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Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes in the Age of the Machine
 
 
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Things That Make Us Smart: Defending Human Attributes in the Age of the Machine [Hardcover]

Donald A. Norman (Author)
3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 1993
Bestselling scientist Norman explores the nature of memory and knowledge and the representation and display of ideas in all forms, drawing attention to the distinctively human qualities that can be manipulated by machines and which are often threatened by designers who disdain those qualities as "distractable" or "inefficient".

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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Building on the insights of The Design of Everyday Things and Turn Signals Are the Facial Expressions of Automobiles , cognitive scientist Norman continues his lively assault on "machine-centered" design, arguing for appropriate technologies scaled to human need and cognitive capacity. A fellow at Apple Computer, Norman considers poorly or well-designed "cognitive artifacts" ranging from filing cabinets to medical prescriptions and the information displays used on electronic devices. He ponders the frustrations of using telephone voice-messaging systems, faults today's multimedia classrooms for gimmickry and suggests "human-centered" designs for computers, telephones and post-office stamp machines. Readers interested in making the work environment or the task fit the person (instead of the other way around) will find many tips in this thoughtful critique. Illustrated .
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal

By virtue of their design, machines shape the way we relate to the world. Moreover--as anyone who has been annoyed by voice message systems can testify--many technological "advances" that are efficient from the engineering point of view are of dubious value to those who must use them. In this highly readable book, Norman, author of Turn Signals Are the Facial Expres sions of Automobiles (Addison-Wesley, 1992), offers an intriguing look at the nature and characteristics of human intelligence. He argues that it is time for us to adopt a more human-centered perspective and to insist that informational technologies enhance and complement human cognitive capacities rather than undermine them. Entertaining anecdotes, puzzles, graphics, and speculations regarding future possibilities flesh out this wise and witty book. Recommended for academic and public libraries. --Elise Chase, Forbes Lib., Northampton, Mass.
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 290 pages
  • Publisher: Perseus Books (May 1993)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0201581299
  • ISBN-13: 978-0201581294
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.2 x 1.1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.3 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (14 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #319,451 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

Don Norman is a voyeur, always watching, always on the lookout for some common-day occurrence that everyone else takes for granted but that when examined, yields insight into the human condition. (If you are rushing to catch a train, how do you know if you got to the station on time? Empty platform? You probably are too late. People milling about, looking at their watches,peering down the tracks? Probably OK. Who needs technology when people are so informative, even if as an accidental byproduct of their activities.

Business Week has named him one of "the world's most influential designers," the influence from his books, essasys, courses and students, lectures, and consulting.

He takes special delight in the interaction of people and technology. "Turn signals are the facial expressions of automobiles" is the title of his book of essays, which illustrates his philosophy. (Not one of his most popular books, alas. Too quirky even for fans.)

He keeps complaining that he is too busy, as he adds on even more activities. He likes to say that he spends half his time as co-director of Northwestern University's MMM program, the dual degree MBA + Engineering program that emphasizes design and operations, half with the Nielsen Norman group, half writing, and the remaining half serving on advisory boards, such as the editorial advisory board of Encyclopedia Britannica and the Industrial Design Department of Korea's Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), where he is Distinguished Visiting Professor.

He is a fellow of many organizations and former lots of things, including VP at Apple Computer and even President of a startup. He has honorary degrees from the University of Padova (Italy) and the Technical University Delft (the Netherlands). He was awarded the Benjamin Franklin medal in Computer and Cognitive Science. He is known for his books "The Design of Everyday Things," "Emotional Design," and "The Design of Future Things," but he is most proud of his students,, now all over the world, who put into practice his human-centered design philosophy. He is now finishing the book "Sociable Design: How to Manage Complexity," to be published by MIT Press in Fall 2010. He lives at www.jnd.org, where you can find chapters from his books and loads of essays.

 

Customer Reviews

14 Reviews
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3 star:
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Average Customer Review
3.8 out of 5 stars (14 customer reviews)
 
 
 
 
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Most Helpful Customer Reviews

22 of 25 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Easy to understand eye opener, June 11, 2000
By 
This book is easy to read - and should open most peoples eyes a bit more...

It describes how we (mankind) uses external representations to assist our brains - from writing, to diagrams, to maps, to the way we build our offices.

If you want a deeper psychological understanding with which you can do your own reasoning on different types of external representation - get this book. If you want clear-cut guidelines - get another book.

If you like this book - try Normans: The Design of Everydaythings as well. You might like Donald Schöns The Reflective Practitioner also.

Last word: Norman seems to prefer easy reading to structure - which means the book is best read end-to-end.

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24 of 28 people found the following review helpful:
4.0 out of 5 stars From File Cabinets to Video Games; Norman connects, March 27, 2000
In this book, Donald Norman offers a thoughtful examination of the tools, toys and games that we interact with every day. According to Norman these "things that make us smart can also make us dumb." It is the way that we use and interact with these "things" that will determine their effect on our intelligence. Not only does this text offer a comprehensive history of technology tools, but it also examines the evolution of human thought and cognition.

Like Alan Cooper, Norman examines "what is wrong in the design of the technology that requires people to behave in machine-centered ways for which people are not well suited." Norman, however, does not concentrate on the negatives of software design. He presents a look at how we have evolved into our current state in order to make predictions and recommendations about how to proceed into the future.

Norman's study of experiential and reflective cognition should be required reading for any teacher. The study could help both new and veteran users of educational technologies make appropriate choices for the use of different software for different learning opportunities. The section on "optimal flow" is useful for educators, software or game designers and cognitive scientists. Doesn't everybody strive for a "continual flow of focused concentration?"

In his study of the human mind and distributed cognition, Norman examines some of the differences between humans and other species. One of the key distinctions for me was that humans can create tools to help them "overcome the limitations of brainpower." This is where he makes the connection to how things can make us smart. The philosophical nature of this section of the book was very interesting and useful for me. I believe it could help the reader better understand how social learning theory and situated cognition can have an impact on the work of educators and interactive designers.

Overall, this book could be useful for a wide audience of educators, software developers, game designers, interactive designers, cognitive scientists, and students of any of these fields of study. Norman successfully makes connections between many technologies and thought processes. Whether it be the "Wooton Desk and the file cabinet or video games and edutainment, he shows the significance of each and their place in the study of interactive design.

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24 of 29 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Human-Centered, Laments Loss of Reflective Skills, April 7, 2000
Technology can make us smart. Or stupid. It can liberate. Or enslave. Norman joins a select group of thinkers advocating a human-centered approach to technology. Inspired (or, more accurately, depressed) by Jerry Mander, he wrote this book to examine the differences between humans and machines, and to establish some ground rules for policy that protected the one and leveraged the other. Norman notes that when technology is not designed from a human-centered point of view, it produces accidents and more often than not the human is blamed. He focuses especially on the distinction between experiential cognition and reflective cognition, and laments that television and entertainment are swamping us with the experiential and not teaching us the reflective. He is concerned that our ever-lengthening chain of technology dependence is forcing us to deal with ever-increasing loads of information at the same time that it weakens our inherent capabilities further. People first, science second, technology as servant.
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THE GOOD NEWS IS THAT TECHNOLOGY CAN MAKE US SMART. Read the first page
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cups puzzle, pile cabinet, compositional medium, experiential cognition, video mirror, cognitive artifacts, experiential mode, unaided mind, hard technology, tally marks
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United States, San Diego, Post-it Notes, Tower of Hanoi, American Airlines, Los Angeles Times, San Francisco, Sweden Korea Japan Italy Germany France, Chicago World's Fair, Industry Applies, Man Conforms, Science Finds, The Shakespeare Project
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