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Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich [Paperback]

Kevin Phillips
3.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (138 customer reviews)

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Book Description

April 8, 2003
For more than thirty years, Kevin Phillips' insight into American politics and economics has helped to make history as well as record it. His bestselling books, including The Emerging Republican Majority (1969) and The Politics of Rich and Poor (1990), have influenced presidential campaigns and changed the way America sees itself. Widely acknowledging Phillips as one of the nation's most perceptive thinkers, reviewers have called him a latter-day Nostradamus and our "modern Thomas Paine." Now, in the first major book of its kind since the 1930s, he turns his attention to the United States' history of great wealth and power, a sweeping cavalcade from the American Revolution to what he calls "the Second Gilded Age" at the turn of the twenty-first century.

The Second Gilded Age has been staggering enough in its concentration of wealth to dwarf the original Gilded Age a hundred years earlier. However, the tech crash and then the horrible events of September 11, 2001, pointed out that great riches are as vulnerable as they have ever been. In Wealth and Democracy, Kevin Phillips charts the ongoing American saga of great wealth–how it has been accumulated, its shifting sources, and its ups and downs over more than two centuries. He explores how the rich and politically powerful have frequently worked together to create or perpetuate privilege, often at the expense of the national interest and usually at the expense of the middle and lower classes.

With intriguing chapters on history and bold analysis of present-day America, Phillips illuminates the dangerous politics that go with excessive concentration of wealth. Profiling wealthy Americans–from Astor to Carnegie and Rockefeller to contemporary wealth holders–Phillips provides fascinating details about the peculiarly American ways of becoming and staying a multimillionaire. He exposes the subtle corruption spawned by a money culture and financial power, evident in economic philosophy, tax favoritism, and selective bailouts in the name of free enterprise, economic stimulus, and national security.

Finally, Wealth and Democracy turns to the history of Britain and other leading world economic powers to examine the symptoms that signaled their declines–speculative finance, mounting international debt, record wealth, income polarization, and disgruntled politics–signs that we recognize in America at the start of the twenty-first century. In a time of national crisis, Phillips worries that the growing parallels suggest the tide may already be turning for us all.


From the Hardcover edition.

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Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich + American Theocracy: The Peril and Politics of Radical Religion, Oil, and Borrowed Money in the 21st Century + Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, and the Global Crisis ofAmerican Capitalism
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Editorial Reviews

Amazon.com Review

Most American conservatives take it as an article of faith that the less governmental involvement in affairs of the market and pocketbook the better. The rich do not, whatever they might say--for much of their wealth comes from the "power and preferment of government." So writes Kevin Phillips, the accomplished historian and one-time Washington insider, in this extraordinary survey of plutocracy, excess, and reform. "Laissez-faire is a pretense," he argues; as the wealth of the rich has grown, so has its control over government, making politics a hostage of money. Examining cycles of economic growth and decline from the founding days of the republic to the recent collapse of technology stocks, Phillips dispels notions of trickle-down wealth creation, pricks holes in speculative bubbles, and decries the ever-increasing "financialization" of the economy--all of which, he argues, have served to reduce the well-being of ordinary Americans and government alike. Highly readable for all its charts and graphs, Phillips's book offers a refreshing--and, of course, controversial--blend of economic history and social criticism. His conclusions won't please all readers, but just about everyone who comes to his pages will feel hackles rising. --Gregory McNamee --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

From Publishers Weekly

The influence of money on government is now, more then ever, a hot political issue. With a grand historical sweep that covers more than three centuries, Phillips's astute analysis of the effects of wealth and capital upon democracy is both eye-opening and disturbing. While his main thrust is an examination of "the increasing reliance of the American economy on finance," Phillips weaves a far wider, nuanced tapestry. Carefully building his arguments with telling detail (the growth of investment capitalism in Elizabethan England was essentially the result of privateering and piracy) and statistical evidence, he charts a long, exceptionally complicated history of interplay between governance and the accumulation of wealth. Explicating late-20th-century U.S. capitalism, for instance, by drawing comparisons to the technological advances and ensuing changes in commerce in the Renaissance, he also discusses how 18th-century Spanish colonialism is relevant to how "lending power began to erode... broad prosperity" in 1960s and '70s America. Finding detailed correspondences between the giddy greediness of America's Gilded Age (complete with a surprising quote from Walt Whitman "my theory includes riches and the getting of riches") and the "great technology mania and bubble of the 1990s," Phillips (The Cousins' War, etc.), noted NPR political analyst, notes that "the imbalance of wealth and democracy in the United States is unsustainable," as it was in highly nationalistic mid-18th-century Holland and late-19th-century Britain both of which underwent major social and political upheaval from the middle and underclasses. Lucidly written, scrupulously argued and culturally wide-ranging, this is an important and deeply original analysis of U.S. history and economics.
Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

Product Details

  • Paperback: 496 pages
  • Publisher: Broadway Books (April 8, 2003)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0767905342
  • ISBN-13: 978-0767905343
  • Product Dimensions: 6.2 x 1.1 x 9.3 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (138 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #284,828 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews
426 of 445 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Premise of author is correct August 23, 2002
By A Customer
Format:Hardcover
Not much that I can add that other reviewers haven't already stated.The fact is that most of the wealth in America is controlled by only 2% of the population and the rest of us are dancing to it.It's time for Americans to get mad and do something about it. This book is a real eye opener.
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338 of 353 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Don't attack W&D untill you have read it. June 7, 2003
By A Customer
Format:Paperback
1 star reviewers, at least do Mr. Phllips the dignity of reading the book before you bash it. Keep in mind that Phillips is a republican and as an American, has the virtue of freedom of speech. Read the book and then come back and state your "opinions."Or----are your minds so frozen that you cannot accept any other viewpoints than whay you percieve to be true?Read it first!
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108 of 111 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Working more/living less March 29, 2003
Format:Hardcover
Have we seen the apex of American economic hegemony? Kevin Phillips makes a compelling case that as we enter the 21st Century the United States mirrors many of the historical aspects of previous economic powers in decline. And what is most startling, Phillips provides quotes and historical vignettes showing that the citizens of those powers pilloried anyone who critized the increasing wealth inequality that precedes the downfall of those nations (not unlike the unsubstantiated negative reviews on this page).

The thesis of "Wealth and Democracy" is that wealth inequality is bad for democracy, and viewed historically has always presaged the decline of previous world powers: Hapsburg Spain, the 17th and 18th century Dutch, 19th century Britian. Of course, our current leaders and their supporters make strong arguments that our political and economic systems are superior and therefore less likely to experience detumescence. The author warns that this argument is not unique. "Cocksure Americans were hardly the first to think themsleves immune from prior history."

In "Wealth and Democracy," Phillips takes us through that history and examines the paralells to the modern American dependence on financial institutions and the ways in which money limits access to all three branches of government. It is both enlightening and disheartening. The author says the U.S. can now be called a plutocracy. "The United States remain[s] what comparisons ha[ve] clearly shown: the most polarized and inequality-ridden of the major Western nations."

In fact, what is most troublesome about the myriad statistics in this book is our comparison to other economically advanced nations....

Phillips is a trenchant student of economic history. I highly recommend this book. The only reason I do not give it the highest rating is because I think some of the history may be esoteric. My rating is really 4 1/2 stars--a near classic.

There are those who will attack Philllips' personal and political motives. And others will say his book causes more harm than good because its arguments can be used by those engaged in class warfare. But Phillips has an answer for them as well: "'Class warfare,' however, is a false description, a perverse conservative borrowing from Karl Marx."

For anyone interested in a thorough and insightful discussion of wealth and agressive economic power in United States history, this is an excellent book. If you read the poor reviews, I think you will see that they show a general dislike for hard truths much more than a substantive critique of a well-reasoned and meticulously detailed thesis. Read more ›

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230 of 251 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Hydrodynamics of the money river May 21, 2002
Format:Hardcover
Liberals hoping to find in this book a rousing trumpet call to tear down the bastions of entrenched privilege will be disappointed. There is more sober description on offer here than prescription. Conservatives remembering Kevin Phillip's prescient 1969 advice ("The Emerging Republican Majority") on how the GOP could dominate the rest of the century will be even more disappointed; Phillips sees the time as ripe for a progressive realignment that will bring nothing but pain to the Lott/Armey axis.

The book recounts, at two different scales, the history of wealth and the elites to which it has accumulated. The shorter scale is that of American political cycles, with revolving eras of conservative wealth concentration and progressive wealth distribution. The longer scale concerns the cycle of rise and fall of the four great economic empires of modern history: Spain in the 17th century, Holland in the 18th, Britain in the 19th, and the U.S. in the 20th. He returns to each series of cycles repeatedly, with an emphasis on different aspects of the cycles: the roles of technology, of wars, of speculative bubbles, of fashions in legislation and ideology. The repetition occasionally threatens tedium, but fresh details rise up to relieve it. Along the way, he provides a feast of specifics and statistics, in easily accessible charts which the reader will find useful whether or not he agrees with Phillips' conclusions.

The message he gleans from the shorter scale is a familiar one, if something of a minority report in the current era. Money flows. In hard times, it trickles; in boom times, it roars in cataracts. At no time, as he richly documents, has its motion ever been determined primarily by "market forces." It has always been pumped from pocket to pocket by the grace of government....

And money has proven to be a highly compressible fluid. During each of America's great wars - the Revolution, the Civil War, and the two World Wars - profits have been compressed and pooled among a few suppliers of loans and materiel, creating new moneyed elites. In those eras which have exalted "the market" - the Gilded Age, the roaring twenties, and our current period - government has pumped the refreshing liquid from the middle class to those elites; in eras exalting reform and democracy - the political realignments of Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln, and the two Roosevelts - the direction has been reversed, though never to the point of actually dismantling the old fortunes.

Inequality of wealth in the U.S. has now reached the highest levels we've enjoyed since 1929, with the top 1% owning 44% of the goodies. And of course, the primary purpose and effect of the Bush tax cuts is to pump a still higher percentage to the same elite. The inequality peak may not yet be in sight, the figure at the height of the Gilded Age having been about 60%; but history informs us that ultimately these levels of inequality aren't sustainable. Phillips doesn't venture to say how long it will be until the next realignment; but each time it has happened, the suddenness and vehemence of middle class anger has taken the rich elite by surprise.

On the broader scale of national fall and rise, the message is more somber: Phillips believes we are on the cusp of a fall. He lists ten characteristics shared by Spain, Holland, and England on the brink of decline (most notably, growing income disparity, export of manufacturing with profits coming largely from the financial sector, and vigorous rejection of tarriffs), all of which are plainly rampant in the present U.S. economy.

It's difficult to walk away from this book with a sound bite summary. Our author is examining complex interlocked patterns across centuries. What you'll walk away with is an enlarged perspective, and perhaps a worried mind. Read more ›

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53 of 54 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Facts & Data ... Add Up To Troubling Times February 21, 2003
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Like another recent reader from Seattle, I've just started the book ... I picked it up because the author was featured in Sunday's Seattle Times op-ed section. [I may change the star rating after completion]

As some others have said, much of it is dry reading. There are extensive charts, facts and data. I am annoyed that there are citations (notes) at the end of the book -- with numbers for each -- but the cite does not appear in the text [like this].

This is "economics" in that Phillips examines Money and Wealth. This is not "economics" in the sense of collegiate econ101 (I have a master's degree in economics).

As someone who once-upon-a-time worshiped Ayn Rand and the "free-market" ... I have evolved to become a skeptic. I no longer believe that the philosophical prerequisites for "free market" economics exist (if they ever did - and if you don't know what I'm referencing and think you believe in "the free-market" I suggest you do some reading).

The book suggests that wealth breeds both more wealth and _political access_ ... and that technological innovations (munitions, railroads, autos, aerospace, mass production, pharmaecuticals, computers/internet, etc) are aided and abbetted by the hand of government ... and, while they _may_ serve to create new wealth, it seems that more often "wealth" becomes entrenched wealth.

If the following data don't cause you consternation -- then save your pocketbook (and aspirin!) and forgo this book:

-- begin dry facts --
1870: top 1% of Americans own/control ~20% of the country wealth
1912: top 1% of Americans own/control 56.
... Read more ›
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
2.0 out of 5 stars Only A Cursory Historical Account
Phillips' Wealth and Democracy seems written like a series of lengthy magazine articles about wealth makers and wealth takers. Read more
Published 4 months ago by Len Garden
4.0 out of 5 stars Materialism and the Decline of Culture
The author presents interesting empirical parallels between the economic and class characteristics of the British empire during its decline and similar empirical characteristics in... Read more
Published 9 months ago by Thomas A. Mcdonald
5.0 out of 5 stars THE NEW OLD DEAL
I can't add much to what's already been said. However once you read this book you will understand only too well how the Rich get rich and how they get richer. Read more
Published 19 months ago by JOBLESSNUSA
4.0 out of 5 stars Keep your eye on the ball.....history people!!
I find it comical that many of those trashing the book for being biased are displaying at least as much bias in their reviews. Read more
Published 23 months ago by Mankhost
5.0 out of 5 stars awesome collection of facts
First, I'd like to say it's intensely amusing to read all of the 1 star reviews in a row. I'd say there were at most three authors, and maybe just one dedicated crank. Read more
Published on February 6, 2011 by dougbo
5.0 out of 5 stars A fantastic work.
For the purposes of this review, I will separate my comments on the book itself from my evaluation of its conclusions. Any commenters please direct criticisms accordingly. Read more
Published on October 29, 2009 by D. Shaw
3.0 out of 5 stars Interesting But .....
I have now read the author , Kevin Phillips' books : Wealth and Democracy, American Dynasty :
The Bush Family, Bad Money, and finally, The Politics of Rich and Poor. Read more
Published on September 1, 2009 by libertarian reader
5.0 out of 5 stars read it and learn about the USA and wealth...
Great read if you want to know the inside story....interesting read it from start to finish in two days.
Published on June 29, 2009 by Rick Johnson
5.0 out of 5 stars The Close Relationship Between the Rich and Politics.
In this large book Kevin Phillips takes the reader on a lesson of economics and politics. Much of the history in WEALTH AND DEMOCRACY is of the American variety. Read more
Published on January 15, 2009 by J.L. Populist
3.0 out of 5 stars important issues, terrible writing
This book has been a slow read due to the author's disorganized writing and liberal use of big words for no apparent reason. Read more
Published on August 4, 2008 by Mr. Juan Liska
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