merion Twp. Lib., King of Prussia, PA
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From Booklist

No, Holy Cross College sociology professor Lembcke can't prove a negative, but he makes a strong case that tales of antiwar activists spitting at returning vets are myth. Lembcke, a Nam vet who was active in Vietnam Veterans Against the War, opens with Persian Gulf War politicians' use of "the spitting image" and then traces Nixon and Agnew's agitated response to antiwar activism by GIs and veterans. He notes that contemporary media, government, and polling data show no evidence of antiwar spitting incidents; the few events reported had supporters of the war targeting opponents. But later studies reported hostility toward veterans; "the spitting image" epitomized that narrative. Similar images were common in post-World War I Germany and France after Indochina; Lembcke suggests the Nixon administration cultivated this notion of betrayal because it stigmatized both the antiwar movement and veterans against the war. With development of a new psychiatric diagnosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, a good vet/bad vet split was complete, and Hollywood films shifted attention from the war itself to its GI victims. Mary Carroll --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 217 pages
  • Publisher: NYU Press (May 1, 2000)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0814751474
  • ISBN-13: 978-0814751473
  • Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.6 x 9 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 13 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 2.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (30 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #872,816 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
81 of 98 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars A necessary work May 19, 2004
Format:Paperback
I decided to take up the reader from Dallas who suggested that "Google dispels all of the 'research' done for this book".

Guess what? I found most all of the references agreed with the author's point of view. Most all referred to this as an "Urban Legend", where those people who state this theory in discussions do so after having only read about it once, or who are so committed to the Vietnam War - and I think one can make a noble case for it - that they are willing to try anything to discredit anyone who felt otherwise.

Ironically, the author notes that the relatively few cases in which there is evidence of it having taken place...mostly came from prior war veterans, dismayed that returning veterans "couldn't do what we did". In some cases, the reporting of drug use by some overseas veterans, sadly, helped feed some of this animosity.

The author, a Vietnam Vet himself, emphasizes that very, very few cases of this exist to begin with. All the more reason to treat this as the Urban Legend that it is.

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94 of 115 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Political and social forces affect memory and activism August 23, 1998
Format:Hardcover
Lembcke's thorough analysis probes the myth of the spat-upon Vietnam veteran. He reminds us that the anti-war movement saw an ally in veterans and the largest group of veterans was in fact Vietnam Vets Against the War. While violence and 'spitting' did occur, it was normally against the peace activist or even the anti-war veteran, who received the harshest treatment from hawks and mainstream veterans organizations who looked down on them for losing the war.

However, the nixon administration needed to discredit both groups. Thus the strategy began to de-politicize vets by portraying them as damaged people and attacking the anti-war activists by introducing fictious images into popular culture to discredit their efforts.

However, like Howard Zinn in the People's History of the United States, the goal is not simply to set the record straight; but it also affects how we act today. This memory has discredited activism on college campuses in the 80's and 90's, especially during the gulf war. Students who equate activism with spitting on veterans quickly shy away from that type of activity.

The book does a complete job showing why and how this attack on our cultural memory was accomplished by looking at police reports, newspaper articles and films(since many people's primary reference for this war is rambo). This false memory has been damaging to activists, veterans and the country as a whole, and this book helps us to come to a better understanding of what really happened.

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78 of 96 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars 5 Fist Salute to Jerry Lembcke October 3, 2001
Format:Paperback
Dewey Canyon III, the protest in 1971 where vets (many VVAW) threw their war medals back at the capital building, is imortalized on the jacket of this insightful volume. Lembke dissects dozens of stories of 'Nam vets being spat on by the anti-war movement at home (usually, legend has it, by a young woman in the San Francisco airport). But even more importantly he eloquently exposes and breaks down who the myth serves, and the importance of accurate recollection:

"...Ironically if the real [emphasis added] Vietnam War had been remembered, the Gulf War might not have been fought. We need to take away the power of political and cultural institutions to mythologize our experiences. We need to show how myths are used by political institutions to manipulate the decision making process. And we need to dispel the power of myths like that of the spat-upon Vietnam veteran by debunking them."

"...instances of attacks of U.S. officers by their own men are all but forgotten in the popular remembrances of the Vietnam War. Many Americans today "know" that GIs were mistreated upon their return from Vietnam. Their images of Vietnam veterans run from the hapless sad sack to the freaky serial killer; for them post-traumatic stress disorder is a virtual synonym for the Vietnam veteran. But they have never heard of "fragging," the practice of soldiers killing their own officers. The true story of the widespread rebellion of troops in Vietnam and the affinity of GIs and veterans for the politics of the left has been lost in the myth of the spat-upon Vietnam veteran."

This is a must read for anyone fighting to keep the real legacies of the Vietnam War alive. Lembcke goes into the history of how important past wars, their veterans, and the common summation of the public, are invaluable in building for support for the next war. He's also got a great filmography and references for further study.

"...How Vietnam is to be remembered looms large on the agenda of the turn-of-the-century legacy studies. Remembered as a war that was lost because of betrayal at home, Vietnam becomes a modern day Alamo that must be avenged, a pretext for more war and generations of more veterans. Remembered as a war in which soldiers and pacifists joined hands to fight for peace, Vietnam symbolizes popular resistance to political authority and the dominant images of what it means to be a good American. By challenging myths like that of the Spat-upon Vietnam veteran, we reclaim our role in the writing of our own history, the construction of our own memory, and the making of our own identity."

StormWarning! five-fist salute to Jerry Lembcke.

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Most Recent Customer Reviews
1.0 out of 5 stars THE BANALITY OF TREASON
This is a review of THE SPITTING IMAGE: MYTH, MEMORY, AND THE LEGACY OF VIETNAM. Mine is the hard cover edition published in 1998 by New York University Press. Read more
Published 15 months ago by John M. Lane
1.0 out of 5 stars An incident
I of an age where I have no political ax to grind either from the far right or far left. Frankly I'm really rather tired of all of the polarizing screeching from both sides. Read more
Published 21 months ago by PD
1.0 out of 5 stars Heard the author promote his book on National Public Radio, several...
I was very upset to hear Jerry promote his book in live interviews on National Public Radio, on more than one occasion, and hear his interview used as a National Public Radio... Read more
Published on April 18, 2011 by Roger
1.0 out of 5 stars Lies
I was in the Infantry, beginning in 1969. I did not go to Viet Nam, although on orders, because my brother, a C130 navigator, was killed shortly before I was to depart. Read more
Published on April 14, 2011 by Richard Aubrey
1.0 out of 5 stars A book written by the flawed and untrue observations of a Vet who...
Well let's see since I an a Vietnam Combat Veteran, former machine gunner and now a 100% disabled combat Veteran I must be imagining these things Jery writes about.. Read more
Published on April 6, 2011 by Gary J. Chenett
5.0 out of 5 stars The Politics of Memory
Starting, with Nixon and Agnew, the Right has used the image of Anti-War protesters spitting on Vietnam Veterans and the Peace Movement being hostile to returning veterans to... Read more
Published on July 16, 2010 by Sean Mulligan
1.0 out of 5 stars Leftist Whitewash by a mental deficient
Gee - a VVAW member gets himself a University position, then does "research" that whitewashes the past of - anti-war protesters of the Vietnam era. Read more
Published on April 6, 2010 by Neil Donovan
2.0 out of 5 stars Flawed Research
Most of Lembke's research is based on newspaper articles and the lack of articles on Vets being spit on. Articles can be found, you just need to look hard. Read more
Published on October 4, 2009 by P. A. Law
3.0 out of 5 stars Excellent points, but over analyzed
I work in a field which often brings me to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC. While at the memorial, I frequently hear tour guides, some of whom I know personally,... Read more
Published on July 21, 2009 by Timothy P. Scanlon
1.0 out of 5 stars Consider the Source
From a letter to the editor of the Globe:

Dear Sirs,
The Globe does its readers a disservice by failing to inform them of the background of Mr. Read more
Published on March 25, 2009 by C. Collins
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