War without Mercy: PACIFIC WAR [Paperback]

John Dower (Author)

Book Description

Release date: February 12, 1987 | ISBN-10: 0075416522 | ISBN-13: 978-0075416524

WINNER OF THE NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD
 
AN AMERICAN BOOK AWARD FINALIST
 
Now in paperback, War Without Mercy has been hailed by The New York Times as “one of the most original and important books to be written about the war between Japan and the United States.” In this monumental history, Professor John Dower reveals a hidden, explosive dimension of the Pacific War—race—while writing what John Toland has called “a landmark book . . . a powerful, moving, and evenhanded history that is sorely needed in both America and Japan.”
 
Drawing on American and Japanese songs, slogans, cartoons, propaganda films, secret reports, and a wealth of other documents of the time, Dower opens up a whole new way of looking at that bitter struggle of four and a half decades ago and its ramifications in our lives today. As Edwin O. Reischauer, former ambassador to Japan, has pointed out, this book offers “a lesson that the postwar generations need most . . . with eloquence, crushing detail, and power.”

Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

Dower's premise in War without Mercy is a startling one: Though Western allies were clearly headed for victory, pure racism fueled the continuation and intensification of hostilities in the Pacific theater during the final year of World War II, a period that saw as many casualties as in the first five years of the conflict combined. Dower doesn't reach this disturbing conclusion lightly. He combed through piles of propaganda films, news articles, military documents, cartoons--even entries in academic journals in researching this book. Though his case is strong, Dower minimizes other factors, such as the protracted negotiations between the West and the Japanese.

From Publishers Weekly

One of the most disturbing examples of racism in the Pacific War was the execution of Allied POWs by the Japanese while American planes were dropping bombs on Tokyothis on the final day of the war, a year after Japan's defeat was assured. Dower, professor of Japanese history at UC San Diego, traces in rich detail the development of racism on both sides of the Pacific, including an analysis of wartime propaganda comparing Frank Capra's "Why We Fight" films with their Japanese counterparts. The book leaves no room for doubt about the intensity of racial loathing among all, and shows that its effects were virtually identical. This startling work of scholarship has a larger theme, however, than racially inspired atrocities in the Pacific theater. Dower examines the abrupt transition from what he describes as "a bloody racist war" to an amicable postwar relationship between the two countries, and notes that the stereotypes that fed superpatriotism and racial hatred were surprisingly adaptable to cooperation in peacetime. This phase of the relationship was followedin an instance of considerable historical ironyby an "economic Pearl Harbor," as Japan won victory after victory in the global trade wars and an entrepreneurial superpower was perceived as looming on the Pacific horizon. Japan's postwar accomplishments having shattered the teacher-pupil model that defined the countries' postwar relationship, pejorative stereotypes have been resurrected and applied to the battlefields of commerce. To cite one of the mildest of Dower's examples: 89% of Australian executives polled in 1984 considered the Japanese untrustworthy and devious. Those concerned with the seductive power and universal influence of racism in the 20th century will find this landmark study absorbing and essential. Photos.
Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Paperback: 416 pages
• Publisher: Pantheon (February 12, 1987)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0075416522
• ISBN-13: 978-0075416524
• ASIN: 0394751728
• Product Dimensions: 6.3 x 1.3 x 9.2 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 3.6 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (54 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #118,697 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

John W. Dower is professor emeritus of history at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His interests lie in modern Japanese history and U.S.-Japan relations. He is the author of several books, including Ways of Forgetting, War Without Mercy, Cultures of War, and Embracing Defeat, which received numerous honors (including the Pulitzer Prize).

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

136 of 158 people found the following review helpful

3.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating and informative, but overstated July 31, 1999

By A Customer

Format:Paperback

Overall, this book presents a side of the Second World War with which most Americans are unfamiliar and may find shocking. It does a valuable service in exposing many of the prejudices of the time and especially in showing how those prejudices were at least partly responsible for the string of debacles endured by U.S. and other allied forces in the war's opening stages. It also does a very good job of giving the reader a glimpse of the kind of thinking that was prevalent in Japanese society prior to and during the war. In this sense it is an extremely important work and is highly recommended to anyone with a serious interest in the Pacific Theater. However, having said that, I will also say that the author overplays his hand and puts far too much emphasis on the role of racism, portraying it as the primary cause of the war and of the evils that transpired during its execution. As a result, it has a tendency to explain away a good many complex issues that deserve a fuller treatment. It also falls prey to one of the great pitfalls of almost all modern analyses of relations between Japan and America, namely the idea that in order to be balanced one must give equal weight to both sides in any argument. As a result, one might come away from reading this book with the idea that Japan and the United States were essentially of equivalent culpability and that their respective leaders were of a moral kind. This is an absolutely absurd notion, and one that seems to have taken root in more and more of the academic work that is being published recently. Nowhere is Dower's judgment with regard to the impacts of racism more questionable than in his conclusion, where he tries to explain away contemporary (1980's) trade frictions as the result of race hatreds.... This pathetic and obvious red herring does little more than to serve as an apologia for a Japanese elite that has been doing anything its it power to prevent its very real and well documented (see Karel Van Wolferen's "The Enigma of Japanese Power," Clyde Prestowitz's "Trading Places," and Pat Choate's "Agents of Influence" for more) outrages with regard to its bilateral trade relationship with the United States from coming to light. Nonetheless, as I wrote earlier, I do recommend it for anyone with an interest in the Pacific Theater of the Second World War, but with the caveats that it should under no circumstances be treated as a comprehensive work and that its aforementioned shortcomings be kept in mind as one reads it. When Dower sticks to the subject of his book, without engaging in too much reckless speculation, he suceeds admirably in creating a readable and sometimes shocking history, boldly exposing in a way that few other books have even attempted, the dark side of "The Good War." Read more ›

50 of 56 people found the following review helpful

5.0 out of 5 stars A book to set you thinking about the present August 2, 2006

By M. Feldman TOP 1000 REVIEWERVINE™ VOICE

Format:Paperback

War Without Mercy is not a comprehensive history of the Pacific War; if that's what you want, look elsewhere. Neither is it an "apologist's" account of the American conduct of the war, as some reviewers have suggested. If your mindset is "the Japanese deserved to suffer," don't read this book. If, however, you are interested in how racial stereotypes--views of the enemy as subhuman, primitive, childlike, animalistic, and so on--play a role in wartime, then read Dower's scholarly, engaging account of how the Americans thought about the Japanese and how the Japanese thought about the Americans. Dower never minimizes the atrocities perpetrated by the Japanese as they set about conquering other Asian countries and building their Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, but he provides a brand new perspective on why the Allies despised the Japanese as a people far more than they did the Germans. Not only will this book help you to understand how the dehumanization of the enemy makes possible the devastation of civilian populations, it will also make you think about the stereotypes of the enemy we encounter every day as the U.S. continues to fight wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

41 of 48 people found the following review helpful

4.0 out of 5 stars A reflection of ourselves by looking at the enemy July 23, 2000

By TG Smith

Format:Paperback

Most of us read in school about how the peoples of War-era Japan or the former Soviet Union were manipulated by the press and other media. This book is about the subtle and not-so-subtle media manipulation in the US and Japan during the War in the Pacific.

In many ways, the media messages in the respective countries mirrored each other. For example, both Japan and the US looked upon each other as simian others. That is to say, the Japanese portrayed Americans as large apes and we portrayed them as monkeys. Another aspect of the war-time propaganda that the book explores is how each side used the protection of their country's women from the rapacious enemy as cause to fight.

Many other examples of how we and our enemy de-humanized the other to make killing easier are presented throughout the text. The book includes many images of political cartoons and magazine covers that are shocking in their brutal stereotyping of the enemy. It is somewhat ironic that two countries which claimed to be so different from each other could make that claim in such similar ways.

If you are interested in the Pacific War or about how propaganda was used in either the US or Japan, I would highly recommend this book

14 of 17 people found the following review helpful

4.0 out of 5 stars Interesting and Fair August 4, 2002

By R. Albin TOP 500 REVIEWER

Format:Paperback

This interesting book is an analysis of racist ideology in the conflict between the Allies and Japan in WWII. The author is a distinguished scholar known well for his innovative work on modern Japan. As other reviewers comment, this book presupposes a significant knowledge of WWII; readers new to this area will find themselves at sea. The book contains 2 essentially parallel components; analysis of Western racist thinking about the Japanese and analysis of Japanese racist thinking about the West. Treatment of both areas is systematic and fair. Dower uses a broad range of material to investigate these issues, including study of the usual historical materials like diplomatic documents, study of scholarly work done during WWII, and study of mass media. He attempts to provide a nuanced picture of this problem and is largely successful. For example, he has an interesting discussion of efforts by notable scholars, mainly anthropologists like the famous Ruth Benedict, to provide information useful to military and government. Some of this work was insightful and some, like the Freudian analyses of Japanese culture, ludicrous. It is important to note that this is not a volume driven by a naive conception that racism was responsible for the war but Dower argues convincingly that racism, on both sides, colored the conflict and gave the war in the Pacific and Southeast Asia a particular character. The section on Japan is probably the most interesting because it is hte least familiar to most readers. Dower shows very well the pervasive and distinctive character of Japanese racism, which differed significantly in character and origins from Western racism. Dower may underestimate inadvertantly somewhat the impact of Japanese racism.... He shows very well that Japanese racism extended to other Asian ethnic groups and reviews the extensive evidence about the enormous casulties, particularly in China, inflicted by Japanese Imperialism. Since the focus of this book is not on the Japanese Empire in Asia but rather on the conflict with the US, Great Britain, and Australia, this extremely important topic does not get as much attention as it should. The last chapter of the book, in which Dower deals with the Occupation and also with modern attitudes is problematic. Dower points out that despite the ideology of hate and racism, the Occupation was relatively benign and that the Japanese actually embraced all the important changes imposed by the victors (see his excellent book, Embracing Defeat, on this topic). Dower suggests that aspects of the racist ideologies of both sides were flexible enough to incorporate elements that would encourage benign paternalism by the Americans and acceptance of outside innovation by the Japanese. This is a tenable hypothesis but an alternative hypothesis is that the racist ideologies were never that important. The last chapter is also dated. Written in the mid-80s, at the height of Japanese economic triumphalism, the last chapter contains discussions about attitudes that now seem rather dated. Read more ›