The Tragedy of the Middle East [Paperback]

Barry Rubin (Author)

Book Description

ISBN-10: 0521603870 | ISBN-13: 978-0521603874 | Publication Date: October 11, 2004 | Edition: 1st Ed

The Middle East has changed clearly, substantially, and dramatically during the last decade. Yet scholarly and public understanding lags far behind recent events. Barry Rubin's historical and political summation of the region shows how events and ideas have both shaped and altered its character. Three interlinked themes are crucial to the book. First, a reinterpretation of the era of recent upheaval the Middle East has just passed through, which the author calls the Era of Radical Expectations. During that period, many Arabs believed that some leader, country, or radical movement would unite the region, solving all its problems. Second, an evaluation of how the historical experience of the period between the 1940s and the 1990s undermined the old system, making change necessary. Third, an analysis of the region today that explains future developments, in what the author terms the Era of Reluctant Pragmatism, as the Middle Eastern societies determine their relationships to the West. Barry Rubin is Director of the Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center of the Interdisciplinary Center in Herziliya, Israel, and editor of the Middle East Review of International Affairs. He is the author of 16 books on the Middle East and has edited another 17 that include the widely reviewed and acclaimed The Transformation of Palestinian Politics (Harvard, 1999) and The Israel-Arab Reader (Penguin/Putnam, 2002)

Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

For a brief period in the 1990s, peace in the Middle East seemed possible. Now that that's over, Rubin seeks to explain what went wrong. In his sixteenth book on the region, he argues that Arab leaders balked at peace because it presented too great a threat to their own power. Blaming external enemies Israel and the United States has long enabled Arab regimes to channel frustration away from their own failures, Rubin writes, and governments across the region reverted to this strategy when peace seemed likely to break out. This is not the first time that Rubin, who is the editor of the Middle East Review of International Affairs, has carefully summed up very recent events. His widely acclaimed 1999 book, The Transformation of Palestinian Politics: From Revolution to State-Building, analyzed the inner workings of the Palestinian Authority. But while the tone of that book was cautiously hopeful, in his new work he sees no realistic path to a brighter future. This is a dense but well-argued read, and timely, too, as Westerners seek an explanation for why most if not all of the September 11th hijackers hail from U.S. allies Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
Copyright 2002 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to the Hardcover edition.

Review

"Barry Rubin has written an important, spirited, mature meditation on the historical baggage of the modern Middle East. It asks the right questions abaut what ails modern Middle East societies. It has sweep and thoroughness. It is not severe in tone, more resigned than judgmental... I find in it a fine balance between concrete, specific data and wider theoretical concerns about politics and culture. Dr. Rubin is a prolific author with wide experience, and this book draws on the work and judgment of a seasoned scholar. Free of jargon, written with considerable clarity and force, this book will earn its place and make its way in the current debate about the ordeal of modernity in that tormented region. Its chapters on anti-Americanism and the 'uncivil society' are quite smart and go against the conventional wisdom. This is an engaging book by an engaged author who really cares about his material and his subject." Fouad Ajami, The John Hopkins University

"Powerfully persuasive. All academic libraries and large public libraries should quickly add this cogent, troubling and inexpensive monograph to their collections." Catholic Library World

"The Tragedy of the Middle East could be the political book most hated by Arabs since Rafael Patai's The Arab Mind in 1973...the book is a powerful one." The Washington Post

"Drawing on his decades of researching the region and his 18 earlier books, Rubin has produced a magisterial overview of the contemporary Middle East. Highly recommended." Choice

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Paperback: 296 pages
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1st Ed edition (October 11, 2004)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0521603870
• ISBN-13: 978-0521603874
• Product Dimensions: 8.8 x 6.4 x 0.7 inches
• Shipping Weight: 13.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (4 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #627,959 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars Good Intro to the Mess that is the Modern Middle East, November 20, 2004

By 

Kirk H Sowell (Washington D.C.) - See all my reviews
(VINE VOICE)    (REAL NAME)   

This review is from: The Tragedy of the Middle East (Hardcover)

Rubin is a specialist in contemporary Middle Eastern politics and terrorism. After an overview that provides some historical background and general explanations for the region's problems backed up by examples (the first 70 pages), there are three chapters devoted to Iraq, Syria and Iran, respectively, and then four chapters dealing with state-sponsored terrorism, the struggle within Islam, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and U.S. foreign policy.

Rubin's analysis contains a good number of insights that make this book more than worth reading. For example, Rubin argues that the ideology of Arab nationalism (or Arabism), historically a rallying cry of Arab unity and strength since the 1950s, has actually been a major source of violence and instability. This is because it has been repeatedly used to justify domestic repression and violent intervention in the affairs of other states. Rubin asks the reader to imagine how much worse Latin America's problems would be if Spanish-speaking countries were constantly plotting against one another, trying to form a region-wide power base. I would put it this way: imagine if Mexico, rather than focusing on its own economic development, were to persue a political union with Columbia, invade Ecuador, and sponsor a coup in Argentina. The region would like more like the Arab world.

My major disagreement with Rubin is that he clearly believes in the popular theory that Arab anti-Americanism (and anti-Semitism/hatred of Israel) is essentially the result of goverment-controlled media fanning the flames of popular passion in order to divert attention away from the failures of Arab governments. There are indeed many examples of this, but it has two flaws. First, this theory does not explain similar responses prior to the rise of modern state media. For example, how to explain the violently anti-British response of Arab populations in the 1920s which had tolerated Ottoman rule for 400 years, when the Britains were no more repressive than the Ottomans and improved material conditions? Second, this theory doesn't explain why independent Muslim media sources tend to be as, if not more, anti-American and pro-terrorist than official media. Rubin analyzes Al-Jazeera, which is quasi-independent, but does not explain how so many independent sources, including educated Arabs living in the West, hold views like those expressed by official Arab media.

The underlying source of the regions' passions must lie elsewhere, and I would point to two. The first is the political psychology of Islam, which makes any non-Muslim power in the Middle East unpopular, however beneficial it might be. The second is the general tendency of all peoples, Muslim or otherwise, to resent the rise of a dominant power from another culture. This is especially true for a people like the Arabs, who have a long and proud historical memory of powerful Arab and Islamic empires (i.e. the Abbasids). The theory that region's anti-Americanism results from bad goverments is conforting because it suggests a (relatively) easy solution - get rid of the governments. But if the problem has to do with underlying culture, then you have a much greater problem, and we do.

The fact that the book has Saddam Hussein on the cover makes it appear somewhat anachronistic, but all of the problems and issues that Rubin addresses are still there, and I don't have a problem recommending it.

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars An excellent book about the modern Middle East, January 27, 2005

By 

Jill Malter ([e-mail]) - See all my reviews

This review is from: The Tragedy of the Middle East (Hardcover)

Rubin makes some excellent points in this book.

One topic he addresses is the failure of the Camp David peace talks between Israel, led by Barak, and Arafat. Some people think the talks failed because the Arabs refused to offer peace. Some think they failed because the Israelis failed to make any serious concessions to achieve peace. I happen to think that they failed for two reasons: the Israelis were never offered the only thing they wanted, namely peace, and the Arabs were offered land and a state, neither of which they actually wanted.

Rubin disagrees with all these ideas. He states that the immediate problem was that a settlement was indeed close. And it was the threat of peace that scared the Arab side. Peace might destabilize Arab regimes. And given that Arab leaders had spent years crafting an extremist public opinion, they now chose to let that public opinion scuttle negotiations. I think this is an interesting possibility.

The author also reminds us that "terrorism is not a weapon of the poor or oppressed but a carefully thought out revolutionary tactic."

Rubin quotes a couple of Arabs who say that from a practical standpoint, Arabs would be better off making peace. After all, it is unlikely that the more extreme Arabs will achieve all their demands, some of which are quite unreasonable. And they are ignoring the balance of forces. But Rubin explains that in this situation, Arabs are indeed ignoring the balace of forces.

I would go further than that. First, I would note that part of the Arab demands happen to be to deprive Jews and others of rights to life, liberty, and property. Such demands are arbitrary. Next, I would note that Arab demands happen to include the theft of Levantine land from the land-poor. Even if these demands are met now, in the long run, non-Arabs will almost surely buy even more Levantine land than they now have, and keep it. And finally, I do agree with the implication that anti-peace Arabs are regarding war as something desirable in and of itself, even if the balance of forces is very poor.

The author quotes a poll taken by al-Jazeera in 2001 which asked which was worse, Zionism or Nazism. I found this interesting. You see, I regard Zionism, which is simply Jewish nationalism, as the application of human rights for everyone, including Jews. Given that I support human rights, I support Zionism. And I regard Nazism as opposition to human rights. But how would the majority of Arabs see it? Many of them supported the Nazis. And many are against human rights for themselves, against human rights for Women, against human rights for minorities, and against Jewish rights in particular. Obviously, quite a few Arabs oppose human rights, and might well like Nazism and dislike Zionism.

Anyway, the poll came out with 84.6% preferring Nazism (saying Zionism was worse than Nazism), 2.7% preferring Zionism, and 11.1% regarding them equally "bad." I guess the rest had no opinion.

Rubin concludes that the tendency towards anti-American politics in Arab lands is hurting Arab people in general. So are anti-Western, anti-American, and anti-Israeli lies. And those who purport to champion the "Arab Cause" are in fact adding to Arab misery.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Extremely Useful in Providing Context for ME Conflicts, September 21, 2006

By 

N. Fowler (Miami, Florida) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   

This review is from: The Tragedy of the Middle East (Paperback)

Contrary to the previous reader review, I found the book extremely useful in providing a context for understanding the current ME conflicts. Clearly, when individuals harbor the feelings of the previous reviewer, we in America who believe in the continuation of our democracy need to be reading as much as we can that will enlighten us to what fuels the hatred of democracy and the United States.