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While America Aged: How Pension Debts Ruined General Motors, Stopped the NYC Subways, Bankrupted San Diego, and Loom as the Next Financial Crisis [Hardcover]

Roger Lowenstein
3.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (36 customer reviews)

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Book Description

May 1, 2008
While America Aged illuminates the scope of the problem we’re facing, and warns that the worst is yet to come. With the narrative flair and talent for decoding financial ambiguities that readers have come to rely on, Lowenstein brilliantly chronicles three fascinating pension cases: the collapse of the over-obligated General Motors, the pension strike that halted New York City’s subways and effectively shut down the city, and the scandalous bankrupting of the affluent corner of Southern California, the city of San Diego. Not only compelling historical sagas rich with detail and unforgettable characters, each story also acts as an object lesson. Lowenstein warns that these pension wars are only the beginning of the retirement and healthcare crisis we will face if we don’t find ways to address this latest moral hazard. Governments and corporations across the country used pensions as a seemingly easy way to curry favor with unions (easy because the expense would be deferred until a later generation). But now, with cumulative retirement deficits approaching $1 trillion, the day of reckoning has arrived.

Is there a way out? Lowenstein recognizes that fixing pensions will be difficult but securing retirement is a critical issue—especially in our rapidly aging country—and he proposes a cogent solution to the impending crisis. Masterfully written and convincingly argued, While America Aged is a timely and crucial wake-up call to a pension damaged America.


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While America Aged: How Pension Debts Ruined General Motors, Stopped the NYC Subways, Bankrupted San Diego, and Loom as the Next Financial Crisis + Governmental and Nonprofit Financial Management + Financial Managmenet in the Public Sector: Tools, Applications, and Cases
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Editorial Reviews

From Publishers Weekly

Starred Review. America's impending pension problem is brutally simple: private companies and governments have pledged to provide retirement income and health care for workers, but have not set aside the money to make good on their promises. Typical accounts of the crisis tend to obfuscate the issue and fixate on laying blame, but Lowenstein (Origins of the Crash) has a refreshing perspective—he tells three fascinating stories in American economic history and situates the current pension problems in the struggle for dignity for workers. Lowenstein regards fixing pensions as a worthy culmination to a century's struggle for justice rather than a painful chore unfairly foisted on the present by the past. Unfortunately, after this incisive and inspiring history lesson, the 10 pages at the end devoted to solutions are too abstract and unoriginal. The book gives the reader lively stories and historical insight, but may disappoint those looking for policy recommendations. (May 5)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

From Booklist

Lowenstein has previously written best-sellers on Warren Buffet, the 2000 stock market crash, and the demise of bond-trading firm Long-Term Capital Management. Here he tackles what could be the next looming crisis: the severe underfunding of pensions in both the private and public sectors. Although the implications are far-reaching for cities, states, and corporations across America, Lowenstein narrowed his focus on three massive pension failures: General Motors, the New York transit system, and the city of San Diego. In each case, underfunding, underestimation of promises made to retired workers, borrowing from the pension, and reliance on all-too-rosy predictions of stock-market gains were the causes of massive failure of the system. Lowenstein goes into great detail establishing the history and politics that went into the creation of these pension systems and further expounds on how their mismanagement brought down the whole system. Many businesses and governments will soon need to face up to the facts of their pension obligations and make some tough choices. --David Siegfried

Product Details

  • Hardcover: 288 pages
  • Publisher: Penguin Press HC, The; First edition. edition (May 1, 2008)
  • Language: English
  • ISBN-10: 1594201676
  • ISBN-13: 978-1594201677
  • Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.5 x 1 inches
  • Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
  • Average Customer Review: 3.9 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (36 customer reviews)
  • Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #620,991 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

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Customer Reviews

The book is extremely well written and easy to read. Philip M. Mccaulay  |  7 reviewers made a similar statement
There is not a single chart of table in the book. American Bandersnatch  |  5 reviewers made a similar statement
Most Helpful Customer Reviews
29 of 31 people found the following review helpful
4.0 out of 5 stars Economic and political history May 16, 2008
Format:Hardcover|Amazon Verified Purchase
Roger Lowenstein is the author of my favorite books "Buffett" and "When Genius Failed". His ability to collect the historical facts is amazing: the author gives 575 references to other sources throughout the book. I like this approach very much. This book is also timely and accurate: it is not only a spell-binding economic and political history, the origin and the problems of IRAs, 401(k) and other mechanisms - it is an urgent call to action and a prescription for reform. You will also find what do the precedential candidates of 2008 campaign think about this issue. Besides that, Lowenstein, a regular contributor to many financial periodicals, proposes his own solution. The author recognizes that the workers are entitled to decent security in their retirement - a critical issue as the country ages. He warns that the pension wars that erupted in Detroit, New York and San Diego are only the first. Government and corporations across the country used pensions as a seemingly easy way to curry favor with unions (easy because the expense would be deferred until a later generation). But now, with cumulative retirement deficits approaching $1 trillion, the day of reckoning has arrived.

The author declares that pensions are perfect vehicle for procrastination; in the financial world, they are the most long-enduring promises that exist. The only rival is the federal Social Security system - but there, surprisingly, the commitment is no so airtight. Congress, if it chose, could reduce or cancel Social Security benefits tomorrow. Pensions are forever.

There is a noteworthy example in the book: the young men who went to work for General Motors after World Word II, when GM ruled the roost of American business, were promised pensions and health care benefits that remained in force for half a century. One GM retiree, who died at 111 in 2006, had been collecting pension and retiree health benefits for forty-eight years. When he first went to work, in 1926, GM's managers could not have had the faintest conception of what the company could or would be paying in benefits eighty years later.

I do also recommend the other books by Roger Lowenstein in addition to his book.
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34 of 40 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Three Good Anecdotes Don't Tell a Complete Story June 16, 2008
Format:Hardcover
Although Lowenstein is a talented writer and the topic of retirement in America is an important one, the narrow focus of this book makes it hard to recommend. Lowenstein skillfully recounts in detail the pension plan difficulties faced by General Motors, the New York City subway system and San Diego.

However, these three stories seem to exist in isolation. He doesn't spend enough time putting them in the context of other government and private pension and 401(k) plans. Lowenstein seems to have focused on making sure the three stories are easy to read and in this he has succeeded. But in doing so, he has not provided the hard data that a reader needs to really understand the issue. There is not a single chart of table in the book. There are virtually no benchmarks in the book - it's hard to judge the appropriateness of the pay and pensions described in the book without details of the payroll and benefit costs of other American workers.

Although the stories were good, after reading 230 pages I didn't feel that I had learned anything significant that I did not know before.
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7 of 8 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Interesting Problem, Poor Solutions August 25, 2008
Format:Hardcover
Very interesting and informative book, enjoyed it immensely. However I part company with the author when it comes to solutions. His only idea seems to be tax increases so the public can pay for the rapacious antics of the public sector unions in particular or so the government can bail out the private sector companys that have caved into unions. And heaven forbid that people actually be allowed to control their own retirement funds and investements, the nanny state uber alles.
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Most Recent Customer Reviews
5.0 out of 5 stars Powerful book - well written
Lowenstein has written a great book about a very complicated issue that people need to understand. I highly recommend this for anyone who is trying to understand the politics and... Read more
Published 2 months ago by P. J. Mccoy
3.0 out of 5 stars A Good Review of the Particular Cases it Examines but does not Tie...
The author, Lowenstein, is a financial journalist who dedicates, basically, three sections of his book to three different pension collapses and a fourth and concluding section... Read more
Published 5 months ago by Yoda
5.0 out of 5 stars life experience
General motors.
I worked for general motors for over 13 years before quitting I realized even back in 1976 that the company could not last. Read more
Published 5 months ago by dale
5.0 out of 5 stars Well written and rich with information.
Roger Lowenstein has a terrific ability to present facts and history in a well written fashion, yet at the same time provide observations that are insightful, sometimes humorous... Read more
Published 10 months ago by HGC
5.0 out of 5 stars Good big-picture view of an important topic--the aging of America
You might recognize Roger Lowenstein's name. He is the author of When Genius Failed, the definitive history of the 1998 Long-Term Capital Management collapse. Read more
Published 23 months ago by Charles Lewis Sizemore, CFA
4.0 out of 5 stars Good collection of case studies
The title of this book says it all; 3 case studies that examine the creation, evolution and encroaching dissolution of a large and infamous pension plan in the USA. Read more
Published on April 10, 2011 by Newton Ooi
4.0 out of 5 stars Short-sighted behavior from unions and managers alike
I first posted this review on [...]

Who would have thought that pensions could be interesting? Read more
Published on January 15, 2011 by C. Griffith
5.0 out of 5 stars Pension Crisis Soon to Affect You!
Lot's of states (CA & NY to name a few) cities & municipalities are near bankruptcy unless the The Federal Government continues to bail them out through more stimulus $$. Roger L. Read more
Published on December 29, 2010 by 1 MadGreek
4.0 out of 5 stars Good Historical Overview, Ending Tacked On
Overall this book provides a useful summary of the challenges that Defined Benefit pensions have faced in the past few decades by concentrating on three case studies. Read more
Published on October 25, 2010 by Bjorn
3.0 out of 5 stars Memo to publisher
Sorry... I'm not going to pay $12.99 for the Kindle edition, which is more expensive than the Amazon price with free shipping.
Published on August 13, 2010 by Robert H. Heath
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