Customer Reviews

Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction

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Just over ten years ago, I was holed up in the University of Colorado at Boulder's Norlin library, researching interactive fiction. I was a grad student in English, and had a final paper due in my Literary Theory class. Activision had recently released the Lost Treasures of Infocom bundle, reawakening my childhood love of IF, and I felt inspired to write a paper that connected reader-response theory to the actual reader-responsiveness of text adventures. I wanted to cite and to engage with previous academic work on IF, but unfortunately, though unsurprisingly, it had received very little serious critical attention. Sure, I found a few articles here and there, but what I really needed was something substantial, something that offered a critical vocabulary for talking about interactive fiction, that placed it in a literary context, and that presented a basic history of the form.

What I needed was Nick Montfort's TWISTY LITTLE PASSAGES. How strange and funny that ten years later, the paper I wrote for that class finds itself cited in the first book-length academic treatment of interactive fiction. Sure, the citation only occurs in a passing (and correct) dismissal of reader-response theory as anything but a very limited way into talking about IF, but it makes me feel like part of history nonetheless. Montfort's book is just what IF needs to establish its rightful place the scholarly discourse surrounding electronic literature, and indeed literature, full stop. It never fails to be informative, and frequently succeeds at being sharply insightful about the literary elements of IF.

However, TWISTY LITTLE PASSAGES is quite suitable for readers outside the ivory tower as well. Though the book is clearly aimed at an academic audience, Montfort's prose is blessedly jargon-free, clear, and effective, with generous doses of humor thrown in for good measure. Even in its most theoretical moments, the book manages to balance impressive rigor with unfailing clarity, a feat all too rare in literary theory. Consequently, it's an entertaining read for general audiences and English professors alike.

Just the bibliography alone is a noteworthy achievement; Montfort has synthesized the already extant body of formal IF scholarship and mainstream coverage with much of the important amateur IF theory produced by people like Graham Nelson and Emily Short, along with a range of other contributions from the IF community and pieces covering the book's other concerns, including riddles and computer science. In addition, there is a formidable collection of IF works cited, a list comprising much of the most influential IF of the past thirty years.

Something else that the bibliography makes clear is the value of Montfort's personal connections. It's peppered with references to emails and personal conversations with some of the leading lights of IF history: Robert Pinsky, Graham Nelson, Steve Meretzky, and others. Montfort's ability to gather such firsthand information highlights one of the most important things about TWISTY LITTLE PASSAGES: not only is it the first book-length treatment of interactive fiction, is the first formal treatment I've seen that approaches IF from the inside out, rather than from the position of a quizzical spectator. Montfort's extensive experience in both the academic and IF communities lend him a brand of authority that previous commentators on IF lacked.

If you're an IF aficionado like me, you'll find TWISTY LITTLE PASSAGES enlightening and fun, and if there's anyone in your life who genuinely wants to know what interactive fiction is and why they should care, hand them this book.

I like this book. I really do, but I'm a nerd. It's very, very dense. it reads like a long research paper on text-adventure games. But that's because it basically is a research paper on text adventures. However if you like a serious approach to the history of gaming then this book is a great pick up and read. If you're looking for some light techno-babble about how awesome video games are, it's not this. This is not so much a beach read, but it's an interesting experience.

Twisty Little Passages, by Nick Montfort, addresses a much needed gap in gaming analysis and history: that of interactive fiction. The precursor to Multi-User Dungeons, interactive fiction was a form of text-based interactive game that sprang to life in tandem with the rise of the personal computer. Single player in scope but capable of taking its players anywhere the programmers could imagine, it relied primarily on the written word to share its world. Although the games initially started with VERB NOUN responses (e.g., "get book", "read book", etc.), they eventually advanced to natural language parsers.

Throughout the book is a history of interactive fiction and its development through the eighties and nineties. It also analyzes the comparisons between hypertext fiction and interactive fiction and the inequalities in how the two or treated. If you can't guess, interactive fiction isn't treated very well.

Montfort seems to have an axe to grind, citing shoddy research that conflates certain interactive fiction as being fantasy adventure games and confuses the origins of Adventure (or ADVENT). Montfort corrects all these misperceptions and more through personal interviews with Will Crowther, creator of Adventure, and Dave Lebling, one of the creators of Zork.

Twisty Little Passages seeks to redress these inconsistencies, positing that interactive fiction is more than just a game but a form of literature in its own right. Montfort makes a convincing argument, but then as an administrator of RetroMUD for over a decade, I'm one of the converted. It's unlikely that literature snobs are reading his book.

Although occasionally defensive in tone, Montfort's retrospect and analysis of interactive fiction is a welcome addition to any game developer's library. It's important to know what went before, and this book addresses an important part of gaming history that has been all but forgotten.

This is certainly an informative book, no question. It delves into some of the greats of Interactive Fiction but it reads like a PHD thesis, and if that's the kind of reading you're into, and you truly love interactive fiction, this is the book for you.

But there's nothing can suck the love out of a subject as much as dry, academic writing with bracketed source notations every few sentences.

Spending a goodly portion of the beginning of the book defining just what the heck Interactive Fiction is is unnecessary and esoteric. A few paragraphs of real English would have covered what Montfort took chapters to do in dry, academic speak.

Still, his individual delvings into some of the classics were detailed and appreciated, even if those chapters themselves were somewhat dryly- and dully-written, the subject matter itself kept me interested, as I love those classic games.

It's clear he knows his IF history, and it's clear he's played many of the best games in the genre. If you're interested in an academic study of Interactive Fiction, as I said, this is it.

I was just wishing he had written about the subject with as much love and passion as he appears to have for the subject. Alas, this was written as if to please a committee of thesis adjudicators.

Steve Meretzky's review is right on. This book surely makes you want to fire up a computer and start writing IF. It sure made me want to dive into a good INFOCOM game again, as I still do quite often.

Another great in the field, Graham Nelson, author of INFORM and some of the best games out there, is also right in what this book can achieve, but I just wish it did so in text as elloquent as either of these writers has produced. Two of my heroes. I've played just about everything Meretzky's produced in the genre, and I'm currently using INFORM and reading through Nelson's excellent Inform Designers' Manual 4.

I hope my review doesn't discourage you from a discovery of some of the most inventive and fun games in existence, long before there were anything like realistic graphics on computers, as these games are well worth discovering. I just wish someone would convince Montfort to rewrite it with an audience in mind who prefers reading to grading stuffy term papers. Perhaps if he had a good ghost writer...

Sean Huxter.
Long-time IF fan.

"Twisty little passages" does a good job of summarizing and critiquing interactive fiction to date, from early beginnings with systems like Zork all the way through to modern contest based IF works. Historical parallels, such as riddles, are also mentioned and related to the whole.

However, if you're looking for something which looks into boarder textual contexts like MUDs and MOOs, you'll find these only briefly mentioned. Probably essential reading if you're really into interactive fiction, but not something which I regard as being seminal in the larger body of work related to games, interactive media, and the like.