XForms: XML Powered Web Forms [Paperback]

T. V. Raman (Author)

Book Description

Publication Date: October 3, 2003 | ISBN-10: 0321154991 | ISBN-13: 978-0321154996

W3C XForms (XML powered web forms) is an overhaul to HTML forms from 1993. On-line forms are critical to electronic commerce on the Internet, and the HTML forms design is now beginning to show its age. The advent of XML on the WWW, and the subsequent move to Web services as a means of connecting disparate information technologies to deliver end-to-end customer solutions has now made XML documents central to the fabric of the WWW.

Editorial Reviews

From the Back Cover

Praise for XForms: XML Powered Web Forms

“XForms is an exciting new technology for designing Web forms in an elegant and accessible way. Raman’s book provides strong motivations for flexibility in the design of human-machine interactions, and explains how to use XForms to this end in crystal-clear prose.”

         —Eve Maler
             XML Standards Architect, Sun Microsystems

“Interactive forms technology is the logical evolution of Web user interface design. XForms represents a significant leap forward in that evolution.”

         —Sean McGrath
             CTO, Propylon

“The greatest strength of this book is the skill with which T. V. Raman links the XForms technology with the larger context of the Web. The limitations of HTML forms, the ways in which XForms provides a better foundation for Web and Web service user interfaces, and the opportunities for an XForms-powered Web that is accessible to all users and devices are outlined and brought together in a compelling way.”

         —Michael Champion
             Advisory Research and Development Specialist, Software AG

“Raman’s book gives the reader an excellent explanation of the emerging W3C XForms recommendation. It’s a well-organized and well-written book that begins with a gentle introduction to the concepts that motivated the development of XForms and then provides a reasonable overview of the relevant XML technology related to XForms. Most of the book covers XForms components: user interface controls, model properties, functions, actions, and events. It concludes with XForms as a Web service, offering multi-modal access and accessibility. In light of the October 2003 deadline for U.S. federal agencies to comply with the mandate of the Government Paperwork Elimination Act (GPEA) to give citizens the opportunity to provide information online, this important technical work comes none too soon. As T. V. masterfully elucidates, XForms provides the ‘last mile’ in ‘connecting users to their data.’ Insightfully, he also observes ‘the document is the human interface’ to data—an understanding without which the challenge to make eGov services ‘citizen-centered’ simply cannot and will not be met.”

         —Owen Ambur
             Cofounder and Cochair, XML Working Group, U.S. CIO Council

“I found the author’s straightforward style quite comfortable and informative. I heartily recommend this book, especially for government XML developers interested in the broader area of E-Forms. Understanding XForms is key to developing robust and flexible E-Forms solutions that separate content, logic, validation, and presentation. You’ll never look at (X)HTML forms the same way after reading Raman’s book.”

         —Kenneth Sall
             GSA eGov Technical Architect/XML Specialist, SiloSmashers

---

“Reusable components such as E-Forms are at the heart of the U.S. Federal Enterprise Architecture and E-Government, and XML standards-based solutions are starting to appear for use across the government. T. V. Raman’s book meticulously explains how XForms leverage the power of using XML for E-Forms and have been designed to abstract much of XML’s functionality into a set of components referred to as MVC (Model, View, Controller), which separates the model from its final presentation. This XForms component architecture serves as an excellent roadmap for the reader. T. V. eloquently shows how XForms make the original promise of ‘the document is the interface’ a reality so the collected data can be directly submitted to a Web service—thus putting a human face on Web services!”

—Brand Niemann, Ph.D., Chair, XML Web Services Working Group, U.S. CIO Council

XForms—XML-powered Web forms—are set to replace HTML forms as the backbone of electronic commerce. XForms enable the creation and editing of structured XML content within a familiar Web browser environment, which is likely to play a key role in enabling simple browser-based access to Web services. XForms leverage the power of XML in modeling, collecting, and serializing user input. In this book, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) XForms specification editor T. V. Raman explains how programmers can create durable and dependable feature-rich forms accessible from multiple platforms and devices and available in multiple languages and modes.

XForms play a key role in connecting humans to information technologies, deployed as Web services. This book begins by providing an overview of the XForms technology and the set of XML standards on which it is built, including XML Path Language (XPath), Dom2 events, XML events, XML namespaces, and XML Schema. Part II profiles the XForms architecture and its components. An introduction to the available user interface controls leads into a guide to creating complex user interfaces. The following chapters describe XForms model properties, functions, actions, and events. Each chapter’s increasingly complex examples illustrate the concepts discussed. The final part of the book details how XForms will be used to create a new generation of human-centric, multimodal, accessible Web transactions.

Readers will learn:

• Why XForms can deliver better user interaction at less cost
• How the XForms technology works
• What comprises the XForms architecture
• How to use XForms to connect users to Web services
• How XForms can accommodate spoken and visual interaction
• How to ensure universal accessibility to Web content with XForms

XForms will transform the way companies and consumers handle Web transactions. XForms: XML Powered Web Forms provides Web developers, IT professionals, and Web server administrators with a firm grasp of this standard, how it will shape emerging solutions, and how it will change the nature of their day-to-day work.

About the Author

T. V. Raman is a member of IBM's Almaden Research Center and of the W3C XForms Working Group. He earned his Ph.D. from Cornell University and has filed more than 20 patents during his ten years of work in advanced technology development. His areas of expertise include auditory interfaces, scripting languages, Internet technologies such as Web server applications, and Web standards.

0321154991AB07172003

See all Editorial Reviews

Product Details

• Paperback: 272 pages
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional (October 3, 2003)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0321154991
• ISBN-13: 978-0321154996
• Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 7 x 0.6 inches
• Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
• Average Customer Review: 4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (12 customer reviews)
• Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #1,612,658 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

More About the Author

Discover books, learn about writers, read author blogs, and more.

Customer Reviews

Most Helpful Customer Reviews

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful:

5.0 out of 5 stars Why XForms, April 19, 2004

By 

Mr. M. J. Seaborne (Scotland) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   

This review is from: XForms: XML Powered Web Forms (Paperback)

XForms is just the right length and weight for reading in bed, or on a flight (two hours or more). So those are the places where I read Raman's book. I openly admit that I got more out of the book in flight than between sheets.

Raman belongs to the school of tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them it, then tell them what you told them. His English is rather academic in style, but it is always clear.

Raman has put considerable thought into the problems addressed by XForms.The book ought not be read as a description of XForms syntax, nor is it really a tutorial on how to use XForms. Rather, Raman's book is a treatise that sets out the desirable characteristics of electronic forms, especially those deployed over the Web. By explaining requirements, and illustrating, by means of those examples, how XForms meets his requirements, Raman has produced a compelling justification for the design of XForms. He has also gone a long way towards providing a clear set of criteria against which other forms technologies might be measured.

XForms is divided into three parts. Very roughly, Part One describes the mess we are in today, and sets out the characteristics of a means to salvation, and just how these are embodied in XForms. The second is a blow by blow account of the act of salvation; while the third points to the state of grace we might achieve in the future, if we pursue the principles on which XForms is based.

So, Raman sets off on the journey with a description, by means of a simple example, of the tools and approaches used in typical Web forms projects at the moment. He then spends some time reworking the example as an XForms implementation, and highlights the key advantages of using XForms. In doing so he introduces us to the major components of Xforms.

The rest of Part One is an introduction to the array of other XML standards the potential XForms developer will face when using XForms. Raman lists six standards on which XForms has some dependency, including XML itself. This is a strength of XForms. Processors, can, at least partly, be amalgamations of existing implementations of standards, such as W3C XML Schema. Furthermore authors are likely to be using skills that are useful in other contexts.

Part Two consists of a more detailed examination of XForms. Raman first takes us through the UI itself, moving from simple constructs to the more sophisticated. Each section describes the use of XForms components, with worked examples, and so helps to put into context the architectural principles sketched out in Part One.

As an example, let's look at Section 3.4, Types of Selection Controls. Raman tells us that it is a common requirement that a user make a selection from a predefined list of values. He cites the various ways that this can be physically represented on different devices, but then makes the point that "XForms defines selection controls based on the functionality provided, rather than their appearance in a given environment. This design has the advantage of capturing the underlying intent in a given user interaction rather than its mere visual appearance." (p.63). Raman expands his argument with a worked example, that contrasts how a voice browser might struggle with an HTML implementation of a choice, but work very naturally with the XForms equivalent.

Having described the basic building blocks of the UI, Raman tells us how to combine them within groups, repeating groups, and the XForms equivalent of tabbed groups.

Next come accounts of the bits the author needs to make a form function; Model Item Properties (MIPs), Functions, Actions and Events. In these chapters Raman explains and justifies XForms declarative style, whilst carefully acknowledging that techniques such as scripting have proved their worth in allowing people to "experiment and innovate on the Web" (p.163). As an example of the power of the declarative approach, Raman sets out how an author can use dynamically evaluated MIPs such as relevant, and read-only, combined with CSS, to control the physical representation of forms, by hiding controls, or groups that are bound to nodes that become irrelevant, for example.

The last section of XForms lays before the reader Raman's hopes for a future Web in which XForms acts as a mediator between humans and Web services and so; "allows users to interact naturally with complex, structured data; and does so across many modalities, in a way that makes the Web universally accessible".

Raman devotes a chapter to each aspect of his vision. In the first, he points out that web services rely on the transfer of "well structured, rigorously validated" XML, all ready for machine processing. XForms allows people to interact directly with such user unfriendly data. Furthermore, XForms allows authors to create islands of well structured data within oceans of the kind of semi-structured document that people use all the time. So "XForms makes the original promise of the document is the interface a reality".

The last two chapters establish that XForms does not impose any particular view of what that interface should be. Raman makes very forcefully the point that XForms is through designed to support multi-modality and accessibility principles, and so makes it trivial for form authors to create forms that will work pretty much any way that is appropriate. Raman emphasises that accessibility and support for multiple modalities are all part and parcel of the same thing. Moreover he has illustrated his points very carefully, to make clear that accessibility is about improving everyone's experience of the Web. We all find ourselves in situations when we are functionally blind, or deaf, or physically impaired, every day of our lives, if we just stop to think about it.

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful:

4.0 out of 5 stars A Refactoring of HTML into XML, October 16, 2003

By 

W Boudville (Terra, Sol 3) - See all my reviews
(VINE VOICE)    (TOP 1000 REVIEWER)    (HALL OF FAME REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   

This review is from: XForms: XML Powered Web Forms (Paperback)

After HTML and the browsers came out in 1993, there was a frenzied buildout of the web. Very quickly, the CGI-bin parsing method was supplanted by more powerful backend approaches like PHP, Java Server Pages and Active Server Pages. (And others.) For all of their competings with each other, which happens to this day, they had one thing in common. Their input and output was HTML. Granted, current HTML has improved since 1993. But not by much. It is as though it remains in a time warp, adrift while entire server side methodologies rose. There were several reasons. Primarily that the problems on the server side, like integrating with a data base, and separating business logic from presentation and from the data queries, were indeed harder problems. It was correct for developers to concentrate on the main issues.

But now, finally, attention has focussed on HTML itself, and indeed on broader interactive issues. Aided by the rise of cell phones and other media where you do not necessarily have a mouse or monitor. And where I/O might be audio with a limited keyboard. People asked, is there a way to write display logic that can easily handle both computers and phones? From this flowed a generalisation of HTML called XForms. The book emphasises XForms' close links with HTML. Deliberately so, to take advantage of the widespread knowledge of HTML. XForms is shown to have an elegant simplicity.

You should know, it IS more complex than HTML. It requires some knowledge of XML namespaces and XPath and CSS. But if you want to develop and easily support products that deploy on computers and phones and maybe other future platforms, then it is well worth it. Imagine XForms as a refactoring of HTML into XML.

By the way, the book talks of various motivations for using XForms, like making your products accessible to the blind. All to the good. But the blunt reality is that all other markets except those mentioned above are an afterthought.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful:

3.0 out of 5 stars Not quite there yet, October 13, 2003

By 

fpmurphy (FL) - See all my reviews

This review is from: XForms: XML Powered Web Forms (Paperback)

This is a book which compresses a lot of good and useful information into just over 220 pages. It starts off by demonstrating how a small simple Web-based questionnaire can be rewritten as a XForms application. Unfortunately, the book is very vague on how to actually deploy XFroms applications and leaves it up to the reader to figure out how to deploy this sample application on their own system.

A companion CD is provided which contains all the book sample code sources. It would have been useful and user-friendly if a copy of one of more XForms implementations were included on the CD. I hope that this is corrected in a future edition of the book.

The book continues by reviewing the various XML standards used with XForms, followed by detailed chapters on XForms user interface controls, model properties, functions, actions and events.

Given the current scarcity of books on XForms, this book should be on the bookshelf of any serious Web application developer.