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Wetware: A Computer in Every Living Cell [Hardcover]

Dennis Bray
4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (15 customer reviews)


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Book Description

May 26, 2009 0300141734 978-0300141733 First Edition

How does a single-cell creature, such as an amoeba, lead such a sophisticated life? How does it hunt living prey, respond to lights, sounds, and smells, and display complex sequences of movements without the benefit of a nervous system? This book offers a startling and original answer.

In clear, jargon-free language, Dennis Bray taps the findings of the new discipline of systems biology to show that the internal chemistry of living cells is a form of computation. Cells are built out of molecular circuits that perform logical operations, as electronic devices do, but with unique properties. Bray argues that the computational juice of cells provides the basis of all the distinctive properties of living systems: it allows organisms to embody in their internal structure an image of the world, and this accounts for their adaptability, responsiveness, and intelligence.

In Wetware, Bray offers imaginative, wide-ranging and perceptive critiques of robotics and complexity theory, as well as many entertaining and telling anecdotes. For the general reader, the practicing scientist, and all others with an interest in the nature of life, the book is an exciting portal to some of biology’s latest discoveries and ideas.



Editorial Reviews

Review

"A provocative topic engaged in fine style by an author in full command of the relevant facts and history. This is a very interesting book."—Dale Purves, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University
(Dale Purves )

“A beautifully written journey into the mechanics of the world of the cell, and even beyond, exploring the analogy with computers in a surprising way. This book is full of new insights. Dennis Bray is master of his wetware.”—Denis Noble, author of The Music of Life
(Denis Noble )

“Bray has already done a great service.... Wetware will get the reader thinking.”—Science
(Science 20090821)

“Drawing on the similarities between Pac-man and an amoeba and efforts to model the human brain, this absorbing read shows that biologists and engineers have a lot to learn from working together.” —Discover Magazine

(Discover )

“Biology and information lie at the heart of a new scientific revolution. In this timely and illuminating volume, Dennis Bray passionately weaves a compelling case for a computational view of life.”—Martyn Amos, author of Genesis Machines: The New Science of Biocomputing
(Martyn Amos )

“Bray does an admirable job explaining complex biological phenomena, such as the lac operon in E. coli or non-coding RNAs, to non-experts while keeping the attention of people already familiar with these ideas. In this way, Wetware is a complex, highly thought-provoking look at how cells are similar to computers. Or, perhaps more correctly, how computers should try to be like living cells.”—Laura DMare, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
(Laura DeMare Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine )

About the Author

Dennis Bray is professor emeritus, University of Cambridge, and coauthor of several influential texts on molecular and cell biology. In 2007, he was awarded the prestigious European Science Prize in Computational Biology.

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 280 pages
  • Publisher: Yale University Press; First Edition edition (May 26, 2009)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 0300141734
  • ISBN-13: 978-0300141733
  • Product Dimensions: 6.1 x 1 x 9.2 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds
  • Average Customer Review: 4.3 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (15 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #827,915 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

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Customer Reviews

Another thing I liked about this book is Bray's curiosity. Elizabeth A. Gibson  |  3 reviewers made a similar statement
Well written and thought-provoking book. C. Hilton  |  4 reviewers made a similar statement
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
54 of 56 people found the following review helpful
Format:Hardcover
The idea that cellular membranes and contents may be functional equivalents of computers may appear strange, if not implausible. Dennis Bray sets forth a highly readable, absolutely intriguing case for the machine nature of proteins that are in a constant dialog with their inner (the cell juice or cytosol) and outer environments, exploiting thermal diffusion, dynamic equilibrium, weak and strong bonding forces, all of which result in a fantastic orchesta of switching on and off to produce this phenomenon well call life.

There is something breathtaking in Bray's thesis, which is stated in such lucid and straightforward language that the general reader will wonder why cellular biology ever seemed like a difficult or alien subject.

Computational biology gives one the sense that we are at the threshold of yet another of civilization's "Spinoza moments" where the entire framework for thinking about life is dramatically, and irrevocably restructured.

Rather than being sourced in unfathomable complexity, life in this model is founded on processes of utmost simplicity, yet have evolved marvellously dense control networks within the structure of those simple rules.

Bray's Wetware is essential reading for the non specialist who wants to know where one of the most significant trends in science and phiolsophy are headed.
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46 of 51 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars complexity reduced June 10, 2009
Format:Hardcover
The premise for this book is that systems of proteins can convey and process information at the level of a single free-living cell. These proteins act as switches or transistors, functioning as the nervous system does for multicellular organisms. Bray presents abundant evidence that this is the case. Several well-studied cellular examples (e.g. bacterial chemotaxis) are used to illustrate the principle that complex behaviors and even the appearance of "consciousness" can be the product of relatively simple combinations of switches and outcomes. This is augmented by discussion of simple robots (e.g. Grey Walter's "tortoises") and computer games (e.g. PacMan), illustrating the point that some extremely complex behaviors can result from extremely simple circuits and motors.

His insight that "it is much more difficult to infer internal structure from the observation of behavior than to create the structure that gives the behavior in the first place" is a powerful one, and should give pause to anyone who subscribes to the notion of "intelligent design", or who thinks that cellular activities are "irreducibly complex". Humans can be easily fooled into believing that human-like attributes can only be attributed to human-like intelligence.. But the notion that a cell is so complex that it must have been designed by a supernatural agent is similar to the response one might imagine if a caveman was confronted by a simple robot. In both cases the object seems beyond comprehension; in both cases the object can actually be described by simple physical laws, circuits and switches.

Bray brings the full force of his experience and intellect to this book, showing the way toward a deeper understanding of single-cell behavior, neural net capabilities, and our innate ability to infer consciousness or agency in systems that actually have a very simple network of switches and outcomes. It is important to understand that Bray is not saying that single cells have what we call "consciousness", but they do have properties that could be described as short-term memory, intentions, and learning. Clearly these properties cannot be the result of a brain and nervous system, but must be based in a far simpler circuitry of proteins and environmental cues. Complete appreciation of this book will require some basic biological education; some of that is supplied by the author while other concepts are assumed. His perspective allows us another step away from the brain/mind Descartian dualism that seems to be making a comeback among anti-intellectual and anti-scientific proponents of theological arguments such as intelligent design.

The arguments thus have not only scientific ramifications, but cultural and philosophical ramifications as well.
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42 of 47 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars This is one fantastic book! July 21, 2009
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
This book blew me away - my head is spinning - I'm a firm believer in evolution (of course), but having read this book I have more of a glimpse of the complexities involved I've decided that we can't possibly exist (grin).

Of course the title of this book doesn't imply a computer like we think of ... more the ability to perform computations and make decisions. To be honest I hadn't really thought about this stuff in this depth before, but as it says on the cover:

"How does a single-cell creature, such as an amoeba, lead such a sophisticated life? How does it hunt living prey, respond to lights, sounds, and smells, and display complex sequences of movements without the benefit of a nervous system?"

Having read this book I can just about understand how an amoeba can move around and hunt its prey etc ... and I can also understand how groups of similar cells can perform "quorum sensing" (detect their relative concentration - i.e how many of them are there in a given area) ... remembering that we're talking about single cells here...

But to go from there to the current peak of human evolution (that would be me ... and you I suppose ... but let's focus on me :-)

... well, all I can say is that "the mind boggles" ...

I'm still trying to wrap my brain around everything that I learned.

This is a fantastic book - highly recommended!!!
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
4.0 out of 5 stars fascinating
level of detail is just right for someone who's not a biologist but who has a college-level intro to science in their background
Published 5 months ago by Daniel
5.0 out of 5 stars Challenging, but Well Worth the Effort!
Wetware is not a light read. In fact, it should be taken slowly. I found myself spending up to a half an hour on some pages, just thinking about what Prof. Bray was saying. Read more
Published 15 months ago by prototypo
4.0 out of 5 stars How cells work
The early chapters of the book are the best ones: they explain very well how components of a cell (e.g. Read more
Published on May 4, 2011 by W. Cheung
1.0 out of 5 stars Author does not even seem to know the term "gene regulatory network"
This book was a big disappointment for me. I didn't expect a book for a professional, but I did at least expect to read the background of research in computational cellular... Read more
Published on February 14, 2011 by A. C. Van Rossum
2.0 out of 5 stars Huge Disappointed
Paradigms are a very powerful thing. They can capture imagination of many and provide intellectual tools and shortcuts for making sense of otherwise complicated or even intractable... Read more
Published on November 13, 2010 by Dr. Bojan Tunguz
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent book on the inner workings of living cells
This is a beautiful book, and Bray is an uncommonly good writer. He explains the inner workings of a cell, and the relationships between cells and their environments, with clarity... Read more
Published on November 7, 2010 by Elizabeth A. Gibson
4.0 out of 5 stars An easy overview of how cells react to stimuli
This is a high school senior level introduction to discoveries in biochemistry. The read is easy for the subject; for example, how cells seem to react logically (i.e. Read more
Published on March 27, 2010 by Searcher
5.0 out of 5 stars Fascinating exploration of the complexities of a cell
This book is full of fascinating information. Wetware is a book about the cell, it discusses the mechanics of signal transmission, the relationships between the various parts of... Read more
Published on February 23, 2010 by A. Menon
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent read
Well written and thought-provoking book. Excellent overview on the concepts of "cell memory" and protein-based "consciousness" -- based on real biochemistry not voodoo science... Read more
Published on January 26, 2010 by C. Hilton
5.0 out of 5 stars very good book
Nicely written. Irregular yet a very good read overall. Introduces very interesting analogies, and more interesting differences, between living systems and computers.
Published on January 10, 2010 by Critic Critter
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